Respiratory System Flashcards
(105 cards)
1
Q
Is the functional unit of respiratory system.
A
ALVEOLI
2
Q
Respiratory rate
A
16-25 breaths per minute
3
Q
Organ lined with simple COUMNAR and covered with Pleural Cavity.
A
Lungs
4
Q
Lungs are ___ to the heart.
A
LATERAL
5
Q
Heart is lined with what cavity?
A
Mediastinal cavity
6
Q
2 cavities covered by Thoracic cavity
A
Mediastinal and Pleural Cavity
7
Q
Lung with Larger lobe having oblique and horizontal fissures
A
Right lung
8
Q
Lung with smaller lobe having oblique fissure only
A
Left lung
9
Q
What is the additional lobe in the right lung?
A
Middle lobe
10
Q
What is the additional fissure in right lung?
A
Horizontal fissure
11
Q
A wedge-shaped located on the medial aspect of the lungs.
A
Hilum
12
Q
Hilum basically means?
A
Gateway of an organ
13
Q
Structures that passes through the hilum of the lungs
A
Bronchi
Pulmonary artery and vein
hilar lymph nodes
14
Q
It is an indentation that allows space for the heart.
A
Cardiac notch
15
Q
It is the tongue-like depression located on the LEFT lung.
A
Lingula
16
Q
Lobe where the cardiac notch is located
A
Superior lobe of the left lung
17
Q
Lingula is found in what lobe?
A
Superior lobe of the left lung
18
Q
The main muscle for respiration
A
Diaphragm
19
Q
Between what cavity diaphragm is located?
A
Below the thoracic cavity and above the peritoneal cavity
20
Q
Phrenic refers to
A
Diaphragm
21
Q
Blood supply for the diaphragm
A
Musculophrenic artery
22
Q
Nerve innervation of the diaphragm
A
Phrenic nerve
23
Q
Structures that passes through Caval opening of the diaphragm
A
Inferior vena cava
Right phrenic nerve
24
Q
Structures that passes through Esophageal opening of the diaphragm
A
Esophagus
R and L vagus nerve
Left gastric vessel
25
Structures that passes through Aortic opening of the diaphragm
Aorta
Azygus vein
Thoracic duct
26
In what direction diaphragm is displaced during inspiration?
INFERIORLY
27
Action of diaphragm during expiration
Recoils
28
Vein that runs at the side of the THORACIC vertebra towards the superior vena cava that provides an alternative path for blood to the RIGHT ATRIUM when superior and inferior vena cava are BLOCKED
Azygos vein
29
True or False. Contraction of diaphragm initiates expiration.
False- inspiration
30
True or false. During EXPIRATION, it does not require any muscle due to ELASTIC RECOIL
True
31
2 zones in respiration
Conducting zone
| Respiratory zone
32
Organs involved in the conducting zone
```
Nasal pasages
Pharynx
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchioles
```
33
Lining epithelium of nasopharynx
Stratified squamous
| Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells
34
Epithelial lining of Oropharynx
Non-keratinized stratified squamous
35
Part or pharynx that regulates the passage of air into the lungs and food into the esophagus by means of EPIGLOTTIS
Laryngopharynx
36
2 normal earcobic microflora in the oral cavity
Streptococcus
| Actinomycetes
37
Most common strep infection
Tonsiitis
38
2nd strep infection
Endocarditis
39
Structures that has schneiderian membrane
Mx sinus
Nasopharynx
middle inferior concha
Nasal cavity
40
Also known as windpipe
Trachea
41
A C-shaped cartilaginous rings lined with PERICHONDRIUM that contains cilia
Trachea/windpipe
42
Function of CIlia
Traps bacteria, Filters air
43
It is the most inferior part of the trachea that bifurcates to from PRIMARY BRONCHI at the level of the STERNAL ange
CARINA
44
It is the junction of UPPER and LOWER respiratory tract
TRACHEA
45
Brief-like structure
Carina
46
Straight, shorter and wider bronchus
Right bronchus
47
Angulated, longer ad narrower bronchus
Left bronchus
48
Which lung is the most common affected by infection?
Right lung
49
Most common cause of lung infection
Pneumonia
50
Other name for Secondary bronchi
Lobar bronchi
51
It contains clara cells that produce serous fluid
Bronchioles
52
Terminal bronchioles is lined with?
Simple cuboidal ciliated
53
The last part of conducting zone
Terminal bronchioles
54
The first part of respiratory zone
Respiratory bronchioles
55
Difference between Terminal bronchioles and Respiratory bronchioles
Terminal- more cartilage, less elastin
| Respiratory - less cartilage, more elastin
56
Contains Alveoli for gas exchange via PASSIVE DIFFUSION
Alveolar sacs
57
Grape like structure
Alveoli
58
What is diffusion?
Movement of molecule from high to low concentration
59
Passive means?
No need of energy
60
Passive diffusion
Movement of molecule from high to low concentration without energy
61
It is when oxygen diffuses from the air in the alveoli into the blood and CO2 diffuses from the blood into the air in the alveoli.
Gas Exchange
62
Lining epithelium of alveoli
Simple squamous
63
other function of squamous cell aside from protection
diffusion
64
Other name for pneumocyte 1
Alveolar cell
65
Other name for pneumocyte 2
Septal cell
66
Pneumocyte that prevents mucous leakage
Alveolar cell/ pneumocyte 1
67
Pneumocyte that serves as surfactant.
Septal cell/ pneumocyte 2
68
True or false. Pneumocyte 2 is more abundant than pneumocyte 1
False
69
What is a surfactant?
Reduces surface tension
| Increase pulmonary compliance (ability of lungs to expand)
70
2 types of alveolar macrophages
Dust cell
| Heart failure cell
71
Dust cell is for?
phagocytosis of dust/ particle from the external environment
72
Heart failure cells are for?
lysis of hemoglobin
73
Other name for HFC
Hemosiderin-laden macrophage
74
Hemoglobin engulfed by macrophage
Turns to hemosiderin
75
98% of oxygenated blood returns to the heart while the remaining 2 % becomes?
Remnants of blood engulfed by HFC
76
Cell of the lungs that produces mucus and is the most numerous
Goblet cells
77
Sputum contains what immunoglobulin?
IgA which helps to fight infection
78
The sensory cell of x located in the capillary
Juxtacapillary (J) receptors
79
Quantity of air drawn (inhale or exhale)
Tidal volume
80
Tidal volume in
male____
Female____
M- 500
| F-400
81
It is the MAXIMUM inhalation
Inspiratory reserve volume
82
IRV in
Male____
Female____
M- 3,100
| F- 2,400
83
MAXIMUM exhalation
Expiratory reserve volume
84
ERV in
Male__
Female___
M- 1,200
| F- 900
85
The volume of air remaining after MAXIMUM exhalation.
Residual volume
86
RV in
Male___
Female___
M- 1,200
| F- 900
87
Volume of air remaining after Normal exhalation
Functional residual capacity
88
FRC in
Male___
Female___
M- 2,300
| F- 1,800
89
Maximum amount of air that can be moved in or out of the lungs in a single respiratory cycle.
Vital capacity
90
VC in
Male___
Female____
M- 4,600
| F- 3,100
91
Total voume of air after MAXIMUM inspiration
Total Lung Capacity
92
TLC in
Male____
Female___
M- 6000
| F- 4,600
93
Reflex due to overinflation of alveoli
Herring-Breuer reflex
94
Why men needs more oxygen levels?
Male contains more testosterone that female
95
Testosterone in male mainly acts on
Skeletal muscles
96
Estrogen and Progesterone in female acts on
Adipose tissue
97
Formula for Functional Residual capacity
FRC= ERV + RV
98
Formula for Vital capacity
VC= Vt (Tidal volume) + IRV + ERV
99
Formula for Total Lung Capacity
TLC= RV + ERV+ TV+ IRV
100
Amount of daily water exhaled through moist
400ml
101
Pathology of which breathing is deep and labored
Kaussmaul's respiration
102
Pathology of which breatjing is deep and fast with sudden apnea
Cheyne-stoke respiration
103
Pathology of which breathing is shallow, and fast with sudden apnea
BIOT respiration
104
Prolonged deep breathing will result to?
Respiratory alkalosis
105
Neutral ph of the body
7.3-7.4
