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Dental Boards Review > Fetal circulation > Flashcards

Fetal circulation Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

In fetal circulation, all blood is oxygenated or deoxygenated?

A

OXYGENATED

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2
Q

Pathway of fetal circulation.

A

Umbilical vein > Liver> Ductus venosus > Inferior vena cava > Right atrium > Foramen ovale > Left atrium > Left ventricle > AORTA

from Right atrium > right ventricle > pulmonary artery> ductus arteriosus > AORTA

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3
Q

What are the 3 shunts during fetal days?

A

Ductus venosus
Foramen ovale
Ductus arteriosus

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4
Q

Remnants of Umbilical vein

A

Ligamentum teres

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5
Q

Remnants of ductus venosus

A

Ligmaentum venosus

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6
Q

Remnants of Foramen Ovale

A

Fossa ovalis

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7
Q

Remnants of ductus arteriosus

A

Ligamentum arteriosus

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8
Q

Ligamentum teres is found in what organ?

A

Liver

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9
Q

Foramen ovale in the heart is found?

A

Interatria/ Between R. atrium and Left atrium

Specifically R. atrium

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10
Q

Connection of pulmonary artery to aorta

A

Ductus arteriosus

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11
Q

Flow of blood to ductus arteriosus

A

From umbilical vein to Inferior vena cava

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12
Q

Remnant of umbilical cord can be seen?

A

Navel

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13
Q

It is caused by the movement of IONS between the inside and outside of the membrane.

A

Electric impulse

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14
Q

Other term for electric impulse

A

Action potentials

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15
Q

2 basic ions for Action potential

A

Sodium and potassium

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16
Q

Depolarization due to increase Na+ and Decreased K+, is what phaseof action potential?

A

PHASE 0

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17
Q

What happens in Phase 1 of action potential?

A

Partial repolarization due to decreased Na+ ion.

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18
Q

Phase where in Ca+ ion Increases, prolonging the depolarization

A

Phase 2

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19
Q

Phase 3 in action potential

A

Repolarization, Na+ and Ca+ are all close (300mS)

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20
Q

Phase where in Resting membrane potential occurs due to exchange of Na+ - K+ pump

A

Phase 4

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21
Q

Strongest ion which creates the longest action potential

A

Calcium

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22
Q

Node located on the superior wall of RIGHT atrium.

A

Sino-atrial node (SA)

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23
Q

radiation present in SA node

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A

electromagnetic radiation

24
Q

Natural pacemaker of the heart

25
Function of SA node
For ATRIAL contraction
26
This reflex produces an increased heart rate due to stretching of the right atrium.
BAINBRIDGE REFLEX
27
Muscle in Right atrium that helps in muscle contraction.
Pectinate
28
Node located between ATRIA and VENTRICLES
Atrioventricular node (AV)
29
Function of AV node
For Ventricular contraction
30
Nodes located at the apex of the heart.
Bundle of HIS | Purkinje fibers
31
These fibers carry the FASTEST electric impulse
Purkinje fibers
32
Machine that illustrates the normal rhythm of the heart.
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
33
What wave represents ATRIAL DEPOLARIZATION?
P-wave
34
What wave represents VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION?
QRS- complex
35
What wave represents VENTRICULAR REPOLARIZATION?
T-wave
36
This interval represents the time from initial depolarization of the atria to ventricles.
PR Interval
37
Interval represents the time from which the ventricles depolarize and repolarize.
QT interval
38
Segment that represents the current flow of VENTRICULAR REPOLARIZATION
ST segment
39
This wave is often absent.
Q-wave
40
Wave that is the first POSITIVE DEFLECTION.
R-wave
41
Wave that is a NEGATIVE DEFLECTION.
S-wave
42
Longer QT interval means?
Longer depolarization
43
Disease that shows longer QT interval
Torsades d'points
44
What device is used to measure the blood pressure?
Sphygmomanometer
45
What device is used to hear the sound?
Stethoscope
46
These are the blood flow sound while taking the blood pressure.
Korotkoff sounds
47
Location of korotkoff sounds
Antecubital fossa
48
Normal blood pressure
<120/<80
49
Pre-hypertension
120-130/80-89
50
Stage 1 Hypertension
140-159/90-99
51
Stage 2 Hypertension
>160/>100
52
The highest blood pressure is during?
Morning
53
The lowest blood pressure is during?
Evening
54
Common cause of error in taking the blood pressure is?
Too big and Small cuffs
55
Artery used for taking blood pressure.
Brachial artery

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