EARS and EYES Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
Ears are located in what bone?
A
Petrous portion of TEMPORAL bone
2
Q
The last sense to lose its function during death?
A
Hearing
3
Q
The first sense to lose its function during death
A
Vision
4
Q
meaning of AD and refers to?
A
Auricular Dexter - RIGHT ear
5
Q
Meaning of AS and refers to?
A
Auricular Sinister- LEFT ear
6
Q
Meaning of AU and refers to?
A
Auricular Uterque - BOTH ears
7
Q
Three parts of the ear
A
External
Middle
Internal
8
Q
What type of cartilage is PINNA made of?
A
Elastic cartilage
9
Q
Other name for EXTERNAL ear
A
PINNA
10
Q
What structure separates the external and middle ear?
A
Tympanic membrane
11
Q
T/F: All cartilages are avascular.
A
True
12
Q
Other name for tympanic membrane
A
eardrum
13
Q
3 parts of Ossicles
A
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
14
Q
It is the largest ossicle and is hammer/mallet shape
A
Malleus
15
Q
Ossicle with ANVIL shape
A
Incus
16
Q
the smallest bone in the body
A
Stapes
17
Q
ossicle with stirrup shape
A
Stapes
18
Q
They transmit VIBRATION
A
Ossicles
19
Q
Hearing comes in what form?
A
Wave
20
Q
What structure controls the vibration?
A
Muscles of the ear
21
Q
What muscle attaches itself to the MALLEUS?
A
Tensor Tympani muscle
22
Q
The shortest muscle of the body attached to stapes
A
Stapedius
23
Q
Connects the middle ear to NASOPHARYNX
A
Eustachian Tube (Auditory tube)
24
Q
The muscle that opens the tube is
A
Salpingopharyngeus
25
Snail like projection
Cochlea
26
Cochlea is responsible for?
Hearing
27
Outer membrane of cochlea
Ressner's membrane
28
Inner membrane of the cochlea
Basilar membrane
29
What membrane is stimulated by the sound FREQUENCY entering to the cochlea?
Basilar membrane
30
Main receptor for hearing
Organ of corti
31
Organ of corti houses what cell?
HAIR cells
32
A gelatinous membrane that delivers the sound in the brain.
Tectorial membrane
33
BQ. What membrane hits first by the wave?
Tympanic membrane
34
BQ. The last membrane to be hit by the wave.
Tectorial membrane
35
What ossicle is embedded in Cochlea?
Stapes
36
Vestibule is responsible for?
Balance
37
Responsible for horizontal acceleration
Sacule
38
Responsible for Vertical acceleration
Utricle
39
Hair-like, motile and flexible
Kinocilia
40
Hair-like, stiff and non-motile
Stereocilia
41
Vestibule contains what fluid?
Semicircular fluid that is responsible for balance
42
Swimmer ear is caused by what organism?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
43
Glue ear is caused by what organism?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
44
Vertigo is the most common sign of this infection
Otitis interna
45
Other name for Otitis interna
Vestibular neuritis
46
OD means
Ocular Dexter (RIGHT eye)
47
OS means
Ocular sinister-LEFT ear
48
OU means
Ocular uterque (BOTH eyes)
49
Other name for Cornea
Ciliary body
50
Clear front surface of the eyes for focusing near object.
Ciliary body
51
Basement membrane that lies on the cornea
Descemet's membrane
52
a Reflex in response to focusing on a near object
Accommodation
53
Eyes towards midline
Convergence
54
BQ. What muscle is responsible for the convergence of the eyes towards an image?
Medial rectus
55
medical term for constricting the pupil
Miosis
56
medical term for dilating the pupils
MyDriasis
57
White portion of the eye
Sclera
58
sclera is mainly made up of what collagen?
collagen type 1
59
iris is also refer to as?
diaphragm
60
adjusts the pupil to control the amount of light by constricting it
iris
61
the center opening of iris
pupil
62
What pathology in which the pupil has no reaction towards the light but DILATES when focusing?
Argyle-Robertsonian Pupil
63
other name for Argyll-Robertsonian Pupil
papillary light - near dissociation Reflex
64
Argyll-Robertsonian is observed in what diseases?
syphilis and diabetes mellitus
65
Pathology of which the pupil DILATES towards the light.
Marcus-Gunn Pupil
66
also known as relative afferent pupil
Marcus-Gunn Pupil
67
Marcus-Gunn is observed in what disease and lesion?
Multiple sclerosis and CN II lesion
68
the photosensitive region of the eye
retina
69
Cones are mainly found in what part of the retina?
Fovea centralis
70
Rods are mainly found in what part of the retina?
periphery
71
allows us to focus on accurate image
REFRACTION
72
also known as the blind spot
optic disc
73
Optic disc contains what receptor cells?
NONE
74
humor means?
fluid
75
a thin watery fluid that fills the space between cornea and iris
aqueous humor
76
a clear gel that fills the space between lens and retina
vitreous
77
connection of aqueous and vitreous humor
canal off schlemm
78
eye muscle for elevating of eyeball? innervated by?
Superior Rectus- CNIII
79
eye muscle for depressing the eyeball? innervated by?
inferior Rectus- CNIII
80
adduction of eyeball? innervated by?
medial Rectus - CNIII
81
abduction of eyeball? innervated by?
Lateral Rectus - CN VI
82
Intorsion of eyeball? innervated by?
superior Oblique - CN IV
83
Extorsion of the eyeball? innervated by?
Inferior Oblique - CN III
84
Levator palpebrae is responsible for what action of the eye?
Opening the eyelid (CN III)
85
BQ. If in relax state the eyeball is displaced towards the medial, what muscle is defected?
lateral Rectus
86
Intraocular muscle that helps in ACCOMODATION
ciliary muscle
87
Intraocular muscle responsible in MIOSIS
sphincter pupillae
88
Intraocular muscle responsible in MYDRIASIS
Dilator pupillae
89
Shape of Orbital cavity
somewhat pyramidal
90
Superior boundary of Orbital cavity
frontal and lesser wing of sphenoid
91
Lateral boundary of Orbital cavity
zygoma, frontal, Greater Wing of sphenoid bone
92
what consists the floor of the Orbital cavity?
palatine, maxillary and zygoma
93
medial boundary of Orbital cavity
Body of Sphenoid, Ethmoid, maxilla and lacrimal
94
thinnest bone in the Orbital cavity
lacrimal bone
95
BQ. At what wall where the thinnest bone of Orbital cavity can be found?
medial wall
96
Glands that produces tears
lacrimal gland
97
function of tears
lubricates the eye
98
location of lacrimal gland
superolateral portion of the orbit
99
tears will be washed in what direction?
Inferomedial
100
1st pathway of tears production
superior salivatory nucleus of the brain
101
2nd pathway of tears production
Greater petrosal nerve of VII
102
3rd pathway of tears production
Pterygopalatine ganglion
103
4th pathway of tears production
lacrimal glands via lacrimal nerve of V1
104
pathology in which the light focuses in front, instead of the retina
MYOPIA
105
Pathology in which the light focuses behind the retina
HYPEROPIA
106
A form of hyperopia caused by loss of elasticity of the lens typically occurring in after- age 40 years old
PRESBYOPIA
107
A refractive error, when retina fails to focus on the light
ASTIGMATISM
108
A vision development disorder which vision acuity falls to achieve even when there are eyeglasses
AMBLYOPIA
109
AMBLYOPIA begins in what stage of human development?
INFANCY and EARLY CHILDHOOD
110
one eye is misaligned
STRABISMUS
111
most common cause of cataract
DIPLOPIA
112
What is cataract?
Clouding of the lens due to aging
113
Eye pathology most common in
adult______
children ______
adult-Astigmatism
| children - amblyopia
114
Double vision may indicate what injury?
Brain injury/ craniofacial injury
115
near sightedness-
| far sightedness-
Myopia (near)
| Hyperopia (far)
116
between Myopia and Hyperopia, which is most common in older people?
Hyperopia
117
Major blood supply of the orbit and the eye is?
Opthalmic artery
118
Opthalmic artery is a branch of?
Internal carotid artery
119
Blood supply of the brain
Internal carotid artery
120
Structures that exits through the optic canal
OPTHALMIC ARTERY
| OPTIC nerve
