Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Dental Boards Review > Urinary system > Flashcards

Urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

Main organ in urinary system

A

Kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The functional unit of kidney

A

Nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Each kidney contains how many nephrons?

A

1,00,000 nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Kidney contains how many lobes and segments?

A

8-18 lobes and 5 segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The kidneys are located in retroperitoneal at level of?

A

T-12 - L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

It is the gateway of the kidneys

A

Renal hilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

structures that passes through renal hilum

A

Renal artery, vein

Ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Blood supply of Kidneys

A

Renal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Renal artery is a branch of what artery?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Renal corpuscles is composed of?

A

Glomerulus and Bowman’s compose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The site of blood filtration that contains mesangial cells

A

Glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This measures the proper functioning of kidneys

A

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

GFR is measured by?

A

Amount of Innulin and Manitol in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Amount of GFR per minute ____

per day ____

A

per minute: 120-125mL

per day : 170,000 - 180,000 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The entrance and exit of kidneys

A

Entrance- afferent

Exit- efferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Enlarge diameter of efferent means?

A

less waste, less filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Increase Innulin means?

A

increase GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Proteins that will measure GFR

A

Innulin and Mannitol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

It is the site of WATER FILTRATION that contains Podocytes.

A

Bowman’s capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Tubule that regulates the pH of filtration by exchanging Hydrogen ions and Bicarbonates.

A

Proximal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Proximal tubule is line with

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium with Microvilli for absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tubule that reabsorbs the GLUCOSE and AMINO ACIDS

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule produces what to buffer the hydrogen ions?

A

Ammonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

2 buffering agent of kidney

A

Bicarbonate

Ammonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Organ resistant to pH change
KIDNEY
26
The amount of GLUCOSE filtered per day is
160-180 mg/dL
27
The amount of GLUCOSE excreted per day is
0 mg/dL
28
When the glucose is exceeds to 180 mg/dL, the PCT starts to excrete glucose, known as the
RENAL THRESHOLD FOR GLUCOSE (RTG)
29
Tubule that contains the highest OSMOLARITY
Loop of henle
30
section of the loop of henle that is the only permeable to SODIUM
Descnding limb
31
Thin segment of ascending limb is line with
Simple squamous
32
Thick segment of Ascending limb is lined with
Simple cuboidal
33
Thick segments of ascending limb re-absorbs what ions?
Na, K, Cl
34
Section of loopof henle impermeable to water
Thick ascending limb
35
Process of which the ascending limb is the only impermeable to water because it has active sodium transport to regulate water excretion while the descending limb is impermeable to sodium
Countercurrent multiplier activity
36
Tubule that responds to LOW BLOOD PRESSURE by initiating RENIN production
Distal convoluted tubule
37
Distal convoluted tubule is lined with?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
38
Tubule that begins the urine formation
Distal convoluted tubule
39
Hormone that acts by regulation of Calcium reabsorption
PTH
40
Hormone that acts by increasing the re-absorption of SODIUM
Aldosterone
41
Hormone that acts by inhibiting absorption of SODIUM
Atrial Natriuretic peptide
42
Hormone that acts if there is decreased in blood pressure
Aldosterone
43
Hormone that acts by increasing the permeability to absorb water (dehydration)
ADH
44
It is the volume of plasma completely cleared of substance by the kidneys per unit time.
Renal Plasma Clearance
45
Renal plasm clearance is done by measuring?
Amount of INULIN
46
True or False. Inulin clearance is equal to the GFR.
True
47
It is the major componenet of the non-protein nitrogen fraction of the blood.
UREA
48
It is the waste product of protein used by muscle and commonly used to approximate the GFR filtration
Creatinine
49
Normal substances found in RENAL PLASMA CLEARANCE
``` Urea Creatinine Sodium Water Glucose ```
50
The least component found in renal plasma clearance
Glucose
51
The last portion of renal tubule with NO NEPHRONS
Collecting tubule
52
Collecting tubule are lined with?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
53
Papillary ducts of bellini is lined with?
Simple columnar epithelium
54
Hormone that increasses the permeability in collecting tubule
ADH
55
Urine in blood
Uremia
56
Blood in urine
Hematouria
57
pathology that indicates kidney failure
Uremia
58
A 25-30 cm tube that travels BELOW the peritoneum and ANTERIOR to the Common iliac artery
URETERS
59
Water under the bridge.
Uterine artery runs superiorly to the ureter
60
Structure in male reproductive organ that runs anteriorly to the ureter.
Vas deferens
61
What structure is most commonly injured during hysterectomy or vasectomy
URETER
62
A balloon-like chamber with walls of Smooth Muscle
Urinary bladder
63
Urinary bladder is mainly for the storage of urine with capacity of?
400-600 mL
64
Parasympathetic fiber for micturition is located in
Sacral 2-4
65
Main muscle for micturition
Detrussor muscle
66
Muscle that contracts the walls of urinary bladder for micturition
Detrussor muscle
67
Smooth muscle in urinary bladder __ | Skeletal muscle in urinary bladder___
Smooth-Internal urethral sphincter | Skeletal-External urethral sphincter
68
A triangular portion in urinary bladder where the internal sphincter is located
Trigone
69
Length of urethra in female
4-cm
70
Length of urethra in male
20 cm
71
Urethra that lies on the prostate gland
Prostatic urethra
72
Urethra that is the shortest and least dilatable
Membranous urethra
73
The longest urethra
Spongy (penile) urethra
74
pH of urine
6 pH
75
reason why urine is acidic
kidneys produce Hydrogen ion
76
Specific gravity of Urine
1.005 - 1.025
77
the pigment and the end-produce of bilirubin
Urobilin
78
Organ line with Transitional Epithelium
Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra
79
Waste product of carbohydrates metabolism
Urea

Dental Boards Review (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions