Meninges-Somatic Nervous System Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
The outermost and thickest meninges.
A
Dura mater
2
Q
4 infoldings of dura mater
A
Falx Cerebri
Tentorium Cerebella
Falx cerebella
Diaphragm sella
3
Q
the largest infoldings and separates cerebral hemisphere
A
Falx Cerebri
4
Q
Infoldings that separates Cerebellum and Occipital bone
A
Tentorium Cerebella
5
Q
It contains DURAL venous sinuses
A
Tentorium Cerebella
6
Q
What are the 3 dural venous sinuses?
A
Straight sinus
Transverse sinus
Superior petrosal sinus
7
Q
Infoldings that separates the Cerebellum and hemispheres
A
falx cerebella
8
Q
It covers the pituitary gland
A
Diaphragm sella
9
Q
BQ. Are right and left hemisphere symmetrical or asymmetrical?
A
Asymmetrical
10
Q
What hemisphere focuses more on art and music and which person is more creative?
A
Right hemisphere
11
Q
What hemisphere focuses more on science and math, good in reasoning and writing?
A
Left hemisphere
12
Q
Also known as the masters gland of endocrine system
A
pituitary gland
13
Q
Pituitary gland is connected to what part of the brain?
A
Hypothalamus
14
Q
Endocrine center if the brain
A
Hypothalamus
15
Q
Pituitary gland is derived from what brain vesicle?
A
Diencephalon
16
Q
Meninge that protects the Subarachnoid space
A
Arachnoid space
17
Q
Meninge that is closes to the brain
A
Pia mater
18
Q
What controls other endocrine gland?
A
Pituitary gland
19
Q
BQ. Main nutrients of the brain
A
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
20
Q
BQ. In between what Mininges the Subarachnoid space is found?
A
Arachnoid and Pia Matter
21
Q
Production site of CSF
A
Choroid plexus of the ventricles of brain
22
Q
What cell produces CSF?
A
Epindymal cells
23
Q
Location of CSF
A
Subarachnoid space
24
Q
What is the pathway of CSF?
A
Lateral ventricle >Foramen Monroe > Third ventricle > Aqueduct of SYLVIUS> Fourth ventricle > Foramen LUSCHKA (lateral) >Foramen Magendie (medial)
25
What procedure that aspirates the CSF?
Spinal tap
26
In doing spinal tap, tip of needle should be at what meninge?
Subarachnoid space
27
Is the functional unit of Nervous system
Neurons
28
Ventricle is for what?
production site
29
Amount of neurons in the body
86B-100 billion
30
The least cell that regenerates / incapable of mitosis
Neurons
31
Part of neurons that receives the information from the other neuron.
Dendrites
32
Part of neuron that contains the nucleus
Body
33
Other name for BODY
Soma
34
These are the ribosomal representation of the neurons
NISSL Bodies
35
Function of NISSL bodies
Protein synthesis
36
Part of neurons that carries the information AWAY from the body
Axon
37
Part of Axon that controls the firing of neurons
Axon hillocks
38
Fatty substance around the Axon for good conduction
MYELIN SHEATH
39
These are the gap of myelin Sheath.
Nodes of ranvier
40
The HAIR LIKE end part of the Axon
Axon terminal
41
Jumping of how many nodes of ranvier is made for fast conduction
2-3 nodes
42
Space between neurons
Synapse
43
Protein found in the synapse
Neurotransmitters
44
Most common neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine (Ach)
45
Types of nerve fibers base on the diameter of the Axon
Group A
Group B
Group C
46
Largest nerve fibers which is also a myelinated nerve that have the fastest conduction
Group A (large)
47
Nerve fiber for somatic motor
Group A- alpha
48
Nerve fiber for touch and pressure
GroupA Beta
49
Nerve fiber for SHARP PAIN, cold and touch
Group A- Delta
50
Nerve fiber for muscle spindle apparatus
Group A Gamma
51
NERVE FIBER present during Electric pulp test
Group A Delta
52
Nerve fiber most commonly found in Pre-Ganglionic Autonomic nervous system
Group B
53
Nerve fiber that is UNMYELINATED for slow pain and temperature sensation
Group C (small)
54
Most numerous nerve fibers
Group C (small)
55
Nerve fiber that is affected FIRST by anesthesia
Group C
56
Nerve fiber that is AFFECTED LAST by anesthesia
Group A
57
Is the conduction of nerve impulse in MYELINATED
Saltatory conduction
58
m/sec of saltatory conduction
120m/sec
59
Is the conduction of nerve impulse in UNMYELINATED
Continuous conduction
60
m/sec of continuous conduction
1.2m/sec
61
Nerve fibers present in the pulp
A-Delta and C-fiber
62
the support cells in nervous system and had the ability to regenerate
Neuroglia
63
amount of neuroglia in the body
84 billion
64
Neuroglia that helps to maintain
| Homeostasis
satellite
65
Neuroglia that produces CSF
Ependymal cells
66
Neuroglia that support the blood supply of the brain
Astrocytes
67
Produces myelin Sheath in the PNS
SCHWANN
68
Produces myelin Sheath in the CNS
Oligodendrocytes
69
Is made up of 31 Paired spinal nerves
Spinal cord
70
Spinal nerves originates from
medulla oblongata
71
Spinal nerves passes through what foramen?
Foramen magnum of occipital bone
72
Gray matter in spinal cord is located _____
| White matter _____
Gray- inner
| White- outer
73
Motor fiber part of spinal cord
Anterior or ventral horn
74
Sensory fiber of spinal cord
Dorsal/ Posterior horn
75
Spinal tracts of Spinal cord
```
Lateral spinothalamic
Anterior spinothalamic
Tectospinal
Vestibulospinal
Reticulospinal
```
76
Spinal tract for pain and temperature
Lateral spinothalamic
77
Spinal tract for touch and pressure
Anterior spinothalamic
78
Spinal tract for movement of the head
Tectospinal
79
spinal tract for equilibrium
Vestibulospinal
80
Spinal tract for muscle tone and sweat glands
Reticulospinal
81
What part of brain responsible for balance?
Cerebellum
82
Vertebrae contains ____typical, _____ Atypical
31 typical
| 2 atypical
83
A fibrocartilage found between the two vertebrae
Intervertebral disc
84
The articulating part of the vertebrae
Spinous process
85
The lateral projections for attachment of muscle and articulation of ribs
Transverse process
86
Transverse process is more prominent in what vertebrae?
Thoracic vertebrae
87
Passageway of Spinal nerves
Vertebral foramen
88
Vertebrae that supports the head
Cervical Vertebrae
89
Atlas connects to the occipital bone via?
Ligament Nuchae
90
Ligamentum nuchae runs from?
C1-C6
91
It contains Dens or Odontoid process "tooth-like" process
Axis
92
Vertebral artery enters C6 via what foramen?
Transverse foramen
93
Transverse foramen is present only in
C1 to C6
94
The most prominent in all vertebrae
C7
95
Vertebrae for the protection of heart and lungs
Thoracic vertebrae
96
Heart shaped vertebrae
Thoracic
97
vertebrae with no spinous process
C1
98
vertebrae with no intervertebral disc
C1 and C2
99
Vertebrae responsible for bearing the weight of the body
Lumbar
100
kidney shaped vertebrae
Lumbar
101
what vertebrae termination of spinal nerves occur
L2
102
Vertebrae where cauda equina arises
L3
103
Site for Spinal tap procedure
L4-L5
104
Bones that protects the spinal cord
Vertebrae
105
They are the movable vertebrae
C1 to L5
106
Reason why atlas and axis are very movable
absence of intervertebral disc
107
Fused 5 bones for forming the HIP joint
Sacrum
108
Fused 4 bones
Coccyx
109
What is C-1 fracture?
Jefferson's fracture
110
What is C-2 fracture?
Hangman fracture
111
What is Atlanto-occipital joint?
for nodding, saying yes, or for Vertical motion
112
What is Atlanto-axial joint?
for saying No or horizontal motion
113
Vertebrae that are Concave
Cervical and Lumbar
114
Vertebrae that are Convex
Thoracic and Sacrum
115
structure present in AXIS that is responsible for saying NO
Dens
116
Abnormal lateral (side to side) curve of the spine
Scoliosis
117
Abnormal front to back curve of the spine
Kyphosis
118
Vertebrae affected by Kyphosis
Thoracic
119
other term for kyphosis
Hunchback
120
Abnormal curve with no regular pattern
Lordosis
121
Vertebrae affected by Lordosis
Lumbar
122
other terms for Lordosis
Swayback, kyphoscoliosis
123
Between what vertebrae SLIPPED DISC commonly occurs
LumboSacral
124
Appliance for scoliosis
Milwaukee brace
125
inflammation of bone
Ankylosis
126
Inflammation of spine
Spondylitis
127
Disease that mainly affects the spine
Marie-Strumpell disease
128
other name for Marie - strumpell disease
Ankylosing spondylitis
129
BQ. Marie-Strumpell disease affects what bone?
Spine
130
System that is associated with the voluntary control of the body via skeletal muscles
Somatic Nervous System
131
Last foramen where vertebral artery passes through
Foramen magnum
132
Reflexes involving Cranial nerves
```
Pupillary Light Reflex
Accomodation
Jaw-jerk reflex
Corneal reflex
Glabellar reflex
Gag reflex
```
133
cranial nerve responsible for Gag reflex
sensory - IX and motor - X
134
Cranial nerve responsible for Pupillary Light Reflex
S-II
| M-III
135
Cranial nerve responsible for Jaw - Jerk reflex
S- V
| M- V
136
Cranial nerves responsible for Corneal reflex
S- V1
| M- VII
137
Cranial nerves responsible for Glabellar reflex
S- V
| M- VII
138
C-1 is in level with what structure?
hard palate
139
C-2 is in level with what structures
Occluded Mx and Mn teeth
140
C3 is in level with what structure?
mandible or Hyoid bone
141
level of what vertebra, the carotid artery bifurcates
C4
142
vertebra in level with Thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple)
C5
143
Level of what vertebra the esophagus starts
C6
144
Most inferior portion of trachea
Carina
145
Carina and sternal angle are in level of what vertebra
T4
146
Diaphragm is for inspiration or expiration?
inspiration
147
T8 is on level of what opening in the diaphragm
Caval opening
148
structure that passes to the caval opening
Inferior vena cava
149
T10 is in level of what opening of the diaphragm?
Esophageal
150
T 12 is in level of what opening in the diaphragm
Aortic opening
