Skeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
Is the functional unit of skeletal system
A
Osteon/ Haversian system
2
Q
How many bones present in infant?
in adult?
A
Infant- 305
Adult - 206
3
Q
Amount of calcium found in bones
A
90-99%
4
Q
Calcium is mainly absorbed in what organ?
A
Intestines
5
Q
Reason why there is reduced amount of bones in adult compared to children.
A
Ossification of hyaline cartilages in between bone resulting to fusion of some bones
6
Q
The mature cells that produces the BONE
A
Osteocyte
7
Q
The immature cells that produces the BONE MATRIX
A
Osteoblast
8
Q
The only multi-nucleated giant cell that destroys the bone
A
Osteoclast
9
Q
What components are present in BONE MATRIX?
A
COLLAGEN TYPE 1
HYDROXYAPATITE
10
Q
Hydroxyapatite crystals is the result of what minerals?
A
Calcium + Phosphate
11
Q
Houses osteocyte and osteoblast except osteoclast.
A
Lacuna/Lacunae
12
Q
Houses the osteoCLAST
A
Howship’s lacunae
13
Q
Howship’s may refer to?
A
Multinucleated giant cell
14
Q
It is the lifelong process where mature bone tissue is removed and replaced by new bone
A
Bone Remodelling
15
Q
It is the process of REMOVING bone need to be remodeled.
A
Resorption
16
Q
It is the process of producing NEW BONE MATRIX
A
Ossification
17
Q
Bone remodeling involves what cells?
A
OsteoBLAST and OsteoCLAST
18
Q
Type of bone that mainly contributes in GROWTH
A
Long bones
19
Q
Examples of bone that belongs to LONG BONE
A
Humerus Ulna Radius Femur Tibia Fibula Metacarpals Metatarsals and Phalanges
20
Q
Shaft of Long bones is called?
A
Diaphysis
21
Q
Found between Diaphysis and Epiphysis
A
Metaphysis
22
Q
Proximal and distal that marks the growth of the long bone
A
Epiphysis
23
Q
What serves as the main site in growth?
A
Epiphysis
24
Q
Hormone involve in growth
A
Somatotropin/GH
25
What process marks the end of growth?
Closure of EPIPHYSEAL PLATE
26
Examples of SHORT BONES
carpals and tarsals
27
Examples of FLAT BONE
ilium, scapula sternum and ribs
28
Examples of IRREGULAR BONE
Vertebrae, Facial bones, sphenoid, temporal and ethmoid
29
Type of bone that is incorporated to a tendon of a muscle.
Sesamoid
30
Example of sesamoid bone
Patella
31
Muscle to bone attachment made up of dense regular connective tissue.
Tendons
32
Bone to bone attachment forming a JOINT
Ligaments
33
Two divisions of the skeletal system.
Axial
| Appendicular
34
How many axial bones present in the human body?
80
35
How many Appendicular bone present in the human body?
126
36
Skull includes how many bones in adult and in children?
22- adult
| 45 infant
37
Axial bones include what bones?
Skull and Thorax
38
Appendicuar bones includes?
the extremities
39
What are the PAIRED cranial bones?
Parietal
| Temporal
40
What are the UNPAIRED cranial bones?
Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Occipital
41
Bones present in the ANTERIOR division of the cranial fossa.
Frontal
Ethmoid
LESSER wing of sphenoid
42
Structures seen in the ANTERIOR division of the cranial fossa.
Foramen Caecum
| Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
43
What vein passes through the foramen caecum?.
Emissary vein from nose to sagittal sinus
44
Caecum alone refers to?
first part of the large intestine
45
Foramen caecum may be seen in two areas
Cranial base
| sulcus terminalis of the tongue
46
What separates anterior and middle cranial fossa?
SPHENOID RIDGE
47
It is considered as the BUSIEST fossa.
Middle cranial fossa
48
Bones present int he Middle cranial fossa
GREATER wing of sphenoid bone
| PETROUS portion of temporal bone
49
Structures seen in the middle cranial fossa
```
Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure (SOF)
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Foramen lacerum
Carotid canal
```
50
What structure passes through Foramen spinosum?
Middle meningeal artery
Emissary vein
Nervous spinosus
51
Middle meningeal artery arises from?
Maxillary artery
52
Structures that passes through foramen LACERUM
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Emissary vein
Internal carotid artery (ICA)
Greater petrosal nerve
53
What passes through carotid canal?
Small branches of ICA
54
What structure separates Middle and Posterior cranial fossae?
Petrous portion of Temporal bone
55
Which of the following structure is located most anteriorly?
A. Foramen Lacerum
B. Foramen Ovale
C. Foramen Magnum
D. Foramen Foramen spinosum
B. Foramen Ovale
56
Bones present in the Posterior portion
Occipital
| Temporal bone
57
Structures seen in the posterior cranial fossa
Internal acoustic meatus
Jugular foramen
Hypoglossal canal
Foramen magnum
58
What passes through foramen magnum?
Medulla oblongata
Spinal nerves
vertebral artery
59
Cranial sutures are made up of what type of cartilage.
Fibrous cartilage
60
Coronal suture is found between what bones?
Frontal and Parietal
61
Sagittal suture is found between what bones?
Left and right parietal bones
62
Lamdoidal sutures is found between what bones?
Parietal and Occipital
63
Suture found between two FRONTALS
Metopic
64
Suture found between Parietal and Temporal.
Squamosal suture
65
Cartilage present in metopic suture
Hyaline cartilage
66
Suture found between sphenoid and temporal
Sphenosquamosal suture
67
Highest point of skull
Vertex
68
Metopic is found in what bone?
Frontal bone
69
Which of the following bones not part of coronal suture?
A. Frontal bone
B. Left Parietal
C. Right Parietal
D. Temporal
D. Temporal
70
Soft spot of the skull
Fontanelles
71
Fontanelle found on the anterior portion of the skull and is diamond-shaped?
Bregma
72
Fontanelle found on the posterior portion of the skull and is triangular-shaped
Lambda
73
Bregma closes after how many months after birth?
18-24 months
74
Lambda closes after how many months after birth?
2-4 months
75
Growth center in the anterior portion of the skull?
Bregma
76
What is Pterion?
Point of skull where Frontal, Parietal, Temporal and Sphenoid bone meet
77
What is Asterion?
Point of skull where Parietal, Occipital and Temporal meet.
78
What are the sutures that form the Asterion?
Parietomastoid suture
Occipitomastoid suture
Lamdoidal suture
79
What are the paired Facial bones?
```
Nasal
Maxillae
Lacrimal
Zygomatic
Palatine
Inferior nasal conchae
```
80
What are the UNPAIRED facial bone?
Vomer
| Mandible
81
The only bone without articulation.
Hyoid bone
82
Hyoid bone is also known as?
Hanging bone
83
Shape of hyoid bone.
U-shaped
84
Bone found in the PETROUS portion of the TEMPORAL BONE.
Ossicle (3)
85
How many vertebrae in the human body?
33 or 26
86
Thorax include what bones
Manubrium
Sternum
Ribs
87
Joins the clavicle and body of the sternum
Manubrium
88
Manubrium and sternum is joined by?
Sternal angle or Angle of Louis
89
Other name for Sternum
Breast bone
90
Serves as the attachment of ribs
Sternum
91
The most fragile part of Sternum
Xiphoid
92
Part of Sternum mos important during CPR
Body
93
How many pairs of TRUE RIBS?
7
94
Number of FALSE RIBS
5 pairs
95
What bones consists the roof of oral cavity?
Maxillary and Palatine bone
96
Most common fracture in the midface?
Zygomatic bone
97
2nd most common facial fracture
Neck of mandibular condyle (subcondylar)
98
Ribs 8,9, and 10 are attached to?
7th rib
99
11th ribs are attached to?
10th rib
100
12th ribs are attached to?
11th rib
101
Why is the first 7 ribs considered as True Ribs?
Attached to sternum
102
Is the only rib that cannot be palpated.
1st rib
103
Rib palpated accurately in the Sternal angle
2nd rib
104
It is the location of the base of the heart
2nd intercostal space
105
It is the location of the Apex of the heart
5th intercostal space
106
It is the location of Thoracocentesis.
7th intercostal space
107
What chamber mainly forms the base of the heart?
Left Atrium
108
What chamber mainly forms the APEX of the heart?
Left Ventricle
109
What is THORACOCENTESIS?
Draining of fluid from the lungs such as in PNEUMONIA
110
What part of Upper extremities is formed by the scapula and clavicle?
Shoulder girdle
111
What part of upper extremities is formed by scapula and humerus?
Shoulder Joint
112
Other name for Scapula?
Shoulder blade
113
Scapula articulates with humerus via?
Glenohumeral joint
114
Scapula articulates with clavicle via?
Acromioclavicular joint
115
Also known as collar bone.
Clavicle
116
The most common fracture in the whole body
Clavicle
117
Part of clavicle prone to fracture
Midclavicular or Body
118
It is the first bone to calcify.
Clavicle
119
Also known as funny bone
Humerus
120
Part of humerus that articulates with the ulna
Trochlear
121
Part of humerus that articulates with the radius
Capitulum
122
Structure in humerus located on the posterior area.
Olecranon fossa
123
What muscle inserts to the olecranon fossa?
Biceps brachii
124
Ulna is ___ to radius.
Medial
125
Ulna is connected to radius via?
Intraosseous membrane/ ligament
126
compared to Ulna, Radius is more?
shorter and smaller
127
Fracture in radius is called?
Colle's fracture
128
Carpal bones articulates with what bone?
Radius
129
How many carpal bones?
8
130
What are the PROXIMALS carpal bones
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrium
Pisiform
131
What are the Distals of carpal bones
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
132
This carpal bone is the most lateral
Scaphoid
133
The most medial carpal bone
Pisiform
134
Carpal bone that connects to 1st and 2nd metacarpals
Trapezium
135
Carpal bone that connects to 2nd metacarpals
Trapezoid
136
Carpal bone that connects to the 3rd and 4th metacarapals
Capitate
137
Carpal bone that connects to the 4th and 5th metacarpal
Hamate
138
Carpal bone most common to dislocation?
Lunate
139
Carpal bone that is most common to fracture
Scaphoid
140
Carpal bone that is the largest
Capitate
141
The smallest carpal bone
Pisiform
142
Other name for phalanges
Digital bone
143
Bones of the fingers
Phalanges
144
Parts of phalanges.
Proximal
Middle
Distal
145
Nerve that innervates the thumb, index, middle and half of the ring finger.
Median nerve
146
Other term for median nerve
Laborer's nerve
147
Innervates half of the ring finger and pinkie finger.
Ulnar nerver
148
Other name for Ulnar nerve
Musician's nerve
149
Nerve responsible for tight fist
Radial nerve
150
Other name for Radial nerve
Greater extensor nerve
151
Nerve affected in Carpal-Tunnel syndrome
Median nerve
152
What is the other name of the thumb?
Thenar
153
Hypothenar refers to?
Pinky finger
154
Lower extremity formed by sacrum, coccyx and hip bones
Pelvic girdle
155
Lower extremity formed by acetabulum and femur
Hip joint
156
Other name for pelvis
Hip bone
157
The uppermost and largest pelvic bone
Ilium
158
The lowest and back part of the hip
Ischium
159
Pelvic bone more prominent in female
pubis
160
part of pelvis the articulates with the femur
Acetabulum
161
Pelvic bone most common in bone graft
Ilium
162
The longest and strongest bone.
Femur
163
Femur articulates with Patella and Tibia to form what joint?
Knee joint
164
Bone most commonly affected by osteosarcoma
Femur
165
The largest sesamoid bone
Patella
166
Shin refers to?
Tibia
167
Calf refers to what bone?
Fibula
168
Tibia is ____ to fibula
Medial
169
Compared to Fibula, Tibia is more?
longer and larger
170
The most superior tarsal that articulates with Tibia forming ankle joint
Talus
171
The largest proximal tarsal bone
Calcaneus
172
Alsoknown as heel bone
Calcaneus
173
Intermediate tarsal bone that articulates with talus
Navicular
174
Distal tarsal bone that is themost lateral and articuates with calcaneus
CUBOID
175
The wedges shaped tarsalbone that articulates with Navicular
Cuneiform
176
How many metatarsals?
| phalanges?
5 metatarsal
| 14 phalanges
177
A union of bone via ligament or fibrocartilage into a functional whole.
JOINTS
178
Part of a joint that secretes synovial fluid for lubrication.
Synovial membrane
179
A fluid filled sacs that helps cushion the friction of the joint.
BURSA
180
Main nutrient of the joint,
Synovial fluid
181
A non-movable joint
Synarthroses
182
Example of synchondroses
Manubrium
183
Example of synostoses
Cranial suture
184
A slightly movable joint
Amphiarthroses
185
Sydesmoses type of joint is seen in?
Radius-ulna
| Tibia-fibula
186
Attachment apparatus of the tooth socket
Gomphoses
187
A freely movable joint
Diarthroses
188
What is the most movable joint?
Shoulder joint
189
Whatis the largest joint?
Knee joint
190
What is the "unhappy triad" injury?
Injury of the knee joint.
191
Structures involved in "unhappy triad" injury.
Anterior cruciate ligament
Medial collateral ligament
Medial meniscus
