Muscular Sytem Flashcards
(187 cards)
1
Q
It is the functional unit of a muscle
A
muscle Fiber
2
Q
Contractions of muscles depends on
A
Myofilaments
3
Q
T/F: All types of muscles have unlimited capacity of regeneration.
A
False - Limited
4
Q
functions of muscular system
A
Movement
Maintenance of posture
Stabilize the joint
Generation of heat
5
Q
Least function of muscular sytem
A
Generation of heat
6
Q
Types of Muscles
A
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
7
Q
How many skeletal muscles in the human body?
A
650 skeletal muscles
8
Q
Muscle that has the fastest muscle contraction activity.
A
Skeletal muscle
9
Q
Skeletal muscle characteristics
A
Voluntary
Striated
Incapable of mitosis
10
Q
What does striations in the muscle means?
A
Arrangement of myofilaments in the microscope.
11
Q
Types of Skeletal fibers
A
Fast (white) fiber
Slow (Red) fiber
12
Q
Large muscle fiber that relies on GLYCOGEN to become ATP
A
Fast Fiber (white)
13
Q
Small muscle fiber that relies on MYOGLOBIN
A
Slow fiber (red)
14
Q
White fibers has _____ blood supply
Red fibers has _____ blood supply
A
less
more
15
Q
What is Myoglobin?
A
protein that caries oxygen to muscles
16
Q
What is oxidatove phosphorylation?
A
Mitochondria uses oxygen to produce ATP
17
Q
What cell organelle responsible for ATP production?
A
Mitochondria
18
Q
It is the contractual unit of skeletal muscle.
A
Sarcomere
19
Q
Where can you find sarcomere?
A
Myofilament
20
Q
What are the two myofilaments?
A
Action and Myosin
21
Q
What structure in the sarcomere that attached the myosin to Z-line?
A
Titin
22
Q
What is needed in order for the myosin head to contract ?
A
ATP to ADP
23
Q
ATP formula upon reaching in the myosin head for it to be used in contraction
A
ADP + Phosphate
24
Q
What is needed in order for Acton to contact?
A
Calcium
25
Responsible for bridging effect
Myosin
26
Where does calcium comes from ?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
27
What structure does calcium binds in order for the ACTIN in SKELETAL and CARDIAC muscles to contact?
TROPONIN C
28
What structure does calcium binds in order for the ACTIN in SMOOTH muscles to contact?
Calmodulin
29
I BAND contains what filaments?
Thin filaments
30
A-band contains what filaments?
Thick and thin
31
H band contains what filaments?
Thick
32
Line located in the middle of sarcomere
M-line
33
The MINIATURE END PLATE POTENTIALS is for?
The release of subthreshold amount of acetylcholine
34
What are the two colours of the skeletal muscles?
Red and White
35
What is the longest muscle?
Sartorius (thigh muscle)
36
What is the largest muscle?
Gluteus maximus
37
What is the shortest muscle?
Stapedius
38
What is the smallest muscle?
Arrector pili muscle
39
This muscle is mainly found in the visceral organs
Smooth muscle
40
True or false. Sorry muscle has the longest muscle contraction activity.
True
41
Characteristics of smooth muscles?
Involuntary,
Non Striated and
capable of mitosis
42
Visceral organs refers to?
Internal organs
43
True or false. In non Striated muscle,cells are located in the center.
Falls - cells at periphery
44
In cardiac musles, its nucleus is located
centrally or peripherally?
Central
45
Characteristics of Cardiac musles
Involuntary, Striated, Incapable of mitosis
46
These are the areas of communication of cardiac cells
Gap junctions
47
This allows electric current to travel through cardiac cells
Intercalated discs
48
Muscles of mastication
Temporalis
Internal pterygoid
Masseter
External pterygoid
49
Fan shaped muscle of mastication with 3 fibres
Temporalis
50
Part of Temporalis muscle responsible for elevation of mandible
Anterior and Middle
51
Part of Temporalis muscle responsible for retraction
Posterior
52
Main fiber in temporalis muscle
Posterior fiber
53
Main action is Temporalis muscle
Retraction
54
Temporalis muscle
origin ______
Insertion _____
Floor of temporal fossa
| Coronoid processes
55
The only muscle that insets to the Coronoid process
Temporalis muscle
56
True or false. Temporalis muscle contract bilaterally to retract mandible
True
57
How many mm to consider Normal retraction of Maldini
1mm
58
Main muscle is mastication that elevates the mandible
Internal pterygoid muscle
59
Actions of Medial pterygoid
Elevation and protrusion of mandible
60
2 muscles of mastication that work together in protruding the mandible
Internal and External pterygoid
61
Medial Pterygoid muscle
origin____
insertion____
O:Medial surface of the lateral plate of sphenoid bone
I:Medial aspect of Ramus of the Mandible
62
Muscle commonly affected by trismus
Medial pterygoid
63
what is trismus?
Muscle spasm (muscle that is not fully contracted)
64
What is the sign of trismus?
Difficulty in opening the mouth
65
What causes trismus?
Multiple insertion of needle during IAN block
66
Strongest muscle
Masseter
67
Other name for masseter muscle
Quadrilateral
68
Why masseter is considered the strongest?
Multipennate muscle (multiple tendon attachments)
69
Actions masseter muscle?
Clenching and Elevation of Mandible
70
Main action masseter muscle
Clenching
71
Origin and Insertion of Masseter muscle
Origin: Zygoomatic process
Insertion:Lateral aspect of the Ramus of mandible
72
Muscles that forms the SLING muscle of mandible?
Medial pterygoid and Masseter
73
Other name for External pterygoid muscle
Lateral pterygoid
74
Actions of External pterygoid
Depressing the mandible
protrusion
lateral excursion
75
Other term for lateral excursion
Bennett movement
76
Main action of external pterygoid muscle
Depressing the mandible
77
Origin and Insertion of Lateral pterygoid
Origin: LATERAL surface of the LATERAL PLATE of sphenoid bone
Insertion: Meniscus and neck of the condyle
78
Mandibular fossa is found on what bone?
Temporal bone
79
Muscle that inserts to the TMJ?
External pterygoid muscle
80
What are the muscles that elevates the mandible?
Temporalis
Internal pterygoid
Masseter
81
What are the muscles that depresses the mandible?
Lateral pterygoid
Anterior belly of digastric muscle
Geniohyoid
82
The main muscle that depresses the mandible
Anterior belly of digastric muscle
83
The main muscle of mastication that depresses the mandible
Lateral pterygoid muscle
84
The strongest muscle of mastication
MASSETER
85
The prime mover of the mandible
LATERAL PTERYGOID
86
The subsidiary muscle of mandible
BUCCINATOR
87
This is the HANGING BONE
Hyoid bone
88
What are the two divisions of muscles in hyoid bone?
SUPRAHYOID
| INFRAHYOID
89
Main function of SUPRAHYOID muscles
Depress the mandible
90
What are the muscles in SURHYOID and innervations
```
Geniohyoid - XII
Stylohyoid - VII
Mylohyoid - V3
Digastric- Anterior (mylohyoid nerve V3)
and posterior (digastric branch VII)
```
91
Also known as STRAP muscle
INFRAHYOID muscle
92
Functions of INfrahyoid muscles
Depress the hyoid and elevate the larynx
93
What are the muscles in INFRAHYOID and innervated by?
innervated by: ANSA CERVICALIS (C1-C3) except thyrohyoid
Thyrohyoid (1st cervical via Hypoglossal)
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
94
Which of the following cranial bone the suprahyoid originates?
Temporal
95
Main muscle that depresses the mandible
A. muscle of mastication
B. suprahyoid
A. suprahyoid
Ant. digastric belongs to SUPRAHYOID
96
Suprahyoid is innervated by?
V3, VII and XII
97
Muscles that forms the FLOOR of the mouth
Mylohyoid and Geniohyoid
98
What are the muscles of Soft palate?
```
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Levator veli palitini
Tensor veli palatini
Uvula
```
99
Muscle of the soft palate that elevates the tongue? innervated by?
Palatoglossus - Vagus nerve
100
Muscle of soft palate that depresses the velum? innervated by?
Palatopharyngeus - X
101
Muscle that shortens the velum? innervated by?
Uvula- X
102
Other name for Uvula
Muscularis uvula
103
Muscle that forms the Passavant's ridge (bar)
Palatopharyngeus
104
Function of Passavant's ridge
Shuts the nasal cavity or nasopharynx during deglution
105
What muscle forms the tonsillar crypts
Anteriorly?
Posteriorly?
Anteriorly- Palatoglossus
| Posteriorly- Palatopharyngeus
106
What muscles prevent the food from going into the nasopharynx?
Levator and Tensor veli palitini
107
What are the muscles of the pharynx?
Constrictor pharyngeal
Stylopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
108
muscle that forms the pterygomandibular raphe, medially
Superior constrictor pharyngeal muscle
109
Forms the pterygomandibular raphe, laterally
Buccinator
110
A triangular tissue found in the mandible
Pterygomandibluar raphe
111
Muscle of pharynx that is attached to hyoid bone
Middle constrictor pharyngeal muscle
112
Pharyngeal muscle connected to CRICOPHARYNGEUS muscle
Inferior constrictor pharyngeal muscle
113
What is Cricopharyngeus muscle for?
Shuts the esppohagus during inhalation
114
Muscle that elevates the larynx and pharynx
Stylopharyngeus - IX
115
Opens the auditory tube
Salpingopharyngeus
116
The only muscle of the pharynx not included in swallowing
Salpingopharyngeus
117
Which muscle is not innervated by X
Stylopharyngeus
118
What are the muscles of the Larynx?
```
CRICOTHYROID
THYROARYTENOID
POSTERIOR CRICOARYTENOID
LATERAL CRICOARYTENOID
TRANSVERSE and OBLIQUE ARYTENOIDS
```
119
Function of Larynx
for PHONATION
120
Larynx is also known as
Voicebox - produces sound
121
Laryngeal muscle that tenses the vocal cords for forceful voice
Cricoarytenoid
122
Laryngeal muscle that relaxes the vocal cords for softer voice (whispper)
Thyroarytenoid
123
Sole ABDUCTOR of the musclesof larynx
Post. cricoarytenoid
124
Sole ADDUCTOR of the muscles of larynx
Lateral cricoarytenoid
125
Laryngeal muscle that narrows the laryngeal inlet
Transverse and Oblique Arytenoids
126
What are the mechanism of speech?
Breathing
Phonation
Resonation
Articulation
127
Takes place when voice is produced in speaking of as the expiratory air stream from the lungs goes up through the trachea to the larynx
Phonation
128
It is the process of voice amplification and modification
Resonation
129
It is the process of pronouncing the sound clearly
Articulation
130
It is the only muscle of the larynx innervated by Superior laryngeal nerve of X
Cricothyroid
131
Muscles of the Larynx except cricothyroid are innervated by what nerve?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve of X
132
This nerve wraps around the LIGAMENTUM ARTERIOSUM
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
133
This nerve wraps around the RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve
134
What are the UNPAIRED catilages of the LARYNX?
Epiglottis
Thyroid
Cricoid
135
What are the paired cartilages of the larynx?
Arytenoid
Cuneiform
Corniculate
136
It is the opening of trachea for emergency situation to open the airways.
Tracheostomy
137
The leaf like cartilage.
Epiglottis
138
Adam's apple
Thyroid
139
Esophagus is ___ to trachea.
A. anterior
B. posterior
Posterior
140
Cartilage most commonly pierced in muscular triangle
Cricothyroid cartilage
141
Kind of voice present in laryngospams
Stridor voice
142
Drug for laryngospams
Succinylcholine (muscle relaxant) - IV injection
143
Cricoid cartilage is also known as
Signet ring Cartilage
144
What are the principal muscles for INSPIRATION?
Diaphragm
| External intercostalis
145
What is the main muscle for inspiration?
Diaphragm
146
What are the accessory muscle for inspiration?
Sternocleidomastoid
Scalene
Pectoralis Minor
147
Principal muscles for inspiration are used only when?
normal breathing
148
Accessory muscles for inspiration are used during?
Heavy breathing
149
What are the muscles for EXPIRATION?
Internal intercostalis
| Abdominal muscles
150
Whatare the abdminal muscles used during expiration?
Rectus abdominis muscle
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominis
151
Yes or No. Are there muscles involve during normal expiration?
No
152
Belt-like or strap like muscle
Rectus abdominis muscle
153
Muscles responisble for moving the arm
Rotator cuff muscles
154
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
```
Supraspinatus
Deltoid
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
```
155
Prime mover of the rotator cuff muscles
Infraspinatus
156
Rotator cuff muscle that initiates ABDUCTION for 15degrees. Also, this muscle is innervated by?
Supraspinatus- Suprascapular nerve
157
Rotator cuff muscle that is the main muscle for ABDUCTION about 120-150 degrees. Also, this muscle is innervated by?
Deltoid - Axillary nerve
158
Rotator cuff muscle that initiates ADDUCTION.Also, this muscle is innervated by?
Infraspinatus- Suprascapular nerve
159
Rotator cuff muscle that rotates the arm LATERALLY. Innervated by?
Teres minor-Axillary nerve
160
Rotator cuff muscle that rotates the arm MEDIALLY.
Subscapularis- Subscapular nerve
161
What are the FLEXOR muscles of the forearm?
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Biceps brachii
162
Main flexor muscle of the forearm
Biceps brachii
163
Extensor muscles of the forearm
Triceps brachii
| Anconeus
164
The principal extensor of the forearm is?
Triceps brachii
165
What are the compartments present in the thigh?
Anterior
Posterior
Medial
166
Other name for the Anterior compartment in the thigh?
Quadriceps femoris
167
Musles in the Quadriceps femoris.
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus Intermedius
Vastus Lateralis
168
What nerve innervates the Anterior compartment of the thigh?
Femoral nerve
169
Other name for the posterior compartment of the thigh
Hamstring muscle
170
What are the Hamstrings muscles?
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris
171
Other name for the medial compartment of the thigh?
Adductors
172
What are the ADDUCTORS in the thigh?
Adductor brevis
Adductor Longus
Adductor Magnus
173
Nerve that supply or passes through the Hamstring muscles?
Sciatic nerve
174
Longest nerve in the body?
Sciatic nerve
175
What compartment not present in the thigh?
LATERAL COMPARTMENT
176
What compartment occupies the lateral compartment of the thigh?
Anterior compartment
177
Compartment that is the location for IM injections
Quadriceps femoris
178
Anterior compartment muscle most common involve in IM injections?
Vastus Lateralis
179
What muscle runs in ANTERIOR compartment?
Sartorius muscle
180
Main nerve that innervates the lower extremities.
Sciatic nerve
181
Boundaries of FEMORAL triangle
Lateral - sartorius
Superior - Inguinal ligament
Medial - Adductor longus
Floor- Pectinues muscle
182
What structures present in the femoral triangle?
Femoral nerve, Artery and Vein
183
What is Swimmer's muscle?
Latissimus dorsi - Thoracolumbar nerve
184
What is Boxer's muscle?
Serratus anterior
185
Tailor's muscle?
Sarotius muscle
186
Trumpeter's muscle?
Buccinator muscle
187
Common site for IM injection in children?
Vastus lateralis
