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Dental Boards Review > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

The study of microanatomy of cells, tissues and organs

A

Histology

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2
Q

Units of measurements in microscopy

A

Angstrom
Micrometer
Micron

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3
Q

The father of Microscopic Anatomy and Histology

A

Marcello Malphigi

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4
Q

He discovered the microscope

A

Leeuwen Hoek

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5
Q

It is the basic structural unit of life

A

Cell

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6
Q

Differences between prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

A

Prokaryotic- no true nucleus, found in bacteria, cell membrane not defined, Binary fission and contains one copy of each gene- Haploid

Eukaryotic- True nucleus, found in Animal, Plant, Fungi, and unicellular organisms, defined cell membrane, undergoes Meiosis and Mitosis

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7
Q

First growth phase of the cell

A

G1 Phase

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8
Q

Dna synthesis where TWO sister chromatids are produced

A

S- phase

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9
Q

Second growth phase of the cell

A

G2 Phase

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10
Q

preparation or resting phase for MITOSIS

A

Interphase

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11
Q

Majority of life cells are in what phase?

A

Interphase

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12
Q

Phase where in chromosome condense and become visible “PAIR UP”

A

Prophase

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13
Q

Phase where mitotic spindle apparatus forms at the opposite poles of the cell.

A

Prophase

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14
Q

Mitotic spindle is made up of?

A

MICROTUBULE

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15
Q

Chromosome checkpoint

A

Metaphase

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16
Q

Phase where chromosome align at the equatrial plate and held in place by microtubules.

A

Metaphase

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17
Q

Phase where sister chromatids and centromere separate and move toward the oppsite poles

A

Anaphase

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18
Q

phase when daughter chromosomes arrive at the poles and microtubules disappear.

A

Telophase

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19
Q

Phase where the last stage of Mitosis when there is Cleavage furrow

A

Cytokinesis

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20
Q

Chromosome with shorter arm

A

P- arm

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21
Q

Chromosome with longer arm

A

Q-arm

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22
Q

Pat of a cell that is made up of semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer

A

Cell membrane

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23
Q

Cell membrane is also known as

A

Plasma membrane / Cytoplasmic membrane

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24
Q

The major constituents of cell membrane

A

Lipid and Proteins

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25
The major Non-Phospholipid constituent of cell membrane
Cholesterol
26
The fluid found inside the cell where organelles are suspended
Cytoplasm
27
These are tiny cellular structures that perform specific functions within a cell and are embedded within the cytoplasm
Organelle
28
A double membrane organelle containing the genetic information carried by DNA
Nucleus
29
Contains RNA for ribosomal synthesis (rRNA)
Nucleolus
30
a double membrane orhganelle that is the powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondira
31
ATP production in mitochondira is?
KREBS CYCLE
32
ATP becomes ADP via?
Oxidative phosphorylation
33
It is the lipid that participates in mitchondira electron transport.
Ubiquinone
34
Organelle that contain ribosome for protein synthesis
Rough (granular) endoplasmic reticulum
35
Rough ER is most abundant in what organ?
Thyroid gland
36
Organelle that has no ribosome but for lipid and glycogen synthesis also for DRUG DETOXIFICATION
Smooth ER
37
Smooth ER is most abundant in what organ?
LIVER
38
A non-membrane organelle for protein synthesis, also known as protein factory
Ribosome
39
The packaging molecule of the cell that contain secretory vesicles and curved, flattened CISTERNAE parallel to each other.
Golgi apparatus
40
Digestive system of the cell that contains hyrdolytic enzymes responsible for degradation
Lysosome
41
2 hydrolytic enzyme of lysosome
Creatine kinase | Lactate dehydrogenase
42
The only cell not necessary for cell matabolism
Lysosome
43
Organelle for breakdown of toxic products in the cell
Peroxisome
44
Organelle that acts as the framework to support the organelles
Cytoskeleton
45
Composition of cytoskeleton for absorption
Microvilli | Stereocilia
46
Composition of cytoskeleton for motility, contains AXONEME and has 9+2 arangement
Cilia
47
What is a tissue?
Formed by the cells of the body
48
Four basic types of tissue
Epithelial Connective Muscular Nervous
49
Types of epithelial tissue and function
Squamous- for diffusion, lining, protection Cuboidal- storage and absorption Columnar- secretion
50
Structure lined with simple squamous
Endothelial lining of blood vessel Thin segment of ascending loop of henle Alveoli of lungs
51
Structure lined with simple stratified
Epidermis oral mucosa esophagus vagina
52
Structures lined with simple cuboidal
Thyroid follicle ducts of glands except Parotid Kidneys except thin segment
53
Structures lined with stratified cuboidal
sweat gland ducts
54
Structures lined with simple ciliated columnar
Fallopian tube
55
Structures lined with simple non-ciliated columnar
cells of gallbladder | intestines
56
Structures lined with stratified columnar
STENSEN's duct
57
Structures lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar
Trachea and upper respiratory tract | Sinus
58
Structures lined with pseudostratified non-ciliated cilumnar
Other female reproductive tract
59
Structures lined with transitional
Ureters Urinary bladder Intestines
60
Tissue that binds and support other tissues
Connective tissue
61
Connective tissue contains?
``` Contains blood bone connective tissue proper adipose cartilages ```
62
Type of connective junctions of cell act as barrier in the body
Zona occludens
63
Other name for zona occludens
Sealing strands
64
Type of connective junctions of cell that serve as attachment of adjacent epithelial cells
Zona adherens
65
Other name for Zona adherens
Hemidesmosome
66
Type of connective junctions of cell that hold the same type of cell together
Macula adherens
67
Other name for macula adherens
Desmosome
68
Type of connective junctions of cell that act as communicaation between adjacent cells
Gap junctions
69
The most abundant protein in the body, found in extracellular matrix.
Collagen
70
Extracellular matrix is found mostly in
Basement membrane
71
Type 1 collagen
``` Bone (mosrt) Dentin Fibrous cartilage Cementum (I and III) PDL (I and III) Pulp Alveolar bone Sclera ```
72
Type 2 collagen
Hyaline and Elastic cartilage
73
Type 3 collagen
Loose connective tissue Dermis (most abundant) Blood vessels
74
Type 4 collagen
Basement membrane
75
An avascular and a SPECIALIZED connective tissue proper
Cartilage
76
Hyaline cartilage mostly found in?
Ribs Nose Larynx Trachea
77
Fibrous cartilage mostly found in?
Intervertebral disc Joints Ligaments
78
Elastic cartilage mostly found in?
External ear Epiglottis Eustachian tube Larynx
79
A muscle to bone attachment made up of DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Tendon
80
A BONE TO BONE attachment
Ligament
81
Bone formation where in hyaline becomes bone
Endochondral ossification
82
Bone formation made entirely from bone
Intramembranous bone formation
83
These are the ground substances served as the important structure in connective tissue
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
84
Type of GAGs found in cartilage
Chondroitin sulfate
85
Type of GAGs found in cornea and loose connective tissue
Keratan sulfate
86
Type of GAGs found in basement membrane
Heparan sulfate
87
Type of GAGs found in skin and vascular tissues
Dermatan sulfate
88
Type of GAGs found in vitreous humor, synovial fluid and ECM
Hyaluronic acid
89
Type of tissue for locomotion
Muscular tissue
90
Types of muscle and its characteristics
Skeletal: voluntary, striated and ,ultinucleated Smooth: involuntary,, non-striated and uni-nucleated Cardiac: incoluntary, striated and uni-nucleated
91
Tissue for the response to stimuli and transmit impulse, has a high degree of conductivity and irritability
Nervous tissue

Dental Boards Review (34 decks)

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