Gastro-Intestinal System Flashcards
1
Q
Alimentary tract is?
A. It is a continuous tube extending from mouth to anus
B. It has accessory gland like pancreas, salivary glands, gall bladder
C. Digestion takes places at different site
D. Enzymes are involved in digestion of different food
E. All of the above
A
E. All of the above
2
Q
Organs derived from foregut
A
Esophagus stomach 1st part of duodenum Liver Pancreas Gall bladder
3
Q
Organs derived from midgut
A
Duodenum (2,3,4) Ileum Jejunum Appendix Cecum Ascending colon Transverse colon
4
Q
Organs derived from hidgut
A
Descending colon
Sigmoid
Rectum
5
Q
Layer of G.I.T that lines the lumen?
A
Mucosa
6
Q
Layer of Blood vessel that lines the lumen
A
Tunica intima
7
Q
Layer of G.I.T that contains MEISSNER’S PLEXUS
A
Submucosa
8
Q
Layer of G.I.T that is mainly made up of SMOOTH MUSCLE
A
Muscularis externa
9
Q
OLIC smooth muscle in muscularis externa
A
Outer-LONGITUDINAL
Inner- CIRCULAR
10
Q
Layer of G.I.T that forms the visceral peritoneum
A
Serosa
11
Q
This plexus controls the secretion of substances during digestion such as acid
A
Meissner’s plexus
12
Q
Layer of G.I.T that fights bacteria
A
MUCOSA
13
Q
Organs located in the UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT
A
LIVER gallbladder Duodenum HEAD of pancreas adrenal glands
14
Q
Organs located in the UPPER LEFT QUADRANT
A
STOMACH
SPLEEN
TAIL of pancreas
adrenal gland
15
Q
Organs located in the LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT
A
Fallopian tube ovary cecum APPENDIX ureter
16
Q
Organs located in the LOWER LEFT QUADRANT
A
Fallopian tube
Ovary
SIGMOID
Ureter
17
Q
organ that mainly occupies the upper right quadrant
A
LIVER
18
Q
What are the RETROPERITONEAL ORGANS?
A
Suprarenal glands Abdominal aorta Duodenum except 1st part Pancreas Ureters Colon (ascending and descending) Kidneys Esophagus Rectus (middle third)
19
Q
Phase that is initiated when receptors in the head are stimulated by sight, smell, taste, and chewing.
A
Cephalic phase
20
Q
Mediator of Cephalic phase
A
Vagus nerve
21
Q
Phase initiated by the reflexes found in the stomach
A
Gastric phase
22
Q
Mediator of Gastric phase
A
GASTRIN
23
Q
Reflexes found in the somach
A
Distention of stomach
Acidity
Amino acids
Peptides
24
Q
Phase initiated by stimuli in the intestinal tract.
A
Intestinal phase
25
Stimulus in the intestine that initiates intestinal phase
A. Distention of intestines
B. Osmolarity
C. Acidity of duodenum
26
Meidator of Intestinal phase
Secretin
CCK
GIP
27
First organ where digestion begins.
Oral cavity
28
BOLUS formation occurs where?
Oral cavity
29
What is a bolus?
Mixture of food and saliva
30
How many mL of air is swallowed during meal?
500mL
31
The only salivary gland involved in digestion
Parotid gland
32
Parotid gland helpsin digestion through
Secretion of AMYLASE and LIPASE
33
Amylase and lipase are produced by?
Pancreas (head)
34
Other name for submaxillary gland
Submandibular gland
35
What are the MAJOR salivary gland
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
36
A 20cm long tube lined withNON-KERATINIZED STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
Esophagus
37
Upper third of esphagus is made up of?
Skeletal muscle
38
Middle third of esophagus composed of?
Skeletal and Smooth muscle
39
Lower third of esophagus is composed of?
Smooth muscle only
40
Muscle present in the upper third of esophagus
Cricopharyngeus
41
Muscle that opens the esophagus when swallowing
Cricopharyngeus
42
What is the difference of each portion of the esophagus?
Variations of muscle
43
A sac-like organ lined with SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
STOMACH
44
Part of stomach nearest to the heart
Cardia
45
Located in the superior lobe of left lung that is close tot heart
Cardiac notch
46
Largest portin of stomach
Body
47
narrow portion of stomach
Fundus
48
Last portion of stomach with sphincter.
Pylori
49
Cell that secretes mucus in the stomach
Mucous neck cell
50
Cell in stomach that secretes pepsinogen.
Chief cell
51
Other name for chief cell in the stomach
Zymogenic
52
Cell in stomach that secretes intrinsic factor, HCl, Hydrogen ions
Parietal cell
53
Other name for parietal cell in stomach
Oxyntic
54
This component is important for the absorption of VIT. B 12 in ILEUM
Intrinsic factor
55
Main function of HCl
activation of Pepsinogen to Pepsin
56
Pepsin is for?
Digestion of protein
57
HCl secretion is stimulated by what hormone?
Gastrin
58
Ion in stomach for direct production of BICARBONATES
Hydrogen ion
59
Main buffer ion in the body?
Bicarbonate
60
Ph of HCl
1-3pH
61
Chief cell is found in what organs?
Stomach and Parathyroid
62
Cell that produces serotonin and histamine
Enteroendocrine
63
Other name for Enteroendochrine
Argentaffin
64
Role of histamine in stomach?
increase acid secretion
65
Factors that influence the rate of which a meal will leave the stomach
Low pH
Increased in tonicity of the duodenum
Lipid in the intestines
66
Major factor that influence the rate of which a meal will leave the stomach
Lipidin intestines
67
An empty stomach has a volume of?
50mL
68
an acidic fluid consisting of gastric juice and food
Chyme
69
Is composed of HCl, potassium chloride and sodium chloride
Gastric juice
70
pH of gastric juice
1-3pH
71
A normal bacteria in the stomach
Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori)
72
Increase H. pylori in the stomach will result to?
Gastric ulcer
73
Increase H. pylori in the duodenum will result to?
Peptic ulcer
74
The longest and most convoluted part of the G.I.T
Small intestines
75
small intestines secretes how many mL of fluid a day?
1,500mL
76
Function of small intestine
Absorption of nutrients via Facilitated Diffusion
77
Ion that determines the magnitude of fluid secretion.
Chloride
78
Ion that determines the rate of absorption
Sodium
79
Hyperacidity in stomach can be treated by what drug?
Anti-hitamine such as cimetidine
80
The average daily intake of CHO is?
250-300g/day
81
The average daily intake of FATS is?
70-100g/day
82
The required CHON per day is
40-50g/day
83
too much protein in the body mainly affects the function of what organ?
KIDNEY
84
Heart burn
Too much acid in the stomach which also backs up into the esophagus
85
True or False. Acid and fats are miscible
False- immiscible
86
Cells in small intestines that is found in MICROVILLI
Enterocyte
87
Sound of an empty stomach
Borborygmus
88
Role of enterocyte
Absorption
89
Cells in small intestines that secretes Lysozyme
Paneth cell
90
Other name of Paneth cell in small intestine
Davidoff
91
Cells in small intestines that secretes MUCUS
Goblet cell
92
True or False. Goblet cell decreases towards the ANAL OUTLET
False- increases
93
What do you call that area where thousands of microvilli may be found?
BRUSH BORDERS
94
Brush border is found in what part of small intestine?
Jejunum
95
An enzyme that has lysosome
Lysozyme
96
cell organ that produces intracellular phagocytosis
Lysosome
97
Reason why goblet cell increase towards the ANAL outlet
Anal outlet is prone to infection and goblet cell which secretes mucus that contains IgA help fights infection
98
The shortest 20-25cm and the widest small intestine
Duodenum
99
Duodenum connects to the ____ of the stomach
Pylori
100
Vertebral level of duodenum
L1-L3
101
Structure of duodenum that produces SECRETIN
Crypts of LIEBERKUHN
102
Hormone that stimulates pancreatic hormones and Decreases MOTILITY of duodenum
SECRETIN
103
Structure of duodenum found in SUBMUCOSAL layer for Mucous production
BRUNNER'S gland
104
Ampulla of Vater (2nd part) is formed by
PANCREATIC DUCT and COMMON BILE DUCT
105
Structure of duodenum that secrets GASTRI-INHIBITORY POLYPEPTIDE (GIP)
K-cell
106
GIP (increases,decreases) gastric motility
decreases
107
Structure of duodenum that secretes CHOLECYSTOKININ (CCK)
Enteroendocrine cell
108
CCK stimulatsdigestion of
Fats and Proteins
109
Function of Bile
help absorb fats
110
Bile with fats transfer from small intestine to?
LIVER
111
Green feces indicates?
presence of bile
112
Sphincter found in the common bile duct
Sphincter of BOyden
113
Sphincter foundat the junction of the common bile duct (CBD), main pancreatic duct, and the duodenum.
Sphincter of ODDI
114
Organ that produces bile
LIVER
115
Organ that STORES bile
gallbladder
116
Ion mainly absorbed in DUODENUM
Iron and Calcium
117
(Increased,Decreased) pH results to inccreased absorption of Iron and Calcium
Decreased pH
118
The most common type of contraction in duodeum
Segmentation
119
What is segmentation?
Mixing of food with digestive enzymes and hormones
120
The thickest muscular wall in small intestine for PERISTALSIS
Jejunum
121
An involuntary constriction and relaxation of the intestine
Peristalsis
122
A circular fold that contains the most abundant microvilli
PLICAE CIRCULARIS
123
Other name of plicae circularis
Valve of Kirkring
124
Structure in jejunum that contains LACTEALS
Villi
125
These are lymphatic network of capillaries for absorption of FATS
Lacteals
126
The longest and LAST portion of the smal intestine that connects to the large intestine
Ileum
127
Function of Ileum
Absorption of vit. B 12
128
Termination of Ileum is located in?
Lower right quadrant
129
Structure in ILEUM that contains secretory Ig A
Peyer's patches
130
What makes appendix helps in immunity?
Contains peyer's patches
131
a 5-feet long tissue with almost 1,500mL of chyme
Large intestine
132
Plexus that is foun in large intestine that controls peristalsis
Auerbach's plexus
133
Auerbach's plexus is found in?
Teniae coli
134
Function of large intestine
Absorbs water and electrolytes
135
Valve that connects from small intestine to large intestine
IleoCecal valve
136
Ileocecal valve is located in?
Caecum
137
Aside from Ileum, Caecum also connects to the?
Appendix
138
It is the main site for FLUID absorption due to presence of microvilli
COLON
139
ASCENDING colon starts to become a TRANSVERSE colon when it approaches to what organ?
LIVER
140
Part of colon that has GREATER omentum ligament attaches to stomach
Transverse colon
141
ligament that attaches the liver to stomach
Lesser omentum ligament
142
Muscle for peristalsis in large intestine
Teniae coli
143
Forms and stores the feces and flatus
SIGMOID
144
Sigmoid contains what bacteria?
Escherichia coli
145
Flatus in layman's term
FART
146
E.coli produces?
Feces
147
bile pigment that gives pigment to the feces
Stercobilin
148
Stercobilin or all pigments comes from?
HEME
149
FLATUS contains?
```
Nitrogen (400-700mL/day)
Carbondioxide
Hydrogen
Methane
Sulfur (mercaptan)
```
150
Produces bad odor in flatus and in oral cavity
SULFUR
151
The last part of the large intestine
RECTUS
152
Does rectus contain Teniae coli?
NO
153
Contains the MOST abundant GOBLET cells
RECTUS
154
The exit from rectum
ANUS
155
Anal sphincter that contains smooth muscle?>
| Anal sphincter that contains skeletal muscle?>
Internal-smooth
| External-skeletal (tendon)
156
Normal color of feces
Brown
157
the last duct where bile passes
pancreatic duct
