Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Dental Boards Review > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

(84 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

A prokaryotic microorganisms that contains DNA only

A

Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Type of staining method to check presence of DNA

A

Positive feulgen reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Site of protein in synthesis in bacteria.

A

Polyribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Act as mitochondria in bacteria.

A

Mesosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

It is the site of oxidative phsophorylation

A

Cell membrane surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Functions as an osmotic permeability barrier which is Aqueous and Hydrophilic

A

Cytoplasmic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

It is the stage when they are metabolically active but not reproducing.

A

Lag phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Stage when there is cell division

A

Log or exponential phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Log phase lasts for?

A

3-24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Phase of which it is the target of most antibiotics

A

Log phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Phase when they reached a steady state

A

Stationary phas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bacteria’s source of energy

A

Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a spore?

A

Part of cell wall to survive extreme heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bacteria needed for the quality of dry and moist heat

A

Spore-forming bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Phase when bacteria dies due to nutrient depletion

A

Death phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bacterias are (heterotrophs, autotrophs)

A

Autotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are autotrophs?

A

Organisms that produces their own nutrient by oxidation of substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

After oxygen is used by bacteria, what is used next for their energy??

A

CO2 through fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Uptake of DNA from outside of the cell wall

A

Transformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Delivering bacterial DNA to the next hose to produce lysogen.

A

Transduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Process by which plasmid is transferred from an F plus to F minus

A

Conjugation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a Plasmid?

A

Gene of bacteria where DNA is found

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a lysogen?

A

One that receives DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The most distinguishing characteristics of bacterial genes include?

A

Self-duplication

Mutability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Bacteria that lives at 45-122 degree celsius
Thermophile
26
Bacteria that live at 25-45 degree celsius
Mesophile
27
Bacteria that live at 15-20 degree celsius
Psychrophile or cryophile
28
Classification of bacteria based on temperature
Thermophile Mesophile Psychrophile
29
Microbial growth may be estimated quantitatively by determining?
Cell nitrogen Cell dry weight Culture turbidity Culture oxygen consumption
30
Microorganisms that carry out oxidative phosphorylation to obtain energy.
Obligate aerobes
31
Enzymes for obligate aerobes
Catalase Peroxidase Superoxide dismutase
32
Microorganisms that are mainly aerobic, but they have the faculty to carry out anaerobic respiration through fermentation
Facultative anaerobes
33
Enzymes for facultative anaerobes
Catalase | Superoxide dismutase
34
Microorganisms that cannot live with Oxygen
Obligate anaerobes
35
Enzyme that differentiate aerobe and anaerobes
Catalase
36
Test used todifferentiate aerobic and anaerobic
Catalase test
37
Bacteria sensitive to hydrogen peroxide during culturing
Aerobes
38
``` Classification of bacteria based on their shapes Cocci-- Bacilli-- Vibrio-- Spirochete-- Actinomycetes-- ```
``` Cocci- spherical or oval Bacilli- rod Vibrio- comma Spirochete-spiral Actinomycetes-branching filament ```
39
Procedudre done to differentiate microorganism based on their cell wall thickness and component
Staining (Gram staining and Acid-fast stain)
40
Most common staining procedure
Gram staining
41
Procedures of gram staining
``` Fixation Primary stain Iodine treatment Decolorizer Counter stain ```
42
Chemical used during primary stain and what is the color of the result?
Crystal violet - blue microbes
43
Mordant used in gram staining and what is the result?
Iodine - violet microbes
44
Decolorizer used in gram staining and what is the result?
Acid alcohol gram positive- violet gram negative- colorless
45
Counter stain used in gram staining and what is the result?
Safranin- Gram positive- violet Gram- negative - pink
46
Staining used for mycobacterium species
Acid-fast stain
47
Other name for acid-fast stain
Ziel-nielsen method
48
Primary stain used in acid-fast stain and resultant color?
Carbol-fuschin-red
49
mordant used in acid-fast stain and resultant color?-
Carbol-fuschin- red
50
Decolorizer used in acid-fast stain and resultant color?
Acid Alcohol - red
51
Counter stain used in acid-fast stain and resultant color?
Methylene blue
52
Gram Bacteria most difficult to stain
Gram negative
53
Antibitoics that attacks both aerobic and anaerobic microbes
Amoxicillin
54
Final color of mycobacterium in gram staining
Colorless
55
Final color of mycobacterium in acid fast stain
Red
56
Other name for Mycobacterium spp?
Acid-fast bacillus
57
Importance of staining
Proper medication
58
Gram bacteria more susceptible to dyes?
Gram positive
59
Why gram positive more susceptible to dyes?
Due to magnesium ribonucleate
60
Cell wall of bacteria is composed of?
Peptidoglycan or murein
61
Peptidoglycan or murein in bacteria is made up of?
Polysaccharide chains of NAG-NAM
62
Differentiate gram positive and negative based on their cell wall layer
g. positive = Single but thick | g. negative = Double but thin
63
Name of space in between the double cell wall of gram negative
Periplasmic space
64
Differentiate gram positive and negative based on their Pathogenicity
g. poitive= EXOtoxin (teichoic acid) | g. negative = ENDOtoxin (lipopolysaccharide)
65
Differentiate gram positive and negative based on their sensitivity to heat
g. positive = heat labile | g. negative= heat stable
66
Enzyme present in gram negative that washes the decolorizer during gram staining
Beta-lactamase
67
Beta-lactam antibiotics
Penicillin | Cyclosphorin
68
Diagnostic drug
Amoxicillin
69
Antibiotic used to kill gram negative and gram positive
CoAmoxyclav
70
Combination of coamoxyclav
Amoxicillin and clavulanic
71
Specie with no cell wall
Mycoplasma
72
Specie that have a cell membrane made up of cholesterol
Mycoplasma
73
Bacteria which have neither a cell wall nor a capsule
Protoplast
74
Endotoxin will respond to what type of reaction?
Shwartzman reaction
75
Specialized structure of a bacterial cell wall that prevents phagocytic activity made up of polysaccharide
Capsules
76
Reaction when the capsule swell with the presence of antigen
Positive quelling reaction
77
Specialized structure of a bacterial cell wall that will allow them to survive in an unfavorabe environment
Spore
78
Specialized structure of a bacterial cell wall that is a hair-like structure for motility which gives bacteria survival advantage in host-parasite interaction
Flagella
79
Flagella can be detected by?
Phase contrast microscope Electon microscope Darkfield microscope
80
Single flagellum that extends from one end
Monotrichous
81
Single flagellum on both sides
Amphitrichous
82
Group of flagella at one or both sides
Lophotrichous
83
Group of flagella all over the cell wall
Peritrichous
84
It is the hair-like structure for atrachment onto the tissue surfaces and may serve as a receptor sites for bacterial viruses
Pili

Dental Boards Review (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions