Reproductive System Flashcards
(163 cards)
1
Q
Term for the primary reproductive organs
A
Gonads
2
Q
Testes in male is homologous to
A
Ovaries
3
Q
Epididymis in male is homologous to
A
Gartner’s duct
4
Q
Cowper’s gland in male is homologous to
A
Bartholin’s gland
5
Q
Prostate gland in male is homologous to
A
SKENE’s gland
6
Q
Penis in male is homologous to
A
Clitoris
7
Q
Scrotum in male is homologous to
A
Labia majora
8
Q
Reproductive male organ that are suspended outside the abdomen in the SCORTUM
A
TESTES
9
Q
Testes is surrounded bu a thick capsule of?
A
Tunica albuginea
10
Q
Testes develops from?
A
Wolffian duct
11
Q
between the right and left testes, which is placed more lower?
A
Left testes
12
Q
Reason why left testes is more lower?
A
increase pampiniform venous
13
Q
The site of spermatogenesis
A
seminiferous tubules
14
Q
Seminiferous tubules are lined with?
A
Columnar epithelium
15
Q
Spermatogenesis lasts for how many days?
A
64 days
16
Q
Spermatogenesis is the formation of?
A
Spermatogonium
17
Q
Precursor of Sperm
A
Spermatid
18
Q
process of spermatogenesis
A
Spermatogonium > primary spermatocyte > secondary spermatocyte> Spermatid > Sperm
19
Q
Site of Maturation and storage of sperm cell
A
Epididymis
20
Q
Epididymis is lined with?
A
Pseudostratified columnar
21
Q
This structure transport sperm cell to ejaculatory duct.
A
Vas deferens
22
Q
Other name for vas deferens
A
Ductus deferens
23
Q
Ductus deferens is lined with?
A
Pseudostratified columnar
24
Q
Accessory gland developed from the vas deferens
A
Seminal vesicle
25
Location of seminal vesicle
Behind the Urinary bladder
26
Function of seminal vesicle
produces semen and Fructose
27
Fluid that contains sperm
Semen
28
Energy of sperm comes from what monosaccharide
Fructose
29
Prostate gland is found where?
Neck of Urinary bladder
30
Function of prostate gland
produces alkaline mucus
31
Cowper's gland is found where?
Below the urinary bladder
32
other name for cowper's gland
Bulbourethral gland
33
All of the following accessory gland is found?
Urinary bladder
34
Cell in testes that secretes inhibin and androgen-binding protein
Sertoli cell
35
other name for Sertoli cell
Sustentacular
36
Sertoli cell is induced by what hormone?
Follicle stimulating hormone
37
protein that stops the production of sperm
Inhibin
38
Cell that secretes testosterone mainly for sperm cell production
Leydig cell
39
Other name fore Leydig cell
Interstitial cell
40
Leydig cell is induced by what hormone?
Luteinizing hormone
41
Testosterone binds to what protein
Androgen-binding protein (ABP)
42
hormone that sends signal to sustentacular cell to secretes inhibin and ABP
FSH
43
What maintains the blood-testis barrier?
Sertoli cell
44
other name for blood-testis barrier
Sertoli cell barrier
45
What is the cell responsible for sperm cell production?
Leydig cell
46
What is vasectomy?
Complete surgical removal of vas deferens
47
After having vasectomy, male can still ejaculate but with what fluid?
Semen without sperm
48
What is semen?
Fluid that covers sperm
49
What is the mechanism of action of VIAGRA (blue pill)?
Increases nitric oxide
50
Viagra is used for?
Erectile dysfunction
51
Nitric oxide acts on the body by
Dilating the blood vessel which causes more testosterone to penis (muscle) causing erection
52
2 muscles in testes
Dartos and cremaster muscle
53
Muscle that contracts the testes causing wrinkling of scrotum
Dartos muscle
54
Muscle that pulls the testes towards the body
Cremaster muscle
55
a superficial reflex found in human males that is elicited when the skin in testes is stroked.
Cremasteric reflex
56
True or False. Testes is heat-sensitive.
True
57
The active component of viagra
Sildenafil citrate
58
Age when prostate becomes enlarged
45 years old
59
Enlargement of prostate gland is caused by?
Benign nodular hyperplasia
60
The second most common cancer in male.
Prostate cancer
61
most common cancer in male
Lung cancer
62
Sign that indicates the prostate gland has become enlarged
Difficulty in urinating
63
Female reproductive organ that contains MAMMARY GLAND with 15-25 lobes of ALVEOLI
Breasts
64
Other structures aside from mammary gland present in breasts
lymph nodes
| adipose tissue
65
Location of breasts
Lies on the PECTORALIS MAJOR muscle
66
It is the main suspensory ligament of the breasts
Cooper's ligament
67
these are the star-shaped specialized contractile cell for secretion of milk
Myoepithelial cells
68
the ink-brown pigmented region surrounding the nipple
Areola
69
Produces the milk
Alveoli
70
Responsible for pain on the nipple area
T4 dermotome
71
process of producing milk inalveoli
Lactation
72
Lactation begins at what trimester of pregnancy
2nd trimester
73
major hormone stimulating the production of milk
PROLACTIN
74
hormone that secretes milk
Oxytocin
75
reflex that stimulates the surge of prolactin production
Suckling reflex
76
what organ stimulates suckling reflex
Lips
77
Difference between suckling and sucking
Suckling uses lips
| Sucking uses lips and buccinator
78
Milk components
```
Water
Protein
Fats
Lactose
Iron (lowest)
Antibodies
Growth hormone
Neuropeptides
Endogenous opioids
```
79
Oxytocin is produced?
Paraventricular
80
A watery fluid produced by the breast 24-48 hours after delivery that marks the beginning of milk secretion
Colostrum
81
Reproductive tract in female originated in
Mullerian duct
82
the most acidic environment in female reproductive organ
Vagina
83
Vagina is acidic due to?
having normal biota LACTOBACILLUS
84
The only microorganism that resist the most acidic environment
Lactobacillus
85
contains the most abundant MUCUS content
CERVIX
86
The site of embryonic and fetal development
Uterus
87
Lining of uterus that is the main layer involved during menstrual cycle
Endometrium
88
Site of implantation of zygote
Endometrium
89
hormone increased during menstruation
Progesterone
90
Why female undergo menstruation?
Prepare endometrium for pregnancy
91
The layer of uterus that contains muscle contraction
Myometrium
92
The outer serous coat of the uterus
Perimetrium
93
Fallopian tube is lined with?
Simple ciliated columnar
94
Other name for fallopian tube
Oviduct
95
It is the site of fertilization
Ampulla of oviduct
96
Other name for fertilization
Amphimixis
97
four stages of embryonic development
Zygote > Blastomere > Morula > Blastula
98
What androgen is increased during menstruation?
progesterone
99
cell that produces OVUM
Follicle cell
100
A follicle cell without oyum
Corpeus luteum
101
Corpus luteum once emptied will produce what androgen?
Estrogen and Progesterone
102
Process of oogenesis
Oogonium > primary oocyte > secondary oocyte > oocyte (zona pellucida)
103
Precursor of oocyte
Secondary oocyte
104
the thick transparent membrane surrounding a mammalian ovum before implantation.
Zona pellucida
105
Cell that is the binding site of Estrogen
Granulosa cell
106
Hormone that induces granulosa cell
FSH
107
the binding site of progesterone in ovary
Theca cell
108
LH in male induces what cell?
Leydig cell
109
What is the content of oral contraceptive?
Synthetic progesterone
110
Drug that has synthetic progesterone
Progestins
111
What is the surgical removal of uterus and uterine artery?
Hysterectomy
112
Menstrual cycle lasts for?
28 days
113
Phase of mentrual cycle that lasts for 3-5 days
Menstrual phase
114
in Menstrual phase, what androgen is increased?
progesterone
115
It is the highest peak of Fertilization
proliferative phase
116
Proliferative phase lasts for
10-14 days
117
Proliferative phase, what androgen is increased?
Estrogen
118
Androgen increased in secretory phase
Estrogen
119
Surge of LH is due to
shifting in anterior pituitary gland secretion
120
Phase in menstrual cycle that lasts for 12-16 days
Luteal phase
121
what androgen is increased during luteal phase?
Progesterone
122
drug that suppresses ovulation process
Oral contraceptives (progestins)
123
Adverse effect of oral contraceptives
Thromboembolism
124
Phase target by oral contraceptive is?
secretory phase
125
Pregnancy lasts for how many days?
280 days
126
Indicator of prenancy is
HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN
127
What happens during first trimester?
Estogen (estradiol) is increased
Organogenesis
Embryo-fetus development
No drugs in all form unless life threatening
128
What happens during second trimester?
Progesterone is increased
Presence of heart beat
Safest for dental procedure
129
What happens during third trimester?
Organs are functional
130
What is the most abundant type of estrogen?
Estradiol
131
Enlargement of breast and uterus during pregnancy is due to?
Hyperplasia
132
Teratogenecity is?
effect of drug causing congenital effect
133
Antibiotic safe for pregnant woman
Amoxicillin
134
Stages of fertilization
zygote > blastomere > morula > blastula > gastrulation
135
union of sperm and egg cell
zygote
136
zygote forms in?
Ampulla of oviduct
137
protected by a layer of glycoptrotein called Zona pellucida
Ovum (haploid)
138
sperm cell (haploid) binds to zona pellucida via
Acrosomal reactions
139
a series of biochemical reaction that the sperm uses to break through the zona pellucida
Acrosomal reaction
140
A type of cell produced cleavage (cell division) and it is essential for formation of blastula
Blastomere
141
A solid ball of cells resulting from division of BLASTOMERE in which blastula is formed
Morula
142
Formed when zygote undergoes rapid cell division
Blastula
143
is the spherical layer of cells surrounding the yolk cavity
blastoderm
144
when the cells of blastula re-arrange themselves spatially to form gell cell layers
Gastrulation
145
germ cell layer that gives rise to the nervous system and epidermis
Ectoderm
146
germ cell layer that give rise to muscle cells and connective tissues
Mesoderm
147
germ cell layer that give rise to digestive system and visceral organs
Endoderm
148
Structures derived from ECTODERM
```
Parotid gland
Lens
Anterior pituitary gland
Mammary gland
Enamel
Epithelial linings of anus
Epidermis
Cochlea and vestibule
```
149
Structures derived from Neuro-ectoderm
```
Neurons
Astrocytes
Posterior pituitary gland
Retina
Oligodendrocyte
```
150
Structures derived from Neural crest cell
```
Cranial nerves and ganglion
Adrenal medulla
Schwann cells
Satellite cell
Pia and arachnoid
Parafollicular cells
Intra-ocular muscle
```
151
Structures derived from Mesoderm
```
Dermis
Dura mater
Adrenal cortex
Mesenchymal cells
Bones and cartilages
Blood and lymph vessels
Skeletal, smooth and cardiac
Spleen
Heart
Extra-ocular muscle
Kidneys
Testes and ovaries
Tooth structures except enamel
```
152
Structures derived from endoderm
```
Auditory tube
Vagina
Epithelial lining of: GI tract, Trachea, Bronchi, and lungs
Biliary apparatus
Urinary bladder, urethra
Middle ear
Major salivary glands ecept. Parotid
Parenchymal cells
```
153
Main cell of mesoderm
Mesenchymal cells
154
Main cell of endoderm
Parenchymal cells
155
Macrophage of brain
Microglia
156
most numerous neuroglia
Astrocyte
157
What hormone is elevated during Menstrual phase?
LH
158
What hormone is elevated during pregnancy?
Progesterone (second and third)
159
What hormone is elevated during laboring?
Oxytocin
160
Fake oxytocin
Pitocin
161
Where is the most common location of ectopic pregnancy?
Fallopian tube
162
What is the surgical incision of the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall during stage of labor?
Episiotomy
163
What is the most common infection after delivery?
Puerperal fever by Streptococcus infection
