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Flashcards in Exam 2 Physio Deck (18)
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1
Q

Hypercalcemia impact on body

A

decreased excitability
sedation
shortened QT interval
more depolarized, but takes longer to fire

2
Q

Hypocalcemia impact on body

A

increased excitability

increased Na+ membrane permeability

3
Q

Nephron pH and Ca2+ resorption

A

decreased pH displaces Ca2+ from albumins (via H+ competition)
increases Ca2+ filtered and Ca2+ resorbed

4
Q

Ca2+ resorption along tubule

A

prox-passive diffusion into cell, Ca2+/Na+ ATPase into blood
Loop of Henle-(+) lumen drives passively in (dependent on Na+ resorption)
Distal tubule-PTH increases apical channels/Vit D increases Ca2+ ATPase and calbindin

5
Q

Causes of increased Ca2+ resorption

A

increased PTH/Vit D
decreased ECFV/BP
metabolic acidosis
ADH

6
Q

Causes of decreased Ca2+ resorption

A

decreased serum phosphate/PTH
increased ECFV/BP
metabolic alkalosis

7
Q

Phosphate resorption in tubule

A

proximal tubule-Na+/Phosphate cotransporter

increased luminal H+ inhibits transport

8
Q

Effectors of phosphate

A

PTH decreases
ANP decreases
volume expansion decreases (due to Na+ dependence)

9
Q

Effects of PTH

A

increased bone resorption (Ca2+/Phos in serum)
increased phosphate excretion
decreased calcium excretion
increased calcitrol (causes more Ca2+/phos GI absorption)

10
Q

Impact of hypermagnesemia on body

A

decreased excitability

cardiac arrest/respiratory insufficiency

11
Q

Impact of hypomagnesemia on body

A

hyperexcitability (tetany)
cardiac arrhythmia
increased peripheral vascular resistance (vasoconstriction)

12
Q

Magnesium regulation

A
PTH increases (Ca and Mg use same channel)
diuretics decrease resorption
13
Q

Henderson Hasselbach eqn

A

pH=pKa + log (bicarb/0.03PCO2)

14
Q

Causes of anion gap metabolic acidosis

A

MUDPILES

15
Q

Causes of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

A
diarrhea
renal tubular acidosis
CAI's
Addison's
pancreatitis
16
Q

Winter’s eqn

A

PCO2=1.5*bicarb +8
if over, then resp acidosis as well
if under, then resp alkalosis

17
Q

Eqn for tx of metabolic acidosis (bicarb deficit)

A

BD=0.5wt(desired bicarb-initial bicarb)

18
Q

Causes of metabolic alkalosis

A
vomiting
alkaline drugs
aldosterone (H+ excretion)
ECFV depletion
diuretics