Qbank questions Flashcards by Grant Oakley

Vessel size involved in Sturge Weber

capillary sized

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MOA of glitazones

bind PPAR-gamma, decrease insulin resistance

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Things Vit C is needed to make

Epi from dopamine
Steroids in adrenals
hydroxylation in collagen (Pro/Lys)

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What parts of nervous system does Charcot Mariet tooth effect

ant horns and post columns

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Risk of buproprion use

decreases seizure threshold

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Antacid causing hyporeflexia/hypotension

Mg(OH)2

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Skin lesion assc with HSV

erythema multiforme

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Skin lesion assc with Rheumatic fever

erythema marginatum

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Drugs not to use with Linezolid

MAOIs or SSRIs

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Antidepressant used with lack of appetite

mirtazapine, alpha2 agonist increases appetite and sleep

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Antipsychotics MOA and risk

D2 receptor antagonists

tardive dyskinesia

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Ethosuximide MOA

blocks T-type Calcium channels in thalamus

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Tx for neonatal sepsis

gentamicin (aminoglycoside) and ampicillin

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Pyruvate kinase deficiency sx due to hemolysis

gallstones (increased heme metabolism)

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Two circular DNA viruses

HPV

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MOA of fibrates

activate PPARs and increased LPL activity

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PUD sx

decreased pain after meals

increased pain with no food/middle of the night

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Soap bubble on x-ray of bone

Giant cell tumor

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Asthma sensitization

CD4 Th2 cells making IL-4 (IgE) and IL-5 (eosinophils)

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No ambiguous genitalial until puberty

5alpha-reductase deficiency

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HLA-DR4 asscs

type 1 DM

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TB reactivation pathology

type IV HS rxn

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Isoniazid side effects

muscle weakness

increased B6 excretion

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Anti-smooth m. Ab

autoimmune Hepatitis

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Only opioid not causing sphincter of Oddi contractions

Meperidine

Strept throat tx if allergic to penicillin and side effects

macrolides (erythromycin/azithromycin) | can cause QT prolongation

Hypercalcemia sx

bones stones abd groan CNS overtones

Enzymes Pb interferes with

ferrochelatase | aminoleuvulic acid DH

Fanconi's syndrome presentation

pancytopenia hypopigmentation cafe-au-lait spots due to DNA repair defect

B vitamin used in heme synthesis

B6, used in first step (ALA dehydratase)

Increased product of heme synthesis seen in Pb poisoning

protoporphyrin

Donovan bodies

Klebsiella granulomatosis

Acute gout tx

NSAIDS and colchicine (disrupts B tubulin)

Decreased lab value seen in CML

low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase

MOA of amphotericin B

binds ergosterol, makes holes in membrane

C. difficile virulence for diarrhea

inactivates GTPase via glycosylation

Bug causing undulating fever

Brucella spp

Blue pigment in cartilage and sclera

Alkaptonuria | deficiency of homogentisic acid oxidase

Hurler's differentation from Hunter's

Hurler's has corneal clouding

X-linked lysosomal storage diseases

only Hunter's and Fabry's | all others are AR

Hashimotos thyroiditis Abs

Anti-microsomal Abs

CT autoimmune disease Abs

anti-ribonucleoprotein Abs

Primary biliary cirrhosis Abs

anti-mitochondrial Abs

Job's syndrome sx

hyper IgE retained primary teeth/coarse facies/derm problems lack of IFN-gamma

Risk with IgA deficiency

Can have anaphylaxis to blood transfusions

Tx for neutropenia

granulocyte colony stimulating factor

Mast cell CD markers

CD25 and CD 117

Hyperkalemia on EKG

peaked T waves

Marfan assc with cardiac pathology

MVP

Side effect of antipsychotics

Increase prolactin/galactorrhea/amenorrhea | due to dopamine antagonism

Rheumatoid arthritis Abs

anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide

Organs involved in Fabry's disease

kidneys and heart

Risk with any gallbladder/bile duct pathology

deficiency of Vit A, D, E and K

Regulator of iron in the body

``` Hepcidin regulates (inhibits ferroportin in GI) defective in hemachromatosis ```

Mutation in Factor V Leiden

Glut506Arg AD hypercoagulable

Labs for osteomalacia

Increased PTH | Decreased Phosphate and Ca2+

Osteopetrosis pathology

abn osteoclast fxn | AR

Hartnup sx and tx

sx=ataxia/aminoaciduria/skin eruptions | tx=niacin

EEG with periodic shape wave activity

Creutzfelt Jacob

Gerstmann syndrome sx

L PCA occlusion acalculia agraphia finger agnosia

Codeletion of 1p and 19q chromosomes

Oligdendrogliomas

Typical sign of complex partial seizures

smacking of lips

Artery assc with lateral medullary syndrome

PICA

Artery assc with lateral pontine syndrome

AICA

Artery assc with medial medullary syndrome

ASA

Immune cell type in acute asthma

Th2 cells major type

Lewy body dementia sx different than other dementias

visual hallucinations

Proximal muscle weakness seen in unvaccinated older pts

poliomyositis

Actinomyces tx

penicillin

Muscle energy tx uses what to accomplish m. relaxation?

golgi tendon organ

Schizophrenia pathology

hypofunctioning NMDA receptors

Cellulitis tx

cephalexin

PYY impact on pancreas

inhibits exocrine processes

ST elevation in V1/V2, sudden death in young adults

Brugada syndrome

Cutaneous sx of glucagonoma

necrolytic migratory erythema (buttocks/thighs)

Possible sign of acute Hep A

dark urine due to increased bilirubin

Tx fo PID

ceftriaxone and doxycycline

PTEN assc

endometrial hyperplasia factor

Pregnancy impact on kidneys

increased GFR

Familial hypercholesterolemia defect and inheritance

AD | LDL receptor defect

Embryonal carcinoma of testes sx

painful pass

Gs linked receptors

B1, B2, D1, H2, V2

Gq linked receptors

a1, M1, M3

Gi linked receptors

D2 and M2

Ebstein anomaly assc

Li+ during pregnancy

Councilman bodies on bx

Yellow fever

Primary sclerosing cholanigits assc

Ulcerative colitis | beading pattern/onion skin fibrosis with p-ANCA

Primary biliary cirrhosis assc

scleroderma | anti-mitochondrial Abs/granulomas

Giant cell arteritis assc

polymyalgia rheumatica

Sarcoid mediating cell type

Th1 with granuloma formation

H. influenza capsule component

polyribitol ribose phosphate

How does N-acetylcysteine work?

provides sulfhydryl groups for sulfation and binds toxic metabolite

What are penicillins analogs of?

D-Ala-D-Ala

Side effect of inhaled anesthetics

increased cerebral blood flow

AV shunt impact on heart and TPR

increased preload, decreased TPR

Vit not to be used with levodopa

B6, causes increased peripheral metabolism

Sepsis impact on blood chemistries

lactic acidosis

C. perfringens sx (no gangrene)

transient watery diarrhea

Use and MOA of donepezil

cholinesterase inhibitor | for dementia

Drug chemistry causing increased hepatic clearance

increased drug lipophilicity

Polymyositis Abs

anti-Jo1 Abs

Pure sensory stroke location

VPL or VPM

MS target

oligodendrocytes

Benefit of live vaccines over killed

increased IgA secretion (Sabin over Salk)

CN IX ganglion

otic (parotid gland)

Drug for anaerobe infection

clindamycin

Niacin flushing is mediated by what molecule

prostaglandins

Cellular receptors for EBV

CD21 /CR2

Cellular receptors for Rabies

nicotinic ACh receptors

Cellular receptors for rhinovirus

I-CAM

Isoniazid metabolism

acetylation

Molecule involved with atherosclerotic plaque remodeling/rupture

Metalloproteinases

Leuprolide MOA

GnRH analog

Annular pancreas pathology

ventral bud migration abn

Scar and granulation collagen types

scar=type 1 | granulation=type 3

Rhogam Ab type

IgG

Fas gene involved in what?

apoptosis (activation induced or autoimmune)

Flutamide MOA

adnrogen antagonist

Rhabdiform larvae in stool

Strongyloides stercoralis

Tx for acute intermittent prophyria (urine turns dark)

Glucose

N. meningitis vaccine

capsular polysaccharide

Heated killed bacterial vaccines (3)

pertussis/cholerae/yersinia pestis

Recombinant bacterial outer surface protein vaccine (1)

Borrelia burgdorferi

Inactivated toxin vaccines (2)

Diphtheria and C. tetani

Live-attenuated bacterial vaccines (3)

TB/Francisella/Salmonella typhi

Transmigration proteins for leukocytes

PECAM-1

Result of acute LAD blockage

V. fib

Protein assc with NO production in vessels

arginine

Lipid absorption in GI

jejunum

Increased Acetylcholinesterase in amnion

failure of neural tube fusion

Parts of sarcomere decreasing in length with contraction

H and I bands

TCA side effects

antimuscarinic effects/heart block/alpha1 antagonism

What releases tryptase?

mast cells with degranulation

What to use to decrease renal stones

citrate and water

ATP depletion with ischemia of heart timeframe

60 seconds

Finasteride MOA

inhibits 5alpha-reductase

MAC tx

azithromycin

Cough reflex nerve

inferior laryngeal nerve

What is chloride shift?

bicarb out of RBCs cause Cl- to come into RBCs

vWF roles

factor VIII binding/collagen binding

Insulin signaling type

tyrosine kinase/phosphatases

Causes of ptosis

CN III lesion or sympathetics lesion

Labs with sarcoidosis

increased ACE and Ca2+

Bug that has granules that stain with aniline

C. diphtheria

POMC is precursor for what molecules?

ACTH/MSH/beta-endophin

S3 seen with what condition?

mitral regurg

Vincristine side effect

CNS effects

1st gen H1 antagonist side effects

anti-ACH/alpha/5HT effects

Blood chemistries with pulmonary embolism

hyperventilation | increased pH/decreased PaO2 and PaC02

Vit needed in premature births

Vit K due to hepatic immaturity

Tx for homocystinura

Isoniazid need in mycobacterium

activation by catalase-peroxidase

Components of muscle contraction only seen in smooth muscle

Calmodulin | myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)

Attachment and fusion proteins for HIV

gp41=fusion | gp120=attachment

Tx for beta blocker overdose

glucagon

Target of T3/T4 location

directly on nuclear receptors

Satiety center of brain

ventromedial hypothalamus

Cause of Cheyne Stokes respirations

CHF

MOA of nystatin/Amphotericin B

bing ergosterol

TCA side effects

``` muscarinic antagonism alpha-1 antagonism cardiac Na+ inhibition inhibition of 5HT/Ne reuptake H1 inhibition ```

Increased lab in Klinefelter's syndrome

increased FSH

Toxin used by ETEC

cholerae like toxin (increases cAMP)

Small mouth/low set ears/long 4th & 5th digits

Edward's syndrome

Cause of diabetes in pregnancy

Human placental lactogen

Development of metanephric duct

becomes kidney proper | glomeruli to DCTs

Side effects of chlorpromazine/thioridazine (antipsychotics)

sedation anticholinergic alpha-1 antagonism

Side effects of haloperidol/fluphenazine (antipsychotics)

extrapyramidal effects

Side effect of adenosine

flushing | chest burning

Etanercept MOA

TNF-alpha decoy receptor

Infliximab MOA

chimeric monoclonal Ab against TNF-alpha

ATII effect of kidney vasculature

efferent vasoconstriction

Inhibitors of lactogenesis during pregnancy

progesterone/estrogen

Side effects of linezolid

clonus/hyperreflexia hyperthermia/tachycardia agitation/confusion

Lab seen with CML

decreased LAP

Sign of leukocyte adhesion deficiency at shortly after birth

late separation of umbilical cord

MOA of radiation on cancer cells

increased double strand DNA breaks

Coronary sinus dilation is a sign of what?

increased R sided pressure due to PAH

What type of virus is measles?

paramyxovirus

What type of virus is rubella?

togavirus

COPD and respiratory drive

COPD can decrease central PCO2 monitoring Only carotid bodies remain to regulate (O2) Giving O2 can decrease respiratory drive

MOA of Amphotericin B/nystatin

bind ergosterol/make holes in cell wall

MOA of -azoles

prevent lanosterol to ergosterol conversion

MOA of terbinafine

squalene epoxidase inhibition

MOA of flucytosine

inhibits fungal DNA and RNA

MOA of griseofulvin

binds microtubules in fungi

What is (+) selection for T cells?

making sure they bind self MHC/in the cortex

What is (-) selection for T cells?

apoptosis of T cells that bind self MHC too tightly/in medulla of thymus

What increases in restrictive lung disease?

Expiratory flow rates & radial traction of airways

Where does coronary sinus lie?

The AV groove

End product of sorbitol

Fructose

Role of beta blockers in thyrotoxicosis

decrease T4 to T3 conversion | decrease sympathetics

What causes contraction in smooth muscle?

Myosin phosphorylation (MLCK)

Estrogens impact on thyroid

Increase T4 pool, fxn/activity remains the same

Side effect of trazodone

priapism

Stain for rRNA

blue color with Wright-Giemsa stain

Contents of Thayer-Martin agar

vancomycin (gram +) colistin/polymyxin (gram -) nystatin (yeast) TMP (proteus)

Beta blockers site of action in glaucoma

ciliary epithelium

Filtration fraction eqn

FF=GFR/RPF

``` Antipsychotics and side effects: Thioridazine Chlorpromazine Haloperidol Ziprasidone Olanzapine Clozapine ```

``` Thioridazine-retinal deposits Chlorpromazine-corneal deposits Haloperidol-extrapyramidal effects Ziprasidone-prolonged QT Olanzapine-wt gain Clozapine-agranulocytosis/seizures ```

Atopic asthma cell type

eosinophils/basophils

Most dilute osmolarity area of nephron

Distal convoluted tubule

Tx for measles

Vitamin A

Pompe's disease enzyme deficiency

alpha-1,4-glucosidase (aka acid maltase)

Bronze diabetes

Hemachromatosis

Ca2+ pyrophosphate crystals in joints

Pseudogout

Pulmonary vascular resistance and stages of respiration

FRC=lowest PVR above FRC=vessels stretched/increased R below FRC=decreased radial traction & compression from intrathoracic P/increased R

Parainfluenza virus type

paramyxovirus

Most susceptible area in brain to ischemia

Hippocampus

Qbank questions Flashcards

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