Exam 2 Micro Flashcards by Grant Oakley

Coccidioides immitis characteristics

Southwest US (Jan Joaquin Valley)
Spherules in yeast form
KOH prep dx

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Tx for dimorphic fungi

ketoconazole/fluconazole normally

amphotericin B for pregnancy

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Blastomyces dermatitidis characteristics

Ohio/Mississippi Rivers
broad based budding yeast
can disseminate into CNS

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Histoplasma characteristics

Ohio/Missouri/Mississippi basins
bird/bat droppings/cave diving
intracellular in WBC

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Paracoccidioidomycosis characteristics

Latin America

multiple broad based budding yeast

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Aspergillosis

type I hypersensitivity
from A. fumigatus and flavus
opportunistic

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Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

type III/IV hypersensitivity
pts with asthma and cystic fibrosis
aka Farmer’s Lung
damage from cytokines

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Noninvasive pulmonary aspergillosis

aspergilloma
intertwined septate hyphae
in lung cavity

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Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

neutropenic pts (immunocompromised)
hemoptysis
rapidly fatal

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Dx of aspergillosis

acute 45 degree branching hyphae

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Zygomycosis/mucormycosis characteristics

acute/rapid progression
ketoacidotic diabetics/leukemia pts
black pus out of nose
CNS infiltration
nonseptate hyphae branching at 90 degrees

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Stachybotrys chartarum characteristics

mycotoxin producing
wet wood/paper
asthma sx
hemoptysis/hemosiderosis

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Pneumocystis jiroveci characteristics

AIDS pts below CD4 count of 200
atypical pneumonia
binds receptors on macrophages
dx with giemsa stain (dented helmets)
or gomori methenamine silver stain

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Paragonimus westermani characteristics

lung fluke
undercooked crab/cray fish
coffee bean shaped
snail is intermediate host
hemoptysis

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Dx of paragonimus westermani

golden brown operculated eggs in sputum

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Causes of typical pneumonia

Strep pneumo
Klebsiella
H. influenza
Moraxella catarrhalis
S. aureus

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Dx of strep pneumo/virulence

alpha-hemolytic
optochin sensitive
gram (+) diplococci
IgA protease/pneumolysin/capsule

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Strep pneumo vaccine

PPSV23-capsule types for adults

PCV13-conjugated for children/immunocompromised

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Dx of klebsiella

currant jelly sputum
gram (-) rod
lactose + on MacConkey agar

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Risks for klebsiella

alcoholism

ventilators

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Dx of H. influenza

growth on chocolate agar 
needs heme (x) and NAD (v)
gram (-) short fat rod

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Staph aureus pneumonia

salmon pink sputum
empyema
shock/hemoptysis

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Causes of atypical pneumonias

mycoplasma pneumo
chlamydophila
legionella
coxiella burnetii
viral

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Dx of mycoplasma pneumo

large number of PMNs
cold agglutinins (+)

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Assc with mycoplasma pneumo

college/high school students lack of seasonality nonproductive cough

Chlamydophila pneumo

gram (-) large number of PMNs elementary body outside reticulate body inside (replicates)

Legionella pneumophila

gram (-) water units/AC units intracellular in Macrophages

Dx of legionella

charcoal yeast agar (iron and cystein) | fluorescent Ab staining in urine

Nosocomial pneumonia causes

pseudomonas (assc with Burkholderia cepacia) S aureus H. influenza enterics

Risks for pseudomonas pneumonia

cystic fibrosis | ventilation

Anaerobic pneumo causes/sx

fusobacterium and bacteroides | foul smelling sputum

Anthrax characteristics

gram (+) rod box car shaped polyglutamic acid capsule antrhax toxin/endospores

Dx of yersinia pestis

``` coccobacillus gram (-) bipolar staining aka safety pin stain ```

Q fever cause

coxiella burnetii gram (-) coccobacillus intracellular unpasteurized milk/cattle,sheep, goats

Francisella tularensis

gram (-) coccobacillus rabbit fever intracellular growth on charcoal yeast or Cysteine/Glc blood agar

Tuberculosis characteristics

mycolic acid cell wall (acid fast stain) cord factor has serpentine arrangement (virulence) sulfatide prevents lysosomal fusion causes TNF-alpha release

Dx of TB

auramine rhadamine stain/acid fast stain Lowenstein-Jensen agar growth PPD test (type IV HS)

MAC pneumonia

immunocompromised (low CD4 count) | acid fast gram (+) rod

Nocardia characteristics

gram (+) weakly acid fast branching filaments dx on blood or chocolate agar (fluffy on culture)

Causes of otitis media

Strep pneumo H. influenza Moraxella catarrhalis

Strep pneumo dx/labs

lancet shaped gram (+) alpha-hemolytic optochin sensitive bile soluble

Causes of epiglottitis

most commonly H. influenza S. aureus S. pneumo S. pyogenes

Virulence factors of H. influenza

polyribitol phosphate capsule IgA protease endotoxin

Vaccine for H. flu

based on type B capsule | conjugated

Moraxella catarrhalis characteristics

gram (-) diplococci beta-lactamase producing causes otitis media

Pseudomonas labs/tests

``` blue/green color smells like grapes gram (-) rod fermentation (-)/oxidase (+) growth on chocolate and MacConkey ```

Strep pyogenes pharyngitis

enlarged LN palatal petechiae tonsillar hypertrophy scarlet fever rash

Strep pyogenes tests/labs

``` gram (+) diplococci beta-hemolytic bactracin sensitivie PYR (+) catalase (-) ```

M protein tissues with crossreactivity

cardiac myosin sarcolemmal membrane protein synovium articular cartilage

Nephrogenic strep pyogenes

children ages 6-10 immune complex deposition in kidneys/glomerulonephritis follows pharyngitis/cellulitis

Sx of nephrogenic strep pyogenes

hematuria (cola colored) periorbital edema HTN

Cause of nephrogenic strep pyogenes rxn

nephritis assc plasmin receptor (NAPlr) | SPE B

Dx of strep pyogenes

ASO-titer | anti-DNase B

S. pyogenes pyrogenic toxins

A-D A and C lysogenized cause Scarlet fever

Clostridia diphtheriae characteristics

gram (+) rod club like swellings on ends tox gene (iron regulated) inhibits elongation factor 2

Sx of diphtheriae

pseudomembrane that bleeds when removed bull neck conjunctivitis

Dx of C. diphtheriae

Loeffler's/Tellurite agar modified ELEK test tox gene PCR

Bordatella pertussis virulence factors

gram (-) coccobacillus filamentous hemaglutinin/pertactin bind ciliated cells pertussis toxin inhibits Gi (increases cAMP) adenylate toxin increases cAMP production

Stages of pertussis

catarrhal-highly contagious paroxysmal-whooping cough convalescence

Pertussis prevention

acellular vaccine | pertussis toxin + FH+ fimbriae + pertactin

Dx of pertussis

Regan-Lowe charcoal agar | DFA stain

Tx for pertussis

erythromycin

Tx for diphtheria

erythromycin/penicillin

Exam 2 Micro Flashcards

(63 cards)