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Flashcards in Oncology Deck (25)
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1
Q

Oncologic emergencies (4)

A

hypercalcemia
spinal cord compression (tx with steroids)
pericardial tamponade
tumor lysis syndrome

2
Q

Risk with lobular carcinoma insitu of breast

A

increased breast cancer in both breasts

3
Q

Dx of MGUS (3)

A

IgG spike <10% plasma cells in marrow

Bence Jones protein

4
Q

Sx of multiple myeloma (4)

A

hypercalcemia/lytic bone lesions
normocytic anemia
renal failure
cord compression

5
Q

Dx of multiple myeloma (5)

A
monoclonal spike on electrophoresis
lytic bone lesions
marrow >10% plasma cells
rouleaux formation
Bence Jones proteins
6
Q

Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia dx

A

IgM>5g/dL

hyperviscosity

7
Q

Types of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (4)

A
nodular sclerosing (most common)
mixed cellularity (Reed Sternberg cells)
lymphocyte predominant
lymphocyte deplete (worst prognosis)
8
Q

Tx of Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

stage I,II, IIIA use radiotheraphy

stage IIIB or IV use chemotherapy

9
Q

Risks for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A
HIV
organ transplant
EBV, HTLV-1
hx of H. pylori
autoimmune disease (MALT)
10
Q

Lymph node suspicion

A

LN >1cm over 4 weeks needs bx

11
Q

Tx for NHL

A

CHOP therapy:

cyclocphosphamide, hydroxydaunomycin, oncovin, prednisone

12
Q

Difference between acute and chronic leukemias

A

Acute-immature blast cells with no function, progresses rapidly
Chronic-some blast cells but have partial function, less rapid progression

13
Q

Dx of acute leukemia

A

WBC 1000 to 100,000
increased blasts in periphery
marrow replaced by blasts
pancytopenia

14
Q

Sx of acute leukemias

A
neutropenia with infections
testicular involvement in ALL
skin nodules in AML
hepatosplenomegaly
thrombocytopenia with bleeding
15
Q

Types of acute leukemias

A

ALL-children less than 15,

AML- adults, t(15:17), tx with retinoic acid

16
Q

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia findings

A

most common >50yrs
least aggressive leukemia
indolent
mature, defective lymphocytes

17
Q

Dx of CLL

A

50,000 to 100,000 WBCs
pancytopenia
smudge cells
flow cytometry and blood smear with clonal B cell population

18
Q

Chronic myeloid leukemia findings

A

over 40y/o
indolent course, then can convert to blast crisis
t(9:22)

19
Q

Dx of CML

A

50,000 to 200,000 WBCs with L shift
eosinophilia
decreased leukocyte alkaline phosphate (LAP)
thrombocytosis

20
Q

Tx for CML

A

imatinib

21
Q

Dx of polycythemia vera (4)

A

Hct>50%
decreased EPO levels
elevated B12 and uric acid
bone marrow bx

22
Q

Tx for polycythemia vera

A

repeat phlebotomy

23
Q

Dx of myelodysplastic syndromes (5)

A

dysplastic marrow with blasts or ringed sideroblasts
decreased reticulocyte count
Howell-Jolly bodies
basophilic stippling

24
Q

Tx for myelodysplastic syndromes

A

RBC and platelet transfusions

25
Q

Dx of essential thrombocythemia

A

hypogranular, abd platelets
increased megakarocytes in marrow
platelets > 600,000