Pharm

Question 1

Half life eqn

Answer 1

t(half)=0.7*Vd/CL

Question 2

Volume of distribution eqn

Answer 2

Vd=amt in body/plasma conc

Question 3

Clearance eqn

Answer 3

CL=rate of elimination/plasma conc

Question 4

Loading dose eqn

Answer 4

LD=Cp*(Vd/F)

Cp=target plasma conc

Question 5

Maintenance dose eqn

Answer 5

MD=Cp*CL/F

Question 6

Half lives to reach steady state

Answer 6

4-5

Question 7

Action of competitive antagonist

Answer 7

decreases potency

Question 8

Action of noncompetitive antagonist

Answer 8

decrease efficacy

Question 9

Nicotinic receptors

Answer 9

ACh
Na+/K+ channels
Nn on autonomic ganglia
Nm on NMJ

Question 10

Muscarinic receptors

Answer 10

ACh
G protein coupled
M1-CNS, Gq
M2-heart, Gi
M3-smooth m., endocrine, accomodation, Gq

Question 11

D1 receptor

Answer 11

relaxes renal vascular smooth m.

Question 12

D2 receptor

Answer 12

modulates CNS neurotransmitters

Question 13

Bethanechol use

Answer 13

activates bowel/bladder smooth m.

ACh agonist

Question 14

Carbachol use

Answer 14

glaucoma/decreases intraocular P

Ach agonist

Question 15

Pilocarpine use

Answer 15

open and closed angle glaucoma

contracts ciliary m. and pupillary sphincter

Question 16

Uses of anticholintesterases

Answer 16

Myasthenia gravis/anticholinergic toxicity
Neostigmine/pyridostigmine
edrophonium/physostigmine/donepezil

Question 17

Use for physostigmine

Answer 17

anticholinergic toxicity

crosses BBB

Question 18

Use of donepezil

Answer 18

Alzheimer’s disease

anticholinesterase action

Question 19

Antidote for anticholinergic agents

Answer 19

atropine + pralidoxime

Question 20

Muscarinic antagonists

Answer 20

atropine/tropicamide
benztropine
scpolamine
ipratropium/tiotropium
oxybutynin
glycopyrrolate

Question 21

Use of Benztropine

Answer 21

Parkinson’s disease

ACh antagonist

Question 22

Use of scopolamine

Answer 22

motion sickness

ACh antagonist

Question 23

Use of atropine/tropicamide

Answer 23

pupil dilation

Question 24

Risk with atropine

Answer 24

can cause acute angle closure glaucoma in elderly

due to pupil dilation

Question 25

Terbutaline

Answer 25

beta agonist | can reduce premature uterine contractions

Question 26

Central acting alpha2 agonists

Answer 26

clonidine | alpha-methyldopa

Question 27

Use of phenoxybenzamine

Answer 27

pheochromocytoma alpha blocker (irreversible) phentolamine is reversible

Question 28

Use of mirtazapine

Answer 28

for depression alpha 2 antagonist also increases apetite

Question 29

Beta-1 selective antagonists

Answer 29

``` acebutolol betaxolol esmolol atenolol metoprolol MABES ```

Question 30

Nonselective beta antagonists

Answer 30

propranolol timolol nadolol pindolol

Question 31

Nonselective alpha/beta antagonists

Answer 31

carvedilol | labetalol

Question 32

Tx for digitalis OD

Answer 32

Lidocaine Abs to dig Mg2+

Question 33

Tx for lead poisoning

Answer 33

dimercaprol/succimer/CaEDTA

Question 34

Tx for iron overload

Answer 34

deferoxamine

Question 35

Tx for Hg/Arsenic/gold OD

Answer 35

dimercaprol/succimer

Question 36

Tx for Copper OD

Answer 36

penicillamine

Question 37

Tx for cyanide poisoning

Answer 37

nitrite + thiosulfate

Question 38

Tx for methanol poisoning

Answer 38

fomepizole

Question 39

Tx for benzodiazepine OD

Answer 39

flumazenil

Question 40

Drugs causing flushing

Answer 40

vancomycin niacin CCB's

Question 41

Drug causing dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 41

doxorubicin

Question 42

Drugs causing torsades de pointes

Answer 42

Class IA and III antiarrhythmics

Question 43

Drugs causing hemolysis in G6PD deficiency

Answer 43

``` INH sulfa drugs primaquine aspirin ibuprofen nitrofurantoin ```

Question 44

Drugs causing pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 44

amiodarone bleomycin busulfan

Question 45

Drugs causing gingival hyperplasia

Answer 45

phenytoin | verapamil

Question 46

Tendon rupture adverse effect drug

Answer 46

fluoroquinolones

Question 47

Drugs inducing CYP450

Answer 47

``` barbiturates St John's Wort phenytoin rifampin excess EtOH intake ```

Question 48

Drugs inhibiting CYP450

Answer 48

``` macrolides grapefruit juice isoniazid ketoconazole quinidine ```