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Flashcards in Nephrology Deck (35)
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1
Q

Definition of acute kidney injury

A

Cr increased 50%

or Cr increased by 0.5mg/dL

2
Q

Drugs causing prerenal azotemia (3)

A

NSAIDs
ACEI
cyclosporin

3
Q

Definition of oliguria

A

between 100 to 500 mL/day of urinary output

4
Q

Labs for prerenal azotemia (4)

A

oliguria
BUN:Cr >20:1
urine osmolality >500mOsm/kg
FEna <1%

5
Q

Causes of nephrotoxic ATN (6)

A
aminoglycosides
NSAIDs
vancomycin
rhabdomyolysis
cisplatin
multiple myeloma
6
Q

Labs for intrinsic AKI (3)

A

BUN:Cr < 350mOsm/kg

FEna >2%

7
Q

Tx for different types of AKI

A

prerenal-IV NS
intrinsic-furosemide trial
postrenal-urology consult/catheter

8
Q

Causes of CKD (3)

A

DM most common
HTN
chronic GN

9
Q

Sx of CKD

A

HTN
uremia
normocytic anemia
Vit D deficiency (high phosphate, low calcium)

10
Q

Tx for CKD

A

low protein diet
ACEI
smoking cessation
EPO for anemia

11
Q

Indications for dialysis

A
Acidosis
Electrolytes (hyperkalemia)
Intox (EtOH, methanol)
Overload (volume)
Uremia
12
Q

Nephrotic syndrome findings

A

albumin loss >3.5g/day in urine
hypoalbuminemia with edema
hyperlipidemia

13
Q

Tx for nephrotic syndrome

A

ACEI
statin
diuretics
tx underlying disease

14
Q

Causes of gross hematuria (6)

A
nephrolithiasis
cancer/UTI
GN
sickle cell
cyclophosphamide
analgesic nephropathy
15
Q

(+) urine dipstick with no hematuria on UA

A

hemoglobinuira or myoglobinuira

16
Q

Nephritic syndrome findings

A

HTN
hematuria
azotemia

17
Q

Assc with membranous glomerulonephritis

A

Hep B/C
syphilis
malaria

18
Q

Assc with IgA nephropathy

A

URT infection 1-5 days prior

19
Q

Assc with membranoproliferative GN

A

Hep C

cryoglobulinemia

20
Q

Causes of acute interstitial nephritis (4)

A

drugs most commonly
infection
sarcoid
SLE

21
Q

Sx of acute interstitial nephritis (4)

A

rash
fever
eosinophilia in urine
pyuria/hematuria

22
Q

Causes of renal papillary necrosis (4)

A

analgesic nephropathy most common
sickle-cell
EtOH
diabetic nephropathy

23
Q

Renal tubular acidosis types

A

I-failure of H+ secretion in distal tubule
II-failure of bicarb resorption in prox tubule
IV-hypoaldosteronism

24
Q

Assc with medullary sponge kidney

A

hyperparathyroidism (adenoma)

25
Q

Tx for sickle cell nephropathy

A

ACEI

26
Q

Risks for prostate cancer

A

age most important
black
high fat diet

27
Q

Indications for transrectal ultrasound

A

abn DRE
PSA>10
PSA change over 0.75/year

28
Q

Risks for renal cell carcinoma (4)

A

smoking
phenacetin analgesics
ADPKD
heavy metals

29
Q

Risks for bladder cancer (3)

A

smoking #1
aniline dyes
cyclophosphamide

30
Q

Types of testicular cancers (5)

A
seminoma-most common
embryonal-mets
chriocarcinoma-aggressive
Yolk sac-young boys
Leydig cell-precious puberty
31
Q

Markers for testicular cancer

A

choriocarcinoma-beta hCG

embryonal-AFP

32
Q

Testicular torsion timeframe

A

surgery within 6hrs

33
Q

Causes of epididymitis

A

old men- E. coli

young men- gonorrhea/chlamydia

34
Q

Normal daily urine output

A

800-1500mL

35
Q

Hct change with dehydration

A

increase 3% per 1L fluid lost