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Flashcards in First Aid Buzzwords Deck (235)
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1
Q

Self-mutilation/excess uric acid

A

Lesh-Nyhan syndrome

2
Q

Nucleotide excision repair defect

A

Xeroderma pigmentosum

3
Q

Mismatch repair defect

A

HNPCC

4
Q

Nonhomologous end joining defect

A

ataxia telangiectasia

5
Q

Partial albinism/recurrent infections

A

Chediak-Higashi syndrome

6
Q

Situs inversus/recurrent sinusitis

A

Kartagener’s syndrome

7
Q

Defect type I collagen/blue sclera

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

8
Q

Defect in type III collagen

A

Ehlers-Danlos

9
Q

Defect in type IV collagen

A

Alport syndrome

10
Q

Defect in fibrillin-1/collagen cross linking

A

Marfan’s syndrome

11
Q

Imprinting

A

Prader-Willi (paternal)

Angelman’s (materanal)

12
Q

FGF3 receptor defect

A

Achondroplasia

13
Q

APC gene/chromosome 5

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis

14
Q

Lisch nodules

A

Neurofibromatosis 1 (von Recklinghausen’s)

15
Q

Ret gene mutations

A

MEN 2A and 2B

16
Q

Ash leaf spots

A

Tuberous sclerosis

17
Q

deletion of Phe 508

A

Cystic fibrosis

18
Q

Pseudohypertrophy of calves

A

Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

19
Q

FMR1 gene/hypermethylation

A

Fragile X syndrome

20
Q

CGG repeat

A

Fragile X syndrome

21
Q

CAG repeat

A

Huntington’s

22
Q

GAA repeat

A

Friedreich’s ataxia

23
Q

CTG repeat

A

Myotonic dystrophy

24
Q

Micrognathia/low set ears

A

Edwards syndrome

25
Q

microphthalmia/microcephaly/rocker bottom feet

A

Patau’s syndrome

26
Q

High pitched crying/mewing

A

Cri du chat, chromosome 5 microdeletion

27
Q

Extreme friendliness to strangers/elfin facies

A

Williams syndrome, chromosome 7

28
Q

Confabulation/ataxia

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff (B1)

29
Q

Dementia/dermatitis/diarrhea

A

Pellegra/B3 deficiency

30
Q

Deficiency with excess raw egg consumption

A

B7 (biotin)

31
Q

Deficiency with Diphyllobothrium latum

A

B12 (cobalamin)

32
Q

Heinz bodies/Bite Cells

A

G6PD deficiency

33
Q

Aldolase B deficiency

A

Fructose intolerance

34
Q

Asterixis/cerebral edema/blurring vision

A

Ammonia intoxication

35
Q

Must body odor

A

PKU

36
Q

Dark CT/brown sclera

A

Alkaptonuria

37
Q

Lens subluxation/osteoporosis/atherosclerosis

A

Homocystinuria

38
Q

Urine smells like Canada

A

Maple syrup urine disease

39
Q

Angiokeratoma/cardio & renal involvment

A

Fabry’s disease

40
Q

Macrophages that look like crumple tissue paper

A

Gaucher’s disease

41
Q

Optic atrophy/globoid cells

A

Krabbe’s disease

42
Q

Corneal clouding/gargoylism

A

Hurler’s syndrome

43
Q

Bordet-Gengou agar

A

B. pertussis

44
Q

Tellurite/Loeffler’s media

A

C. diphtheriae

45
Q

Eaton’s agar

A

M. pneumoniae

46
Q

Pseudomembrane/bull neck

A

C. diphtheria

47
Q

Rice water diarrhea

A

Vibrio cholerae

48
Q

Whooping cough

A

Bordetella pertussis

49
Q

Optochin sensitive

A

Strep pneumo

50
Q

Bacitracin sensitive

A

strep pyogenes

51
Q

Novobiocin sensitive

A

staph epidermidis

52
Q

Prosthetic valves bug

A

staph epidermidis

53
Q

Dental caries bug

A

Strep mutans

54
Q

Scarlet fever

A

Strep pyogenes

55
Q

Meningitis in infants/neonates

A

Group B strep

56
Q

Colorectal cancer endocarditis

A

Strep bovis

57
Q

Honey/floppy baby

A

C. botulinum

58
Q

Diarrhea after clindamycin/ampicillin

A

C. difficile

59
Q

D-glutamic capsule

A

Anthrax

60
Q

Rice/pasta eating

A

Bacillus cereus

61
Q

Tumbling motility/milk and deli meats

A

Listeria monocytogenes

62
Q

Yellow sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces

63
Q

Waterhouse Friderichsen syndrome

A

N. meningitis

64
Q

Cherry red epiglottis

A

type B H. influenzae

65
Q

Malignant otits externa

A

Pseudomonas

66
Q

Red currant jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella

67
Q

Weil’s disease

A

Leptospira interrogans

68
Q

Cat scratch

A

Bartonella

69
Q

Louse/recurrent fever

A

Borrelia recurrentis

70
Q

Lone Star tick

A

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

71
Q

Animal bite

A

Pasteurella multocida

72
Q

Epidemic typhus

A

Rickettsia prowazekii

73
Q

Dermacentor tick bite

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

74
Q

US southeast/fleas

A

Rickettsia typhi

75
Q

Clue cells

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

76
Q

Morula

A

Ehrlichiosis

77
Q

Ohio/caves

A

Histoplasmosis

78
Q

Broad based budding yeast

A

Blastomycosis

79
Q

Spherules

A

Coccidioidomycosis

80
Q

Captain’s wheel formation/Latin America

A

Paracoccidioidomycosis

81
Q

Spaghetti and meatballs on prep

A

Tinea versicolor

82
Q

Pseudohyphae

A

Candida

83
Q

Acute angle branching hyphae

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

84
Q

Soap bubble lesions/capsular halos

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

85
Q

Nasal infiltrate/diabetic

A

Mucor/Rhizopus

86
Q

90 degree branching hyphae

A

Mucor/Rhizopus

87
Q

Disc shaped yeast/silver stain

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

88
Q

Cigar shaped yeast/gardening

A

Sporothrix schenckii

89
Q

Falling leaf motility/bilobed nuclei

A

Giardia lamblia

90
Q

Flask shaped ulcer/dysentery

A

Entamoeba histolytica

91
Q

Diarrhea in AIDS pts

A

Cryptosporidium

92
Q

Ring enhancing lesions/cats

A

Toxoplasmosis

93
Q

Freshwater/rapid meningoenchephalitis

A

Naegleria fowleri

94
Q

Tsetse fly

A

T. brucei

95
Q

RBC with merozoites

A

Plasmodium (malaria)

96
Q

Maltese cross

A

Babesia

97
Q

Reduviid bug

A

T. cruzi

98
Q

Female sandfly

A

Lesihmania donovani

99
Q

Strawberry cervix

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

100
Q

Anemia/worms in GI

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

101
Q

Female blackfly

A

Onchocerca volvulus

102
Q

Female mosquito

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

103
Q

Deer fly/horse fly/mango fly

A

Loa loa

104
Q

Cysticercosis

A

Taenia solium

105
Q

B12 deficiency/worm in GI

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

106
Q

Hydatid cyst disease

A

Echinococcus granulosus

107
Q

Lateral spine

A

Schistosoma mansoni

108
Q

SCC of bladder bug

A

Schistosoma haematobium

109
Q

Cholangiocarcinoma bug

A

Clonorchis sinensis

110
Q

DNA virus replicating in cytosol

A

Poxvirus

111
Q

AIDS retinitis

A

CMV

112
Q

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

A

JC virus

113
Q

Downey cells/atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

114
Q

Diarrhea in children/infants

A

rotavirus

115
Q

Aedes mosquito

A

Yellow fever virus

116
Q

Postauricular adenopathy with rash

A

Rubella virus

117
Q

Koplick spots

A

Measles virus

118
Q

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

A

Mealses virus

119
Q

Bull neck/orchitis

A

Mumps virus

120
Q

Bullet shaped virus

A

Rabies

121
Q

Negri bodies

A

Rabies

122
Q

High mortality in pregnant women virus

A

HEV (RNA hepevirus)

123
Q

Hairy leukoplakia

A

EBV

124
Q

Bug mimicing appendicitis

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

sometimes Campylobacter jejuni or Salmonella

125
Q

Grows at 42 degrees C

A

Campylobacter

126
Q

Swarming motility on agar

A

Proteus mirabilis

127
Q

Howell-Jolly bodies

A

Post splenectomy

128
Q

DR2 asscs

A

MS, SLE, Goodpasture’s

129
Q

B27 asscs

A

Psoriasis
ankylosing spondylitis
IBS
Reiter’s syndrome

130
Q

Complement mediated lysis of RBC’s

A

GPI anchored enzyme defect/PNH

131
Q

Neisseria recurrent infections

A

MAC defeciency (C5-C9)

132
Q

Anticentromere Abs

A

Scleroderma/CREST

133
Q

Antimitochondrial Abs

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

134
Q

Antimicrosomal Abs

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

135
Q

Antismooth muscle Abs

A

autoimmune hepatitis

136
Q

Anti-glutamate decarboxylase Abs

A

Type 1 DM

137
Q

No B cells/recurrent infections

A

Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia

138
Q

Coarse facies/retained primary teeth/increased IgE/infections

A

Job’s syndrome

139
Q

ATM gene/DNA repair enzyme defect/low IgA

A

Ataxia telangiectasia

140
Q

Thrombocytopenic purpura/infections/eczema

A

Wiskoot Aldrich syndrome

141
Q

binds cyclophilins

A

Cyclosporine

142
Q

Binds FK-binding protein/calcineurin

A

Tacrolimus

143
Q

Inhibits mTOR

A

Sirolimus

144
Q

Ret gene

A

MEN 2A and 2B

145
Q

bcl-2 & t(14:18)

A

follicular cell lymphoma

146
Q

c-myc & t(8:14)

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

147
Q

Bombesin marker

A

Neuroblastoma

lung/gastric cancer

148
Q

TRAP stain

A

hairy cell leukemia

149
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

mesothelioma
meningioma
papillary thyroid carcinoma
serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary

150
Q

Fixed S2 splitting

A

ASD

151
Q

Wide S2 splitting

A

RBBB/pulmonic stenosis

152
Q

Paradoxical S2 splitting

A

LBBB/aortic stenosis

153
Q

Bounding pulses/head bobbing

A

aortic regurg

154
Q

Boot shaped heart

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

155
Q

Rib notching

A

Coarctation of aorta

156
Q

onion skinning of arterioles

A

hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis

157
Q

Contraction bands on heart

A

12-24 hrs post MI

158
Q

Waxy fibers on heart

A

4-12 hrs post MI

159
Q

Sterile heart valve vegetations

A

Libman Sacks endocarditis (from lupus)

160
Q

Aschoff bodies and Anitschkow cells

A

Rheumatic fever

161
Q

Tree bark appearance of aorta

A

tertiary syphilis

162
Q

Jaw claudication/unilateral headache

A

Temporal cell arteritis

163
Q

Pulseless upper extremities

A

Takayasu’s arteritis

164
Q

Hep B/vessel disease

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

165
Q

Follows infection/coronary aneursym

A

Kawasaki disease

166
Q

Male smokers under 40, claudication

A

Buerger’s disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)

167
Q

p-ANCA (+) with no granulomas

A

microscopic polyangiitis

168
Q

Necrotizing granulomas/GN/focal necrotizing vasculitis

A

Wegener’s granulomatosis

169
Q

Asthma/palpable purpura/neuropathy

A

Churg-Strauss syndrome

170
Q

Palpable purpura/arthralgia/GI pain

A

Henoch-Schoenlein purpura

171
Q

Port-wine stain/seizures

A

Sturge-Weber disease

172
Q

Male with pseudohermaphroditism/HTN

A

17alpha-hydroxylase deficiency

173
Q

Female masculinization/hypotension/hyperkalemia

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

174
Q

HTN/masculinization of female

A

11beta-hydroxylase deficiency

175
Q

Skin hyperpigmentation/hypotension

A

Addison’s disease

176
Q

Urinary VMA

A

pheochromocytoma

177
Q

Urinary homovanillic acid

A

Neuroblastoma

178
Q

Huerthle cells

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

179
Q

Empty appearing nuclei (Orphan Annie’s eyes)

A

Papillary thyroid carcinoma

180
Q

Pretibial myxedema/proptosis

A

Grave’s disease

181
Q

Bone filled with brown fibrous tissue

A

Osteitis fibrosa cystica

182
Q

Lack of PTH response in kidneys/shortened 4th and 5th digits

A

Albrights hereditary osteodystrophy

183
Q

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules

A

Diabets mellitus on glomeruli

184
Q

Recurrent ulcers/ulcers in duodenum

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

185
Q

Double bubble on radiograph

A

Duodenal atresia

186
Q

PAS (+) stain/foamy macrophages

A

Whipple’s disease

187
Q

Signet ring cells

A

Diffuse gastric cancer/Krukenberg tumor

188
Q

Skip lesions/string sign

A

Crohn’s disease

189
Q

Lead pipe colon/sclerosing cholangitis

A

Ulcerative colitis

190
Q

Currant jelly stool

A

Intussusception

191
Q

Apple core lesion

A

Colorectal cancer

192
Q

Dense core bodies on EM

A

Carcinoid tumor

193
Q

Mallory bodies

A

Alcoholic hepatitis

194
Q

Lipids in enterocytes

A

abetalipoproteinemia

195
Q

Bug within macrophages

A

Histoplasmosis

196
Q

Macrophages with amastigotes

A

Leishmania donovani

197
Q

No IgA

A

Ataxia telangiectasia

198
Q

Giant granules in neutrophils

A

Chediak-Higashi

199
Q

Spider cells

A

rhabdomyomas

200
Q

Hypertrophied stomach rugae

A

Menerier’s disease

201
Q

Onion skin of bile duct

A

primary sclerosing cholangitis

202
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophiles

A

B12/folate deficiency

203
Q

Basophilic stippling

A

thalassemia/Pb poisoning

204
Q

Bite cell

A

G6PD deficiency

205
Q

Schuffner dots

A

Plasmodium vivax/ovale

206
Q

large vWF multimers

A

TTP

207
Q

Binucleate, CD30/15 (+) B cells

A

Reed sternberg cells/Hodgkin’s lymphoma

208
Q

Starry sky appearance

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

209
Q

Rouleaux formation

A

Multiple myeloma

210
Q

Clock face chromatin

A

Multiple myeloma

211
Q

TdT (+)

A

ALL

212
Q

Smudge cells

A

CLL

213
Q

Auer rods

A

AML

214
Q

Birbeck granules (tennis rackets)

A

Langhans histiocytosis

215
Q

Woven bone pattern

A

Paget’s of bone

216
Q

Schaumann/asteroid bodies

A

Sarcoidosis

217
Q

Lewy bodies

A

Parkinson’s

218
Q

Neurofibrillary tangles

A

Alzheimer’s

219
Q

Pick bodies

A

Frontotemporal dementia

220
Q

Whorled pattern of spindle cells

A

meningioma

221
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells

A

Glioblastoma multiform

222
Q

Rosenthal fibers

A

pilocytic astrocytoma

223
Q

Homer-Wright rosettes

A

medulloblastoma

224
Q

Spike and dome appearance of glomeruli

A

Membranous nephropathy

225
Q

Tram track appearance of glomerlui

A

Membranoproliferative GN

226
Q

Whorled pattern of smooth muscle

A

leiomyoma

227
Q

Sheets of uniform cells

A

Dysgerminoma

228
Q

Schiller Duval bodies

A

Yolk sac tumor

229
Q

Call-Exner bodies

A

granulosa cell tumor

230
Q

Reinke crystals

A

Leydig cell tumor

231
Q

Curschmann spirals

A

Asthma (mucus plugs)

232
Q

Charcot-Leyden crystals

A

Asthma (eosinophil breakdown)

233
Q

Eggshell calcifications

A

Silicosis

234
Q

Golden-brown fusiform rods

A

Asbestos bodies

235
Q

Kulchitsky cells

A

Small cell carcinoma of lung