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Flashcards in Path Deck (41)
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1
Q

Nuclear shrinkage from apoptosis

A

pyknosis

2
Q

Nuclear fragmentation from apoptosis

A

karyorrhexis

3
Q

Intrinsic apoptosis pathway

A

increased mitochondrial permeability

cytochrome c release

4
Q

Extrinsic apoptosis pathway

A

CD95 receptor binding

cytotoxic T cell destruction

5
Q

Coagulative necrosis

A

heart
liver
kidney

6
Q

Liequefactive necrosis

A

brain

pleural effusion

7
Q

Fibrinoid necrosis

A

blood vessels

8
Q

Areas of ischemia vulnerability

A
watershed areas of brain
subendocardium
renal cortex
zone III of liver (around central v.)
splenic flexure
9
Q

Pale infarcts

A

solid tissues

single blood supply

10
Q

Tight binding of WBC’s to endothelium

A

I-CAM1 mediated

11
Q

Chemo attractants for leukocytes

A

C5a
IL-8
LTB4
kallikrein

12
Q

Mediation of cachexia

A

TNF-alpha
IFN-gamma
IL-6

13
Q

Malignancy assc with Down syndrome

A

ALL (more so)

AML

14
Q

Tuberous sclerosis neoplasms

A

renal angiomyolipoma
cardiac rhabdomyoma
astrocytoma

15
Q

c-myc gene translocation assc

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

t(8:14)

16
Q

bcl-2 gene translocation assc

A

Follicular lymphoma

t(14:18)

17
Q

abl gene translocation assc

A

CML
t(9:22)
Philadelphia chromosome

18
Q

ras mutation assc

A

colon carcinoma

19
Q

ret mutation assc

A

MEN types 2A and 2B

20
Q

p53 mutation assc

A

Li-Fraumeni syndrome

seen in most cancers

21
Q

melanoma gene mutation assc

A

p16

BRAF

22
Q

NF-1 mutation

A

assc with neurofibromatosis type 1

lack of RAS signal regulation

23
Q

NF-2 mutation

A

merlin/schwannomin protein loss

24
Q

alpha-fetoprotein use

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

germ cell tumors

25
Q

beta-hCG use

A

hydatidiform moles

choriocarcinomas

26
Q

TRAP stain use

A

hairy cell leukemia

27
Q

Schistosoma haematobium malignancy assc

A

bladder cancer

has terminal spine/hematuria

28
Q

Clonorchis sinensis malignancy assc

A

cholangiocarcinoma

29
Q

3 carcinogens on liver

A

aflatoxins (form aspergillus)-carcinoma
vinyl chloride-angiosarcoma
CCl4-centrilobular necrosis

30
Q

Risk of naphthalene/aniline dyes

A

transitional cell carcinoma of bladder

31
Q

Malignancy assc with increased ACTH

A

Small cell lung carcinoma

causes Cushing’s syndrome

32
Q

Malignancy assc with increased ADH

A

small cell lung carcinoma

intracranial neoplasms

33
Q

Malignancy assc with increased Ca2+/PTH

A

SCC of lung
renal cell carcinoma
breast cancer

34
Q

Lambert-Eaton syndrome assc with malignancy

A

small cell lung carcinoma

35
Q

Psammoma bodies assc

A
papillary adenocarcinoma of thyroid
serious papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary
meningioma
mesothelioma
calcific spherules seen
36
Q

Deposition of Ig light chains

A

Amyloidosis (AL)

37
Q

Deposition of serum amyloid A

A

Amyloidosis (AA) in chronic diseases

38
Q

Deposition of beta2-microglobulins

A

Dialysis related Amyloidosis

39
Q

Deposition of transthyretin

A

Heritable amyloidosis from gene mutation

40
Q

Deposition of transthyretin in myocardium

A

Senile amyloidosis, slower progression

41
Q

Cancer assc with Plummer-Vinson syndrome

A

SCC of esophagus