Final Exam Review

Question 1

Which are the zinc-dependent toxins?

Answer 1

Botulinum and tetanus

Question 2

One of the first signs of schistosomiasis infection is _________.

Answer 2

pruritus

Question 3

What are immunotoxins?

Answer 3

Toxins that are guided to certain cells (such as tumors) with antibodies

Question 4

During the latent period, virus ____________.

Answer 4

is being replicated in the cell, but no virus particles are being assembled

Question 5

Which toxin requires calcium and calmodulin to become active?

Answer 5

Antrax edema factor

Question 6

What does terbinafine kill and how?

Answer 6

Fungus, by the accumulation of intracellular toxins

Question 7

Nystatin is a ______ anti-fungal.

Answer 7

topical

Question 8

Bacteria that require vitamins, amino acids, and growth factors are called _______.

Answer 8

fastidious

Question 9

The _______ are the organs that are most affected by schistosomiasis infection.

Answer 9

liver and bladder

Question 10

Bordadella pertussis works by ________.

Answer 10

inhibiting phagocytosis

Question 11

tetM is transferred on ________.

Answer 11

conjugative transposons

Question 12

Cholera toxin works by ______________.

Answer 12

raising intracellular cAMP

Question 13

MacKonkey agars select for __________.

Answer 13

Gram-negative bacteria

Question 14

Two lactose fermentators that could be found on a MacKonkey agar are __________.

Answer 14

E. coli and Klebsiella

Question 15

C. diphtheria toxin results from __________.

Answer 15

lysogenic conversion

Question 16

Staph food poisoning results from _______.

Answer 16

ingestion of preformed toxin

Question 17

Glycocalyx is made by ________.

Answer 17

Staphylococcus epidermis

Question 18

C. perfringens can also be found in _________.

Answer 18

healthy people

Question 19

Gram-negative rod with intrinsic resistance to penicillin, ceftriaxone, and erythromycin?

Answer 19

P. aeruginosa

Question 20

Lacking cell wall?

Answer 20

Mycoplasma

Question 21

Antigenically distinct pili?

Answer 21

Neisseria

Question 22

Antigenically distinct capsule?

Answer 22

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 23

Both _____________ cannot be cultured.

Answer 23

chlamydia and mycoplasma

Question 24

Spastic paralysis is _________, while flaccid paralysis is ________.

Answer 24

tetanus; botulinum

Question 25

Describe bacteria on Hektoen agars.

Answer 25

Salmonella (green with black dots); Shigella (green with green dots); everything else (salmon)

Question 26

The most likely bacteria to acquire erm is ______.

Answer 26

Staph

Question 27

_______ can acquire gyrase mutations that induce resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Answer 27

Both Gram-negative and Gram-positive

Question 28

First-generation cephalosporins have spectra of action similar to ________.

Answer 28

amoxicillin

Question 29

______ can acquire mutations in PBPs.

Answer 29

Staph, Neis, and Strep

Question 30

Of cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and erythromycin, which is least effective against P. aeruginosa?

Answer 30

Erythromycin

Question 31

Aminoglycosides can kill ________.

Answer 31

Gram-negative aerobic bacilli

Question 32

Which organisms can tetracyclines kill that macrolides cannot?

Answer 32

Gram-negative rods

Question 33

In addition to MSSA, ______ also contains a beta-lactamase.

Answer 33

Klebsiella

Question 34

Can amoxicillin kill Pseudomonas?

Answer 34

No! Only piperacillin can

Question 35

B. fragilis can be killed by _________.

Answer 35

metronidazole, ertapenem, amoxicillin-clavulanate, tetracyclines, pip-taz, and clinamycin

Question 36

What three drugs/drug categories kill Neisseria?

Answer 36

Ceftriaxone, macrolides, and tetracyclines

Question 37

What three categories of drugs kill atypical bacteria?

Answer 37

Macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones

Question 38

Which antibiotics inhibit the hepatic metabolism of co-administered drugs?

Answer 38

Erythromycin and metronidazole

Question 39

Which fluoroquinolone is hepatically metabolized?

Answer 39

Ciprofloxacin

Question 40

Which antibiotic causes oral thrush?

Answer 40

Doxycycline (metronidazole can exacerbate existing infections)

Question 41

Aminoglycosides only treat ________.

Answer 41

Gram-negative aerobic bacilli

Question 42

Bactrim kills _________.

Answer 42

Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and atypical bacteria

Question 43

Which can kill Pseudomonas, tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones?

Answer 43

Fluoroquinolones

Question 44

Which bacterial class is photosensitizing?

Answer 44

Doxycycline

Question 45

Can clindamycin kill Gram-negative rods

Answer 45

Only Bacteroides, but primarily just Gram-positives and anaerobes

Question 46

Can vancomycin kill Bacteroides?

Answer 46

Nope!

Question 47

Compared to clarithromycin, azithromycin has the advantages of ___________.

Answer 47

being longer lasting, killing mycoplasma in a single dose, and does not inhibit liver enzymes

Question 48

Which class of antibiotics can prolong QT?

Answer 48

Macrolides