Flashcards in Modules 51-53 Deck (56):
1
mood:climate as -- is to weather
affect
2
Person experiences two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.
major depressive disorder
3
Person experiences mildly depressed mood more often than not for at least two years, alongwith at
least two other symptoms.
persistent depressive disorder
4
Person experiences not only depression but also mania— impulsive behavior.
bipolar disorder
5
loss of interest or pleasure
anhedonia
6
-- change with depression
behaviors and thoughts
7
T/F: depression is widespread
true
8
Women’s risk of major depression is nearly -- men’s
double
9
T/F: Most major depressive episodes end on their own.
true
10
With each new generation, depression is striking -- in life and affecting more people.
earlier
11
depression in -- are likely to be irritable and angry
men
12
Brain activity -- during depression
slows
13
left frontal lobe is -- during depression
less active
14
depressed brain has less norepinephrine and --
serotonin
15
risk increases if -- has disorders
family members
16
Twin studies data estimated heritability of major depression at -- percent
37
17
Linkage analysis points to --
“chromosome neighborhood”
18
Many -- work together and produce interacting small effects that increase risk for depression
genes
19
from most to least heritability of disorders
bipolar, schizophrenia, anorexia, major depressive, generalized anxiety
20
Psychological and social influences: Social- cognitive perspective
depressed people view self and world --
negatively
21
-- may exist with self-defeating beliefs, self-focused rumination, and self-blaming and pessimistic explanatory style
Learned helplessness
22
Explores how people’s assumptions and expectations
influence their perceptions
social-cognitive perspective
23
Views depression as an ongoing -- of stressful experiences (interpreted through negative beliefs, attributions, and memories) leading to negative moods and actions and fueling new stressful experiences
cycle
24
Involves 1 million people worldwide; higher risk with
diagnosis of depression but may occur with rebound
suicide
25
suicide is more likely to occur when people feel -- from or burden to others
disconnected
26
Includes cutting, burning, hitting oneself, pulling out hair, inserting objects under nails or skin, self- administered tattooing
nonsuicidal self-injury
27
-- percent of college students have suicidal thoughts
30%
28
suicide is the -- leading cause of deaths
3rd
29
-- is the leading factors for suicidal
depression
30
Psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression
schizophrenia
31
- Disturbed perceptions
- Disorganized thinking and speech
- Diminished and inappropriate emotions and actions
symptoms of schizophrenia
32
Form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood
chronic schizophrenia
33
form of psychosis that can begin at any age; frequently occurs in response to an emotionally traumatic event
brief psychotic disorder
34
schizophrenia: excess number of -- receptors
dopamine
35
schizophrenia: abnormal brain activity and --
anatomy
36
schizophrenia: problems with several brain regions and their --
interconnections
37
schizophrenia: -- activity in the frontal lobes
low
38
schizophrenia: more rapid --
tissue loss
39
odds of being diagnosed with schizophrenia are -- in 100
1
40
odds of being diagnosed with schizophrenia are 1 in -- for those with diagnosed family member
10
41
odds of being diagnosed with schizophrenia: adopted children's risk is related to -- parent
biological
42
schizophrenia is influenced by -- genes
many
43
schizophrenia: -- influence gene expression
epigenetic factors
44
prenatal environment and risk for schizophrenia: -- birth weight
low
45
prenatal environment and risk for schizophrenia: lack of -- during delivery
oxygen
46
prenatal environment and risk for schizophrenia: maternal prenatal --
nutrition
47
prenatal environment and risk for schizophrenia: mid pregnancy --
viral infection
48
disruptive, inflexible, and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning; forms three clusters, characterized by anxiety, eccentric or odd behaviors, and dramatic or impulsive behaviors
personality disorder
49
lack of conscience for wrongdoing; impulsive, fearless
antisocial personality disorder
50
person maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight
anorexia nervosa
51
person alternates binge eating with purging, fasting, or excessive exercise
bulimia nervosa
52
heritability rates: bipolar disorder
85%
53
heritability rates: schizophrenia
80%
54
heritability rates: anorexia nervosa
60%
55
heritability rates: major depressive disorder
35%
56