Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ARDMS > URR 45 > Flashcards

URR 45 Flashcards

(100 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Chronic pyelonephritis is more common in ____

A

women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Is chronic pyelonephritis unilateral or bilateral?

A

either or

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

causes scarring of cortex and if untreated renal failure will occur

A

chronic pyelonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lab testing chronic pyelonephritits

A

increased white blood cell count
bacteria and pus in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Symptoms chronic pyelonephritis

A

high fever
malaise
lethargy
anemia
nausea
vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

small, shrunken, mishapen kidney; small kidney with clubbing of the calyces; overlying cortical atrophy/scarring causes irregular kidney contour and cortical thinning; increased corticomedullary echogenicity; compensatory hypertrophy of contralateral kidney

A

chronic pyelonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bacterial infection associated with renal ischemia

A

Emphysematous pyelonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Infection of parenchyma of kidney with gas formation

A

emphysematous pyelonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is most commonly caused by ___ bacteria

A

E. Coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Emphysematous pyelonephritis most commonly occurs in ___, ____ and ____

A

women
diabetic patients
immunosuppressed patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Symptoms of emphysematous pyelonephritis

A

fever
leukocytosis
flank pain
dehydration
electrolyte imbalance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lab testing associated with emphysematous pyelonephritis

A

elevated WBC count and glucose level
positive serum and urine bacterial cultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Abscess formation with intrarenal air

A

emphysematous pyelonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The majority of emphysematous pyelonephritis infections extend into ____ space

A

perirenal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Emphyesmatous pyelonephritis requires _____ for treatment

A

emergency nephrectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

unilateral, enlarged, hypoechoic kidney; multiple echogenic foci with reverberation/resonance artifact in the sinus or parenchyma; may demonstrate areas of echogenicity with dirty posterior shadowing

A

emphysematous pyelonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Chronic E. Coli infection in the kidney

A

Malakoplakia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

unilateral enlarged kidney with multiple poorly defined cortical masses

A

malaoplakia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Chronic bacterial infections cause chronic obstruction which leads to destruction of parenchyma and replacement with lipid laden macrophages

A

xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is associated with ____ formation

A

phlegmon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is ___lateral and ___

A

uni
diffuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

in xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis ___% of patients have stones

A

70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is most common in ___ and ___

A

women
diabetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Lab testing associated with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

A

bacteria in urine
anemia
leukocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Symptoms of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
dull persistent pain weight loss UTI
26
Usual treatment for xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
nephrectomy
27
unilateral renal enlargement; loss of corticomedullary definition; sinus very echogenic; debris filled calyces; multiple echogenic calculi with shadowing
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
28
Common sonographic findings with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
staghorn calculus hydronephrosis
29
Mycetoma
fungal ball
30
associated with candidiasis infection that is caused by a fungus called candida albicans
mycetoma
31
most common fungal infection of the kidneys
candidiasis
32
Mycetoma is commonly seen in ___ and ____ patients
diabetics immunosuppressed
33
Mycetomas are seen with:
diabetics immunosuppressed long term use of indwelling urinary catheters history of IV drug abuse long term steroid or antibiotic therapy
34
Lab testing associated with mycetomas
hematuria bacteruria pyuria
35
Symptoms of mycetomas
flank pain chills fever
36
How are mycetomas treated?
antifungal medication
37
hyperechoic; non shadowing mass within the collecting system; can be mobile
mycetoma
38
_____ patients are at risk of numerous infections that damage the kidneys
immunocompromised
39
#1 finding on US of kidney infection
greatly increased echogenicity of kidneys
40
Other US findings associated with kidney infections
globular shaped kidneys decreased cortiomedullary definition decreased renal sinus fat
41
Corticomedullary abscesses are caused by:
ascending spread of bacteria in the urinary tract
42
Corticomedullary abscess is the end result of ____
acute bacterial nephritis
43
Symptoms of corticomedullary abscess
fever chills nausea vomiting leukocytosis
44
Corticomedullary abscesses are associated with ___, ___, ____, ___
diabetes urinary tract obstruction infected renal calculi IV drug abuse
45
refers to a renal abscess that forms in the parenchyma
renal carbuncle
46
Renal carbuncles are caused by:
hematogenous spread of staphylococcus aureus
47
Symptoms of renal carbuncle
fever chills nausea vomiting increased white blood cell count
48
hypoechoic, complex mass with irregular borders; fluid/debris levels; thick walls; shadowing from gas, may see ring down artifact
Renal abscesses
49
Collection of blood outside the kidney
hematoma
50
Hematomas can be caused by ___ or ___
trauma surgery
51
Symptoms of renal hematoma
pain hematuria
52
hematoma located between the renal cortex and capsule
subcapsular/intracapsular
53
hematoma located outside the renal capsule, between the capsule and liver (Morison pouch) or spleen
extracapsular/perirenal
54
varied appearance with age, complex mass with possible debris/septations
renal hematoma
55
An ___ hematoma will usually indent or deform renal parenchyma because the hemorrhage is trapped between the parenchyma and capsule
intracapsular
56
An ____ hematoma does not typically indent the renal parenchyma
extracapsular
57
Leakage of urine from the UPJ or UVJ
urinoma
58
Urinoma is the result of:
post-op complication
59
A urinoma usually presents __-__ weeks post-transplant
1 2
60
A urinoma may cause hydronephrosis due to ____
ureter compression
61
cystic collection adjacent to kidney, may see debris
urinoma
62
Subcapsular fluid collections usually distort or indent the renal parenchyma
urinoma
63
encapsulated collection of lymph
lymphocele
64
Lymphoceles are associated with __ or __
trauma surgery
65
A lymphocele can have a delayed presentation of up to __-__ months after surgery
2 6
66
cystic structure between kidney and bladder; fluid commonly contains debris and septations
lymphocele
67
obstruction of urine flow with dilated collecting system
hydronephrosis
68
most common site of obstruction by renal calculi
uretervesicular junction
69
Causes of unilateral hydronephrosis
UPJ stone extrinsic compression from mass malformed ureterovesicular junction
70
Causes of bilateral hydronephrosis
prostate enlargement bladder mass urethral obstruction pregnancy (right more than left)
71
Clinical symptoms of hydronephrosis
oliguria pain anuria
72
Lab testing associated with hydronephrosis
hematuria increased BUN and creatinine
73
Resistive Index >0.7 in arcuate arteries indicated associated ____
nephropathy
74
Chronic hydronephrosis can cause ____, ____, and ___
hypertension renal failure sepsis
75
dilatation of the normal collecting system
hydronephrosis
76
Minimal hydronephrosis
prominent pelvis small amount of fluid
77
mild hydronephrosis
dilated pelvis and calyces, sinus echoes visible
78
moderate hydronephrosis
dilated pelvis and calyces, no sinus echoes visible, "bear claw"
79
severe hydronephrosis
extremely dilated collecting system, compression of cortical tissue formation of parapelvic cysts
80
If hydronephrosis persists after voiding, the obstruction is proximal to the urethra indicating a possible ___, ____, or ____ is present
urethrocele UPJ obstruction ureteral obstruction
81
After voiding, if the bladder does not fully empty, it can be a ____
partial urethral obstruction
82
After voiding, if hydronephrosis resolves (fully or partially) initially but quickly returns, _____ is present.
vesicouretheral reflux
83
Dopper evaluation of ___ vessels should be performed on cases with significant hydronephrosis
parenchymal
84
Significant hydronephrosis will compress the cortical tissue causing _____ in parenchymal vessels
increased resistance
85
RI values are usually ___ in normal kidneys
low
86
pus in collecting system
pyonephrosis
87
Infection in an obstructed system, usually UPJ obstruction
pyonephrosis
88
Clinical symptoms of pyonephrosis
fever flank pain leukocytosis dysuria pyuria hematuria other symptoms of infection
89
Pyonephrosis is associated with ___. ____, and ___
perinephric abscess bacteremia septic shock
90
enlarged kidney with significant dilatation of the calyces; mobile debris and patient position dependent debris levels; stones possible; may also see dirty shadowing or ring down artifact from gas produced by bacterial infection
pyonephrosis
91
Most common cause of intrinsic (infrarenal) acute renal failure
acute tubular necrosis
92
caused by prolonged ischemia or drug toxicity that damages renal parenchymal cells
acute tubular necrosis
93
enlarged kidneys; increased RI in parenchymal vessels; pyramids appear more prominent
acute tubular necrosis
94
acute inability to remove metabolites from the blood; critical finding
acute renal failure
95
Acute renal failure leads to ___ and ___
abrupt decrease in renal function acute reduction in urine output
96
Acute renal failure is caused by ___, ___, or ___
obstruction of urine flow reduced renal perfusion renal parenchymal disease
97
Most common cause of acute renal failure
acute tubular necrosis
98
Prerenal failure
hypotension volume depletion heart failure acute occlusion of renal artery
99
Intrinsic (infrarenal) failure
acute tubular necrosis nephritic syndrome interstitial nephritis autoimmune diseases
100
Post renal failure
bilateral renal obstruction oliguria empty bladder

ARDMS (94 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions