URR 50 Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
Most common type of bladder metastasis
A
melanoma
2
Q
Common primaries to metastasize to bladder
A
melanoma
lung
gastric
breast
3
Q
A
4
Q
Extravesicular tumor invasion most commonly occurs with ___ in females
A
uterine cancer
5
Q
Extravesicular tumor invasion most commonly occurs with ____ in males
A
prostate cancer
6
Q
Bladder rupture usually related to:
A
trauma
7
Q
Indicators for a possible bladder rupture
A
presence of free fluid in the pelvis
irregular mass of tissue in lower pelvis
8
Q
complex mass of irregular tissue in the inferior midline pelvic cavity; fluid in the paracolic gutters and pelvic cul-de-sac
A
bladder rupture
9
Q
Uterine anomalies are most commonly associated with ____ anomalies
A
urinary system
10
Q
mot common fusion anomaly of the kidneys
A
Horseshoe kidneys
11
Q
Junctional Parenchymal defect most commonly affects the __ kidney
A
right
12
Q
Dromedary hump most commonly affects the __ kidney
A
left
13
Q
most common congenital urinary anomaly
A
duplicated collecting system
14
Q
common findings with a complete duplication of collecting system
A
upper pole hydronephrosis
ureterocele
15
Q
___ is common in the lower pole ureter
A
reflux
16
Q
___ and ____ are common in juvenile form of ARPKD
A
hepatic fibrosis
portal hypertension
17
Q
ADKPD is more common in ___
A
females
18
Q
MCKD is more common in ___
A
males
19
Q
most common cause of an abdominal mass in newborns
A
Multicystic kidney disease
20
Q
ADPKD is a ___ kidney condition
A
bilateral
21
Q
MCKD is a ___ kidney condition
A
unilateral
22
Q
Urinary tract infections are most commonly caused by bacteria from the ____
A
GI tract
23
Q
Most urinary tract infections occurs in the ___ and ascend into the kidneys
A
bladder
24
Q
____ commonly occurs as a late complication of pharyngitis
A
Acute Glomerulonephritis
25
Emphysematous pyelonephritis is most common in ___ and ___ patients
women
diabetic patients
26
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is most common in __ and ___ patients
women
diabetic
27
___ and ___ are common findings in Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
staghorn calculus
hydronephrosis
28
____ (mycetoma formation) is the most common fungal infection of the kidneys
Candidiasis
29
Mycetomas are most commonly seen in ___ and ___ patients
diabetics
immunosuppressed
30
most common site of obstruction by renal calculi
ureterovesicular junction
31
most common cause of acute renal failure
acute tubular necrosis
32
most common cause of chronic renal failure
diabetes mellitus
33
Free fluid in the abdomen is common in patients with ___
peritoneal dialysis
34
most common benign solid tumor of the kidney
angiomyolipoma
35
angiomyolipomas most commonly form in the ___ kidney
right
36
most common solid renal mass in adults
renal cell carcinoma
37
most common primary renal malignancy
renal cell carcinoma
38
most common type of tumor to invade the renal vein
renal cell carcinoma
39
most common symptom of renal cell carcinoma
hematuria
40
most common metastatic route to the kidneys
lung
41
Transitional cell carcinoma most commonly occurs in the:
bladder
42
most common symptom of transitional cell carcinoma
painless hematuria
43
most common malignant tumor found by sonography in pediatric patients
nephroblastoma
44
most common renal tumor identified in pediatric patients
nephroblastoma
45
most common sign of renal artery stenosis
refractory or malignant hypertension
46
most common cause of renal artery stenosis
atherosclerosis
47
Atherosclerosis most commonly occurs in the ___ segment of the artery
proximal
48
second most common cause of renal artery stenosis
fibromusculary dysplasia
49
Fibromuscular dysplasia most commonly occurs in the ____ of the artery
distal 2/3
50
Renal transplant most commonly performed due to end stage renal disease caused by ___
diabetes
51
most common indicator of transplant malfunction
elevated creatinine
52
most common post-transplant fluid collection
hematoma
53
Vesicoureteral reflux is most commonly caused by:
incompetent ureteral valve
54
Ureteroceles are commonly associated with ____
complete duplicated collecting systems
55
most common bladder pathology
cystitis
56
Cystitis is most commonly caused by ___
E. Coli
57
Extravesicular tumor invasion most commonly occurs with ____ in females
uterine cancer
58
Extravesicular tumor invasion most commonly occurs with ____ in males
prostate cancer
59
The bladder is supported posteriorly by the ___ muscle and laterally by the ___ muscles.
a. psoas, obturator internus
b. levator ani, obturator internus
c. supraspinatus, infraspinatus
d. obturator internus, psoas
b
60
What bladder region is defined by the orifices of the two ureters?
a. devonviller fascia
b. base
c. apex
d. trigone
d
61
What bony structure constricts the bladder shape laterally?
a. acetabulum
b. symphysis pubis
c. iliac crests
d. femoral heads
a
62
The bladder wall thickness should be less than __ when fully distended and less than __ when nearly empty.
a. 2mm, 5mm
b. 5mm, 10 mm
c. 3mm, 5mm
d. 1cm, 3cm
c
63
What acoustic artifact typically obscures the anterior wall of the urinary bladder?
a. refraction
b. reverberation
c. mirror image
d. propagation speed error
b
64
How is color Doppler used to evaluate the bladder and associated abnormalities?
a. to evaluate ureteral jets
b. to evaluate wall vascularity
c. to evaluate suspected calculi for twinkle artifact
d. all the above
d
65
An incompetent ureteral valve causes:
a. AV fistula
b. vesicoureteral reflux
c. vesicovaginal fistula
d. hydrocolpos
b
66
How should a suspected vesicovaginal fistula be evaluated?
a. apply color Doppler to identify fluid motion through the fistula
b. obtain pre and post void bladder images
c. administer water into the vagina and not if the bladder volume increases
d. all the above
b
67
The normal post void volume should be less than ___ if measured within 5 minutes of voiding.
a. 10 mL
b. 50 mL
c. 100 mL
d. 200 mL
c
68
What renal complication is most associated with ureteroceles?
a. renal calculi
b. renal cell carcinoma
c. hydronephrosis
d. pyonephrosis
c
69
A posterior urethral valve will cause dilatation of:
a. the renal pelvis and calyces
b. the ureter
c. the bladder
d. all the above
d
70
The most common cause of cystitis is:
a. STD
b. E. Coli bacteria
c. Fungal infection
d. vesicourethral reflux
b
71
Chronic cystitis will lead to the formation of:
a. vesicouterine fistula
b. vesicovaginal fistula
c. wall calcification
d. a urinoma
c
72
What acoustic artifacts are associated with bladder calculi?
a. reverberation and comet tail
b. mirror image and posterior shadowing
c. aliasing and blossoming
d. twinkle and posterior shadowing
d
73
The most common symptom seen with Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the bladder is:
a. urinary frequency
b. visible hematuria
c. urinary urgency
d. oliguria
b
74
Which of the following is a sonographic sign of bladder rupture?
a. no discernible bladder can be identified
b. complex mass or irregular tissue in the inferior midline pelvic cavity
c. fluid in the paracolic gutters and pelvic cul-de-sac
d. All the above
d
75
The testicles are surrounded by a dense fibrous capsule, the ____
tunica albuginea
76
Septula arise from the tunica albuginea to form the:
mediastinum testis
77
____ creates an incomplete septum and provides support for testicular vessels
mediastinum testis
78
Each testicle contains ___ seminiferous tubules that conver to form __-__ larger efferent ducts
840
20-30
79
The efferent ducts form channels called the ___ that carry the seminal fluid from the testicle to the epididymis
rete testis
80
The average length of the testicle
3-5 cm
81
average width of testicle
2-4 cm
82
Average AP dimension of testicle
3cm
83
Average weight of testicle
12-19 grams
84
In pediatric patients, testicular volumes can be calculated using __ or ___
lambert formula
ellipsoid formula
85
Lambert formula
length x width x height x 0.71
86
Ellipsoid formula
length x width x height x 0.52
87
extension of the peritoneum into the scrotal sac
tunical vaginalis
88
inner layer covering the testes, epididymis, and lower part of spermatic cord
visceral layer
89
lines the walls of the scrotal pouch
parietal layer
90
Normally there is a small amount of fluid between the visceral and parietal layers to assist in ___
movement
91
thin layer of tissue that is in direct contact with the testicular tissue
tunica albuginea
92
Folds of the tunica albuginea form sections within the testicles called:
mediastinum testis
93
"hilum" of the testcile
mediastinum testis
94
series of channels within the mediastinum
rete testis
95
Blood vessels and ductules enter/exit the testicle at the:
mediastinum
96
The visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis covers:
the tunica albuginea
97
curved structure lying posterior lateral to the testicle
epididymis
98
The epididymis is usually __-__ cm in length
6
7
99
The head of the epididymis is called the:
globulus major
100
The globus major is formed by:
tubules from rete testis
