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ARDMS > URR 62 > Flashcards

URR 62 Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

The ____ courses from left to right, posterior to the thymus, and enters the SVC

A

left brachiocephalic vein

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2
Q

Three longitudinal planes are used for assessment of the mediastinum:

A

right parasagittal plane through SVC

sagittal plane through aortic root

left parasagittal plane through the pulmonary outflow tract

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3
Q

Two transverse planes used for assessment of the mediastinum

A

superior plane at the confluence of the brachiocephalic veins and SVC

lower transverse plane where the SVC, aorta, and pulmonary outflow tract are identified

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4
Q

Thrombus in the SVC is indicated with:

A

absence of the normal biphasic SVC waveform

continuous forward flow rather than distinct systolic and diastolic peaks

turbulence

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5
Q

Thymic index -

A

length x width x height

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6
Q

The thymic index measured is performed during ___

A

expiration

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7
Q

Larger thymic indices can indicate:

A

mass formation

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8
Q

musculotendinous structure between the abdominal and thoracic cavities

A

diaphragm

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9
Q

The diaphragm is located inferior to ___ and ___

A

heart
lungs

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10
Q

forms the superior boundary of the abdominal cavity

A

diaphragm

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11
Q

The diaphragm contains three major openings to allow structures to pass through:

A

esophagus
IVC
Aorta

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12
Q

Middle of the diaphragm is mainly muscle which allows for:

A

expansion with respiration

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13
Q

Central muscles converge at an area in the posterior diaphragm called the:

A

aortic hiatus

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14
Q

Connections called ___ extend around the aorta to connect to the anterior spine

A

crura

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15
Q

Sonographically, in the transverse plane, the crura appears as ______ anterior to the ___ and superior to the ___ and they extend posteriorly on both sides of the ___

A

mildly hypoechoic linear or triangular structures

aorta

celiac axis

aorta

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16
Q

Both crus are located posterior to the:

A

IVC

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17
Q

____ causes the diaphragm to appear very echogenic in children and adults

A

specular reflection

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18
Q

The diaphragm is ___ in a fetus

A

hypoechoic

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19
Q

Paralysis of the diaphragm is caused by:

A

damaged phrenic nerve

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20
Q

____ evaluation of diaphragm movement is used to assess for paralysis

A

M-mode

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21
Q

The normal diaphragm ____ with inspiration

A

thickens

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22
Q

The diaphragmatic thickness should be measured at the ____ during inspiration and expiration

A

zone of apposition

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23
Q

Minimal or absent thickening of the diaphragm indicates ____

A

paralysis

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24
Q

visceral pleura and underlying aerated lung can be seen gliding across the parietal pleura in the normal lung

A

lung-gliding sign

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25
Ultrasound can be used to evaluate lung ___ and the presence of artifacts that can indicate ___
motion lung disease
26
Ultrasound is most helpful in patients that cannot ____ for a chest x-ray
sit upright
27
Free air in the chest cavity that is outside the lungs
pneumothorax
28
Free are in the chest can be a complication caused by ____
thoracentesis
29
The free air can be seen between the ___ and ___ and the lung-gliding sign is lost
visceral and parietal pleura
30
____ should be visualized at the pleural interface and move with respiration in normal patients
come tail artifacts
31
Thorax ___ may be performed to check for pneumothorax instead of a full chest exam
POCUS
32
___ can be used to evaluate suspected pneumothorax
M-mode
33
Normal sliding during respiration gives the appearance of a sandy beach with rolling waves
seashore sign
34
absent sliding causes parallel lines that do not change with respiration
barcode sign
35
The most common use of chest sonography is to evaluate:
a complete or partial radiopaque hemithorax
36
A collection of fluid within the pleural cavity
pleural effusion
37
serous fluid within pleural cavity
hydrothorax
38
a collection of blood within the pleural cavity
hemothorax
39
a collection of lymphatic fluid within the pleural cavity
chylothorax
40
A collection of pus within the pleural cavity
pyothorax
41
Two most common causes of pleural effusion
congestive heart failure malignancy
42
Fluid with low protein and lactate dehydrogenase concentration
transudate effusion
43
Transudate effusion is usually related to __, __ and ___
CHF liver and kidney disease
44
Fluid is pushed outside the capillary bed due to high pressure in the capillary bads
transudate effusion
45
anechoic or hypoechoic fluid collection without septations; usually seen immediately deep to the chest wall
transudate effusion
46
fluid with high protein and lactate dehydrogenase concentration
exudate effusion
47
Exudate effusion is usually related to ___, ___, ___ and ___
malignancy lupus pneumonia tuberculosis
48
fluid leaks outside the capillary beds due to inflammation
exudate effusion
49
usually complex collections with internal debris and septations; may be multiloculated with a honeycomb appearance
exudate effusion
50
Exudate effusion associated with ____ and ____
pleural thickening underlying parenchymal abnormality
51
With exudate effusions, __ and __ usually lead to complex collections
blood infection
52
Pleural effusions show an echo-free space between the __ and ___
visceral parietal pleura
53
With a pleural effusion, the fluid will move ___ to the liver and lungs when the patient is supine
posterior
54
Free fluid changes shape and septations with move with ___
respiration
55
fluid below the diaphragm and more centrally located
ascites
56
fluid above the diaphragm and more peripherally located
pleural effusion
57
if the fluid is displacing the crus away from the spine, it is located in the chest cavity
displaced crus sign
58
pleural fluid will extend behind the liver at the level of the bare area, ascites cannot reach this area
bare area sign
59
consolidated lung is hypoechoic related to the normal surrounding lung and similiar in echogenicity to the liver; strong, nonpulsatile, branching, linear echoges are produced by air-filled bronch
pneumonia
60
What does CCAM stand for?
Congenital Cystic adenomatoid malformation
61
cyst formation in the chest cavity
congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation
62
Type I CCAM
one or more cysts measuring more than 2 cm
63
Type II CCAM
multiple small cysts, less than 2 cm
64
Type III CCAM
multiple microcysts that appear as a solid mass
65
mass of nonfunctional lung tissue that does not communicate with the bronchial tree
pulmonary sequestration
66
____ has separate blood supply from the aorta
pulmonary sequestration
67
congenital mass of pulmonary tissue with a separate pleura
extralobar pulmonary sequestration
68
acquired condition caused be recurrent infections; usually affects the lower lobes of the lung
intralobar pulmonary sequestration
69
On ultrasound, pulmonary sequestration may look like:
hypoechoic chest mass
70
Color Doppler is used to demonstrate a ____ (not pulmonary) supplying the hypoechoic mass in both types of sequestration
systemic artery
71
large membrane that outlines the abdominal cavity and connects/supports the internal organs
peritoneum
72
The peritoneum is composed of two layers:
visceral parietal
73
Two peritoneal cavities
lesser sac greater sac
74
space between the liver, pancreas, and stomach
lesser sac
75
remaining peritoneal cavity
greater sac
76
hangs in front of the stomach from the greater curvature to the pelvis, folds back on itself to enclose the transverse colon
greater omentum
77
connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal duodenum to the liver
lesser omentum
78
attaches the small intestine and most of the large intestine to the posterior abdominal wall, contains intestinal vasculature
mesentery
79
US is used to evaluate the ____ for hernia and for determining the location of an abscess or mass
anterior parietal peritoneum
80
Transducer choice for peritoneum exam
high frequency linear transducer
81
Thin hyperechoic lining in the abdomen
peritoneum
82
The peritoneum is located posterior to the ____ and ____ muscles
internal oblique rectus abdominis
83
Bowel should be identified __ to the peritoneum
deep
84
extension of greater sac between the diaphragm and left anterior superior liver segment
left anterior suprahepatic (subphrenic) space
85
extension of the lesser sac between the diaphragm and the left posterior superior liver segment; posterior to the spleen
left posterior suprahepatic (subphrenic) space
86
extension of the greater sac between the diaphragm and the right anterior superior liver segment
right suprahepatic (subphrenic) space
87
posterior to the left lobe of the liver; includes the lesser sac
left subhepatic space
88
posterior to the right lobe of the liver
right subhepatic space
89
The posterior right subhepatic space communicates with the lesser sac via the ___, also called the ___
epiploic foramen foramen of Winslow
90
The hepatorenal space is also known as:
Morison pouch
91
peritoneal extension between the liver and right kidney
hepatorenal space
92
Peritoneal space located lateral to the ascending colon
right paracolic gutters
93
connects the subphrenic space with Morison pouch
Right paracolic gutters
94
Peritoneal space located lateral to the descending colon
left paracolic gutter
95
connects the left side of the abdominal cavity with the pelvic cavity, does NOT communicate with splenic space
left paracolic gutters
96
most common location for paracentesis catheter insertion
left paracolic gutters
97
The rectouterine space is also known as:
Pouch of Douglas or posterior cul-de-sac
98
peritoneal reflection between the anterior rectum and posterior uterine wall
rectouterine space
99
peritoneal reflection between the anterior rectum and posterior bladder wall
vesicorectal space
100
The vesicouterine space is also known as:
anterior cul-de-sac

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