URR 8 Flashcards by Billie Harney

middle layer, muscle, thicker, and more organized in arteries than veins

tunica media

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outer layer, epithelial cells

tunica adventitia/externa

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____ have thinner media layer to allow flexibility of lumen size with varied flow volume

veins

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trunk artery

aorta

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The aorta arises from:

left ventricle

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The aorta courses inferior through the chest and enters the abdomen through the:

diaphragm

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The aorta is located ____ to the left of the spine and to the left of the ___

anterior
IVC

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Most posterior abdominal vessel

aorta

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The aorta is the only major intra-abdominal structure that is posterior to the ______

diaphragmatic crura

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The aorta is more _____ than the IVC until the umbilicus level where it lies more ____ than the IVC.

posterior
anterior

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distributes oxygenated blood to organs and limbs

aorta

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The _____ arteries supply the adrenal glands

suprarenal

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The ___ arteries supply the kidneys

renal

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The ____ arteries supply the ovaries/testicles.

gonadal

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Paired aortic branches

suprarenal arteries
renal arteries
gonadal arteries
lumbar arteries
common iliac arteries

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1st abdominal branch of the aorta

celiac axis

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unpaired branches of the aorta

celiac axis
superior mesenteric artery
inferior mesenteric artery
median sacral artery

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Anterior branches of aorta from superior to inferior

celiac axis
superior mesenteric artery
inferior mesenteric artery
gonadal arteries
median sacral artery

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Lateral branches of aorta from superior to inferior

suprarenal arteries
renal arteries
common iliac arteries

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Where is the aortic bifurcation?

at L3-4 vertebra, umbilicus level

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The common iliac arteries supply blood to:

legs and pelvis

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The common iliac arteries waveform:

high resistance, triphasic

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Above the umbilicus, abdominal arteries are ___ to veins

posterior

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Below the umbilicus, the abdominal/pelvic arteries are ____ to the veins

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Aortic segments superior to inferior

ascending arch descending thoracic descending abdominal

Indications to scan the aorta

abdominal pain pulsatile mass aneurysm seen on xray f/u aneurysm trauma

lab testing indicators to scan aorta

hematocrit

decreased levels can indicate an active bleed in the body

low hematocrit

___ MHz - ___ MHz adult probe used for aorta scan

2.5 6

___ MHz to ____ MHz pediatric probe used to scan aorta

4 8

NPO Aorta

8-12 hours

____ may be administered to reduce gas in the digestive system

simethicone

____, ____, and ____ positions may all be necessary for optimal evaluation

supine oblique decubitus

A right coronal approach with patient in a decubitus position will demonstrate the aorta as the ____ vessel on the image

posterior

A left coronal approach with the patient in a decubitus position will demonstrate the IVC as the ____ vessel

posterior

______ position can be especially helpful for evaluating the distal aorta bifurcation into the common iliac arteries

right posterior oblique

Identifying the ____ guarantees a complete evaluation of the proximal segment of the aorta

celiac axis

Identifying the _____ guarantees a complete evaluation of the infrarenal segment on the aorta

aortic bifurcation

Best anatomic landmark in the abdomen

aorta

In a longitudinal plane, the aorta appears as:

hollow tube anterior to the spine

In the transverse view of the aorta the aorta appears as:

circular structure to left of comma shaped IVC

The aorta becomes more ___ in the abdomen as it courses distally

Average normal measurement of proximal aorta

2.0-2.6 cm

Average normal measurement of mid aorta

1.6-2.4 cm

Average normal measurement of distal aorta

1.1-2.0 cm

Average normal measurement of iliac arteries

0.6-1.4 cm

AP dimensions of the aorta are obtained in longitudinal plane, from ___ wall to ____ wall of the vessel

outer outer

Width dimensions are obtained in the transverse plane, from ___ wall to ____ wall of the vessel

outer outer

The aorta is a ___ resistance vessel

high

The doppler waveform of the aorta above the renal arteries is ____ due to low resistance branches to organs

biphasic

The doppler waveform of the aorta below the renal arteries is ____ because it supplies the lower extremities which cause an increase in resistance

triphasic

Occlusive disease of the aorta may change ___ and___ of waveform

resistance pulsatility

Aneurysmal disease may show ____ turbulence, especially with color Doppler

increased

Resistance to flow ____ as blood moves distally in the aorta

increases

lack of tapering of aorta as it travels distally, size remains constant from proximal to distal portions

aortic ectasia

can be a precursor to aneurysm formation

aortic ectasia

focal dilatation of the aorta >3cm or increase in diameter <50% between two adjacent segments

abdominal aortic aneurysm

Abdominal aortic aneurysms are most commonly caused by:

atherosclerotic disease

Risk factors AAA

male gender family history smoking chronic HTN

___ and ____ can be an indicator for a slow bleed from an aneurysm

anemia low hematocrit levels

Types of AAA

saccular fusiform berry mycotic

aneurysm that is a localized round outpouching, may have small stalk

saccular aneurysm

aneurysm where the vessel wall stretches focally in a circumferential manner

fusiform

most common type of AAA

fusiform

aneurysm that is a tiny outpouching, usually found in the cerebrum and splanchnic arteries

Berry

A berry aneurysm is usually found in the ____ and ____ arteries

cerebrum splanchnic

infected aneurysm

mycotic

Mycotic aneurysms are seen with:

syphilis

If an aneurysm is located ____ the renal arteries, immediate surgical intervention is required

above

Most common location of fusiform aneuryms

below the renal arteries

Surgical intervention is indicated for a AAA at a diameter of:

>5.5 cm

___, ____, and ____ arteries can have associated aneurysm formation with a AAA

iliac common femoral popliteal

A common iliac artery diameter of ____ indicates aneurysm

>1.5 cm

If AAA identified, measure the diameters of the ____ and ____ arteries

common femoral popliteal

CFA and popliteal artery aneurysms are defined as a ___ increase in diameter compared to adjacent segment

>50%

Annual follow up is recommended for AAA measuring:

4-4.4 cm

Semiannual follow up for AAA is recommended for AAA measuring:

>4.5 cm

What kind of syndrome can appear as a complication of a AAA?

blue toe syndrome

AAA affects renal circulation and systemic blood pressure, if ____ or ____ in location

suprarenal juxtarenal

A large AAA can compress ___ causing reduced flow toward the heart and pedal edema

IVC

What is the goal of an aortic exam?

finding the location of the maximum diameter of the aorta

The greatest diameter of the abdominal aortic segment should be at the level of"

celiac axis

____ images provide the best view for accurate measurements of the aorta perpendicular to axis of vessel

longitudinal

Measure true aorta vessel size from ____ edge of the wall to ___ edge of the wall

outer outer

enlarged vessel >3 cm or >50% increase in diameter compared to adjacent segment

AAA

Possible _____ causes echogenic debris levels within the lumen of the aorta

thrombus accumulation

When documenting AAA location, document with relation to:

renal arteries

describes the swirling blood in the body of the aneurysm

Yin Yang Sign

____ and ____ levels can indicate a slow bleed from an aneurysm

anemia low hematocrit

Blue toe syndrome can show ____ and ____

thrombus accumulation embolization

Large AAA can compress IVC causing:

pedal edema

If AAA is suprarenal or juxtarenal in location, it can affect:

systemic blood pressure

____ is the most common type of AAA and is usually found below the renal arteries

Fusiform

____, ____, and ____ arteries can have associated aneurysm formation when a AAA is identified

iliac common femoral popliteal

Document the location of the ______ of the aorta

maximum diameter

most common splanchnic artery aneurysm

splenic artery

Splenic artery aneurysms are associated with:

pancreatic inflammation peptic ulcers patients with more than 2 pregnancies trauma

Splenic artery aneurysms are more common in:

women

A splenic artery aneurysm may cause ___ in LUQ.

bruit

A splenic artery aneurysm is a critical finding due to:

rupture risk

URR 8 Flashcards

(100 cards)