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URR 67 Flashcards

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1
Q

small pouch in the wall of the intestine

A

Meckel Diverticulum

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2
Q

Mickel diverticulum develops due to the failure of the ____ to obliterate during fetal development

A

vitelline duct

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3
Q

Most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract

A

Meckel Diverticulum

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4
Q

Most common symptom of Meckel Diverticulum

A

gastrointestinal hemorrhage

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5
Q

Ultrasound may demonstrate a blind-ended, fluid filled bowel loop connected to the normal, peristalsing small bowel segment in the RLQ

A

Meckel Diverticulum

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6
Q

Evaluation of the acute abdomen

A

scan in area of pain
assess for fluid accumulation
assess for extraluminal gas
evaluate gut wall thickness
search for lymphadenopathy

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7
Q

chronic inflammatory disorder of the GI tract of unknown etiology

A

Crohn disease

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8
Q

Crohn disease most commonly affects ___

A

terminal ileum

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9
Q

gut wall thickens creating a rigid secondary lumen

A

Crohn disease

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10
Q

most common complication of Crohn Disease

A

inflammatory masses

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11
Q

excess fecal fat (steatorrhea) is a sign of ___, ___, and ____

A

inflammatory bowel disease
celiac disease
pancreatitis

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12
Q

Concentric wall thickening <3mm
hyperemia

A

Crohn Disease

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13
Q

mesenteric fatty proliferation with reactive inflammatory fat
strictures
abscesses
mesenteric lymphadenopathy
wall echogenicity varies with level of infection
pseudokidney sign

A

Crohn disease

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14
Q

Symptoms of Diverticulitis

A

LLQ pain
fever
increased WBC

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15
Q

Acute RLQ pain is commonly associated with ___

A

appendicitis

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16
Q

Acute LLQ pain commonly associated with

A

diverticulitis

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17
Q

segmental, concentric, thickening of GI wall

A

Diverticulitis

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18
Q

Diverticulitis is most common in the:

A

sigmoid colon

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19
Q

inflamed diverticula (out-pouching of wall >4mm)

echogenic areas in wall

pseudokidney sign- abnormal bowel thickening

A

diverticulitis

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20
Q

inflammation of the colon

A

colitis

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21
Q

symptoms of colitis

A

low grade fever
watery diarrhea
pain in affected area
bloody diarrhea and rectal bleeding seen with ulcer formation

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22
Q

Ulcerative colitis usually affects the ___ and ___

A

sigmoid colon
rectum

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23
Q

In ulcerative colitis, ulcerations may form within the wall, this can lead to bacteria invading the blood stream and entering the ____

A

portal venous system

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24
Q

produces reflections with dirty shadowing and ring down artifacts

A

gas

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25
Patients with ulcerative colitis have a high risk of developing __
colon cancer
26
Ulcerative colitis is associated with ___
primary sclerosing cholangitis
27
thickened walls (>5mm) with reduced peristalsis loss of haustral markings with more tubular appearance of bowel segment may see fluid collection around segment increased wall vascularity
colitis
28
Other infections of the GI tract
mesenteric adenitis AIDS Typhlitis Pseudomembranous colitis
29
vermiform appendix usually protrudes from the posteromedial cecum
acute appendicitis
30
normally identified posterior to the terminal ileum and anterior to the iliac vessels
acute appendicitis
31
Acute appendicitis usually occurs in patients age __-__ years
10-30
32
most common cause of acute abdominal pain
appendicitis
33
symptoms of appendicitis
RLQ pain increased WBC rebound tenderness with transducer compression
34
midpoint of a line drawn from right anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus
McBurney point
35
Bacterial infection of appendix can lead to ___ and possible ___
gangrene perforation
36
Perforation of the appendix leads to:
peritonitis
37
hard stony mass of feces in the intestinal tract that can obstruct the appendix, leading to appendicitis
fecalith
38
Fecaliths are also known as ___ and ___
coprolith stercolith
39
The appendix will appear as ____ if appendicitis is present
aperistaltic tube that will not respond to compression techniques
40
diameter of inflamed appendix
>6mm
41
appendix wall with appendicitis
>2mm
42
The transverse view of the appendix demonstrates the ___ sign
target
43
fluid collection inflamed perenteric fat increased vascularity in gut walls loss of normal echogenic submucosal layer echogenic, shadowing fecalith may be identified
appendicitis
44
loculated pericecal fluid phlegmon abscess prominent pericecal fat
perforated appendix
45
the appendix is obstructed by scarring or fecaliths; the isolated segment continues to produce mucus; causes formation of a retrocecal mass
mucocele of the appendix
46
elongated appendix filled with mucus
mucocele of the appendix
47
layers of debris within the appendix similar to the layers of an onion
onion sign
48
thick fatty strands that attach to the serosal surface of the colon
epiploic appendages
49
Torsion or thrombosis can cause ___ or ___ of the epiploic appendage
ischemia infarction
50
ischemia or infarction of the epiploic appendage can leads to ____ and ___
localized inflammation and pain
51
echogenic finger-like projection from the colon wall; the surrounding pericolic fat becomes thickened and echogenic; can simulate appendicitis
epiploic appnedagitis
52
paralysis of the muscle in the bowel wall; lack of peristalsis
functional bowel obstruction
53
physical impediment to the progression of the luminal contents
mechanical bowel obstruction
54
causes of bowel obstruction
material in lumen intrinsic/extrinsic masses circulatory compromise
55
____ are the number 1 cause of bowel obstruction
adhesions
56
intraluminal masses of undigested material
bezoars
57
inorganic substances; medications; bubble gum
concretions
58
hairball
trichobezoar
59
indigestible plant or vegetable materials (cellulose)
phytobezoar
60
milk materials; seen in infants
lactobezoar
61
____ is serious potential complication of bowel obstruction
bowel ischemia
62
dilatation of the GI tract proximal to the obstruction
bowel obstruction
63
>__ cm is abnormal dilatation of the GI tract
2.5
64
luminal contents tend to move to-and-fro within the lumen, instead of progressing forward
bowel obstruction
65
finger-like projections from the bowel wall associated with bowel obstruction
plicae circulares
66
Intussusception most commonly occurs at the ___ in the RLQ
ileocecal junction
67
In intussusception, usually the ___ (ileum) involutes into the ___ (cecum)
small intestine large bowel
68
Most common cause of small bowel obstruction in children 6 months to 4 years old
intussusception
69
Intussusception causes ___, ___, ___
peristalsis vomiting blood in rectum
70
stool contains a mixture of blood and mucus
red currant jelly stool
71
How is intussusception treated?
air or contrast administered through the rectum to push the involuted bowel back out of the colon
72
non-compressibility of affected segment, telescoping segments demonstrate multiple concentric rings of tissue; walls folded over on each other; thickened walls; target or doughnut shaped lesion in TRV plane
intussusception
73
refers to any variation in the normal rotation and fixation of the GI tract during development
Midgut malrotation
74
Midgut malrotation is associated with:
malposition of the SMA and SMV
75
most common portosystemic collateral seen with malrotation
left gastric vein
76
document reversed portion of SMA and SMV; Doppler used to evaluate flow in SMA, SMV and collaterals; flow reversal in left gastric vein; loss of flow to wall
midgut malrotation
77
third leading cause of death from cancer
colon cancer
78
most common location of colon cancer
rectal carcinoma
79
most common malignant tumor of the GI tract
adenocarcinoma
80
Cancer in the GI tract shows increased levels of ___ in the blood
CEA
81
With adenocarcinoma, gastric tumors usually arise in the ____, ___ and ___
pre-pyloric region antrum lesser curvature
82
Sonographic appearance of adenocarcinoma of the GI tract
solid intraluminal mass of varying echogenicity
83
rotating high frequency transducer; patient placed in LLD; used to localize and characterize benign masses
endoscopic sonography
84
used for staging esophageal cancer and differentiating gastric lymphoma from gastric carcinoma
endoscopic sonography
85
patient placed in LLD or lithotomy position; requires cleansing enema prior to exam; used for staging rectal carcinoma; can evaluate fecal incontinence by assessing sphincter muscles
transrectal ultrasound
86
Lymphoma may be ___ or ___ dissemination
primary widespread
87
Lymphoma is either ___, ___, or ___
nodular ulcerative infiltrating
88
large hypoechoic ulcerated masses; found in stomach or small bowel; gas artifact usually seen within ulcerations
lymphoma
89
Lymphoma is common in ___ patients
AIDS
90
Metastatic tumors to the GI tract
lung breast melonoma
91
sonographic appearance of metastatic tumors
multiple small ulcerated nodules difficult to differentiate from primary carcinoma
92
most commonly affects males between 2-10 weeks of age
pyloric stenosis
93
Crohn disease most commonly affects the ___ and ___
terminal ileum colon
94
most common complication of Crohn disease; phlegmon, abscess
inflammatory masses
95
Diverticulitis most commonly affects the ____
sigmoid colon
96
The appendix most commonly attaches to the ___
cecum
97
Intussusception most commonly occurs at the ____ in the RLQ
ileocecal junction
98
The ___ is the most common portosystemic collateral seen with malrotation
left gastric vein
99
most common malignant tumor of the GI tract
adenocarcinoma
100
The esophagus connects to the ___ of the stomach. a. pylorus b. fundus c. body d. cardiac orifice
d

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