Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ARDMS > URR 52 > Flashcards

URR 52 Flashcards

(100 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

In most cases of cryptorchidism, the undescended testicle is identified:
a. in the inguinal canal
b. posterior to the urinary bladder
c. posterior to the prostate
d. adjacent to the liver

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How can you differentiate a tunica albuginea cyst from an intratesticular cyst?
a. the shape of the cyst
b. the size of the cyst
c. the location of the cyst
d. the border of the cyst

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How can you differentiate dilated rete testis from dilated intratesticular veins?
a. locate the epididymis
b. activate color doppler
c. the size of the dilated structures
d. activate harmonic imaging

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

An epidermoid cyst is described as having the appearance of:
a. an olive
b. stars in the sky
c. wheel within a wheel
d. an onion

A

d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How can you differentiate an epidermoid cyst from a scrotal tumor?
a. locate the epididymis
b. activate color Doppler
c. the size of the dilated structures
d. activate harmonic imaging

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A spermatocele is a common finding in patients with a history of:
a. bacterial infection
b. varicocele
c. vasectomy
d. trauma

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Microlithiasis is associated with which of the following?
a. Trisomy 21
b. Radiation therapy of the male pelvis
c. cryptorchidism
d. all the above

A

d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A scrotolith is identified:
a. outside the testicle, within the scrotal sac
b. in the testicular parenchyma
c. in the epididymal head
d. in the epididymal tail

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

most common cause of acute scrotal pain in postpubertal men

A

acute epididymitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Acute epididymitis most common results from ___ and ___

A

STDs in males 14-35 years

lower urinary tract infection in men over 35 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

acute onset of pain in scrotal sac, increasing over 1-2 days

A

acute epididymitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Clinical symptoms of acute epididymitis

A

fever
dysuria
pyuria
urethral discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In acute epididymitis, what part of the epididymis thickens first?

A

tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In acute epididymitis, the epididymal head measures:

A

> 17mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

decreased echogenicity of epididymis, heterogeneous, hydrocele, hypervascularity

A

acute epididymitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bacterial orchitis is most commonly caused by:

A

STD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Viral orchitis is most commonly caused by:

A

mumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

used to differentiate epididymo-orchitis from torsion

A

Prehn sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The ____ shows that lifting the scrotum above the level of the symyphsis pubis will relieve pain when infection is the cause for symptoms; no reduction in pain with torsion

A

Prehn sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

can be focal or diffuse; decreased echogenicity of the testicles; hypervascularity in area of infection; decreased vascular resistance

A

acute orchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Diastolic flow reversal in cases of epididymo-orchitis can indicate:

A

venous infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

heterogeneous epididymis; nodule formation within the epididymis; very little vascularity in or around the nodules

A

tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fournier Gangrene is usually seen in:

A

diabetic patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Infection causing acute necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum, scrotum, and anterior abdominal wall

A

Fournier Gangrene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
air in the scrotum caused by bacterial infection
pneumoscrotum
26
accumulation of serous fluid between the two layers of tunica vaginalis
hydrocele
27
most common cause of painless swelling of scrotum
hydrocele
28
usually identified in pediatric patients, caused by persistent communication between the scrotal sac and peritoneum; most common
primary or congenital hydrocele
29
usually present after age 40; caused by trauma, torsion, tumors or inflammation of the scrotum
secondary or acquired hydrocele
30
anechoic fluid collections; good through transmission and posterior enhancement; echogenic fibrin or cholesterol crystals may be seen floating freely
hydrocele
31
blood collection in scrotal sac
hematocele
32
Hematoceles are caused by __, ___, ___, ___ or ___
trauma torsion surgery diabetes neoplasm
33
contains low level echoes and visible fluid levels; may contain septations; no increase in vascularity surrounding mass helps to differentiate from pyocele
hematocele
34
collection of pus in the scrotal sac
pyocele
35
Pyoceles are caused by:
rupture of abscess
36
similar to hematocele; collection of fluid, debris, septations; may see thickened scrotal skin
pyocele
37
__ most commonly results from sexually transmitted disease in males 14-35 years and lower urinary tract infection in men over 35 years a. spermatoceles b. epididymitis c. epidermoid cysts d. seminomas
b
38
Which of the following sonographic characteristics are shared by patients with acute epididymitis and those that have had a vasectomy? a. gland enlargement b. hypervascularity c. hypovascularity d. cystic degeneration
a
39
The Prehn sign is used to differentiate: a. testicular cysts from epididymal cysts b. infection of the testicle from infection of the epididymis c. partial torsion from complete torsion d. orchitis from torsion
d
40
Viral orchitis is typically caused by: a. STD b. UTI c. mumps infection d. HIV
c
41
Which of the following resistive index values is most consistent with orchitis? a. 0.4 b. 1.0 c 0.6 d. 0.8
a
42
If diastolic flow reversal is present on the Doppler tracing from an intratesticular artery, this indicates: a. venous infarction or partial torsion b. infertility c. seminoma formation d. hydrocele formation
a
43
Which of the following describes Fournier gangrene? a. critical finding b. associated with diabetes c. bacteria may cause air formation in the scrotum d. all the above
d
44
A hydrocele refers to a collection of serous fluid: a. between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis b. between the two layers of the tunica albuginea c. within the testicular parenchyma d. outside the scrotum, in the pelvis
a
45
A hematocele is a collection of __ in the scrotum, while a pyocele is a collection of __ in the scrotum. a. sperm, bacteria b. bacteria, blood c. blood, sperm d. blood, pus
d
46
Most common malignancy in men 15-35 years of age
scrotal neoplasm
47
_-__% of scrotal neoplasms are malignant
90 95
48
____ neoplasms account for 40-50% of all scrotal malignancy cases.
Seminoma
49
____ carcinoma accounts for 20-25% of all malignant scrotal neoplasms
embryonal cell carcinoma
50
_____ accounts for 5-10% of all malignant scrotal neoplasms
teratocarcinoma
51
___ accounts for 1-3% of all malignant scrotal neoplasms.
choriocarcinoma
52
When a solid mass is found in the scrotum, evaluate the ___ region for lymphadenopathy.
peri-aortic
53
Most ____ masses are malignant.
intratesticular
54
Most ___ masses are benign.
extratesticular
55
Seminoma tumor
Seminomatous
56
most common "pure" germ cell tumor of the testes
seminoma
57
____ account for 40-50% of all germ cell tumors
seminomas
58
Seminomas usually occur age __-__ years
30 50
59
Seminomas are most common in:
white males
60
A seminoma will have ___ AFP and ___ bhCG
normal elevated
61
There is a significantly increased risk of seminoma formation is patients with ____
cryptorchidism
62
Seminomas have been associated with ___, __, ___, ___
cryptorchidism trisomy 21 Klinefelter syndrome smoking
63
Seminoma cancer spreads to ___ first
retroperitoneal lymph nodes
64
Pure seminomas have the ___ prognosis of all germ cell tumors
best
65
Pure seminomas are very responsive to ___ and ___
radiation chemotherapy
66
solid round or oval tumor within testis; uniform low level echoes, without calcification; hypoechoic to surrounding tissues; tumors >1.6 cm usually show hypervascularity; RARELY become necrotic or cystic
Seminoma
67
mixed germ cell tumors
non-seminomatous germ cell tumors
68
Non-seminomatous germ cell tumors are ___ aggressive than seminomas
more
69
Non-seminomatous germ cell tumors cause:
visceral metastasis
70
Non-seminomatous germ cell tumors require ____ because they are generally unresponsive to radiation or chemotherapy
orchiectomy
71
5 non-seminomatous germ cell tumors
mixed malignant germ cell embryonal cell carcinoma yolk sac tumor teratoma choriocarcinoma
72
Embryonal cell carcinoma typically affects men aged __-__ years
25 35
73
Most aggressive testicular malignancy
embryonal cell carcinoma
74
Embryonal cell carcinoma is most aggressive with invasion of:
tunica albuginea
75
With embryonal cell carcinoma, AFP is ___ and beta hCF is ____ in most cases
elevated elevated
76
Any tumor that secretes high levels of bhCG can lead to:
gynecomastia
77
more heterogeneous than seminoma; can have solid and cystic portions along with coarse calcifications; distortion of the organ contour with tumor invasion
embryonal cell carcinoma
78
contains two or more types of germ cell tumor tissue
mixed germ cell tumors
79
most common non-seminomatous germ cell tumor
mixed germ cell tumors
80
Second most common primary malignancy of the testes
mixed germ cell tumors
81
Mixed germ cell tumors usually occur between __-__ years of age
20 30
82
Mixed germ cell tumors rare occur before ___ or after age __
puberty 50
83
most common testicular tumor in patients <2 years of age
yolk sac tumor
84
With a yolk sac tumor, AFP is ____ and beta hCG is __
elevated normal
85
What is the 5 year survival rate for yolk sac tumor?
25-35%
86
In a yolk sac tumor, you may see cystic areas and echogenic foci due to ____ and ____
hemorrhage necrosis
87
1/3 of malignant ___ metastasize within 5 years
teratomas
88
2nd most common testicular tumor in infants and children
teratoma
89
If a teratoma is found in an adult, it is usually ___
malignant
90
A teratoma contains __, __, __, and other tissues
bone cartilage smooth muscle
91
If a teratoma is malignant, AFP will be ___ and beta hCG will be ___.
elevated elevated
92
Any tumor that secretes high levels of bhCG can lead to:
gynecomastia
93
large heterogeneous, complex mass within testicle; calcifications and cystic components
teratomas
94
rarest type of germ cell tumor
choriocarcinoma
95
Choriocarcinoma is most common in ages __-__
20 30
96
Choriocarcinoma results in ___ AFP and ____ bhCG
normal elevated
97
metastasis early; worst prognosis of all germ cell tumors
choriocarcinoma
98
any tumor that secretes high levels of bhCG can lead to:
gynecomastia
99
Stromal cell tumors (4)
Leydig cell Sertoli cell Granulosa cell Mixed
100
>__% of Leydig Cell Tumors are benign.
85

ARDMS (95 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions