Week 3 Measures of DIsease Module Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Week 3 Measures of DIsease Module Deck (20)
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1
Q

what is the problem with counts?

A

a count does not give you a denominator, does not relate to the total population

2
Q

when is a count useful?

A

resources need to be allocated to treat/follow disease

3
Q

what is a ratio?

A

compares relative size of two values. ex: boys/girls at birth

4
Q

what is a proportion?

A

a ratio in which the numerator is a subset of the denominator. Ex: proportion of boys: (boys/(boys+girls))

5
Q

a medical school has a class with 60 males and 40 females. what is the proportion male? ratio of females/males

A

proportion male: 60/100

ratio of females/males: 60/40

6
Q

what is a rate?

A

a ratio that takes the from a/a+b during some period of time

7
Q

epidemiologic rates contain (3)

A

count of disease frequency, size of the popn at risk, time period during which the disease occurred in the reference population

8
Q

what is a fixed population

A

membership is permanent and define by an event/charactestic. the number doesn’t change. ex: babies born at Wexner in 2012

9
Q

what is a dynamic population?

A

membership is changing. citizens of monroe county

10
Q

what are the two most important measures of disease frequency?

A

incidence and prevelance

11
Q

Incidence:

A

number of new cases over a period of time.

12
Q

cumulative incidence:

A

number of new cases/# at risk at beginning of follow-up over a specified period of time. assumes popn are fixed (flaw)

13
Q

what is the incidence rate (density)

A

of new cases/ sum of disease-free person-time over a specified period (alllows populations to be dynamic)

14
Q

how do you calculate person-years 3

A

add the individual risk periods (exact, count up number of years total), use the average number of people in study x the study duration, use the average duration x number of people

15
Q

prevelance

A

the proportion of people in a popn with the disease a a specified point or period in time. measures existing cases

16
Q

point prevelance

A

number of existing cases/total population at a specified point in time

17
Q

period prevelance

A

(number existing cases+number of cases that occur during the interval)/population at midpoint of interval

18
Q

what is the value of prevalence?

A

helps describe the current health burden of a particular disease

19
Q

what is the relationship between prevalence and incidence

A

prevalence is similar to incidenceduration of disease. P=ID

20
Q

do epitemiologists prefer incidence or prevelance?

A

incidence: eliminates factors such as survival rates and possible risk factors

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