Week 5 Hypertrophy Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Week 5 Hypertrophy Deck (14)
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1
Q

define hypertrophy

A

increase in cell size which often leads to a concurrent increase in organ size and/or fxn

2
Q

what are the two clinical settings in which hypertrophy is encountered

A

increased fucntional demand, increased trophic factors

3
Q

a morbidly obese individual exercises and a year later is extremely fit/tone. Describe the changes in adipose and skeletal muscle that occurred

A

Fat: adipose was hypertrophied, skeletal muscle atrophy

Muscular: adipose atrophy, skeletal muscle hypertrophy

4
Q

which relevant cell types do not divide? 2

A

skeletal and myocardial myocytes

5
Q

when do we see cells/tissues/organs undergoing hypertrophy and proliferation

A

usually these go together UNLESS the cell does not divide; in which case we would only see hypertorphy

6
Q

when do we see cells/tissues/organs undergoing atrophy and apoptosis?

A

usually these go together. Unless the cell type does not divide in which case we see atrophy without apoptosis

7
Q

when exposed to trophic factors how do cells capable of proliferation respond? when factors withdrawn?

A

exposed: hyperplasia, hypertrophy
withdrawn: atrophy, apoptosis

8
Q

how will a hypertrophic tissue appear when compared to a normal one?

A

larger

9
Q

how will hypertrophic cells appear when compared to normal cells?

A

larger, with a larger nucleus

10
Q

what can cause hypertrophy of the heart?2

A

hypertension (pathological), exercise (physiological)

11
Q

what are trophic factors

A

factors such as hormones that promote cell growth, proliferation

12
Q

what is a gravid uterus

A

a pregnant uterus whose endometrium grows (hypertrophy and hyperplasia due to estrogen). Pear–>grapefruit–>papaya–>watermelon

13
Q

how do anabolic steroids work?

A

activate TFs that stimulate fetal gene expression of contractile proteins and increase their synthesis (leads to hypertrophy and increased muscle mass)

14
Q

stretch receptors and binding of GFs to cardiac myocytes has what effect?

A

signal transduction that increases TFs for the re-induction of fetal genes (increased contractile proteins and increased GFs (autocrine effect))

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