8C: Social Interactions

Question 1

Status

Answer 1

Socially defined positions within a society

Question 2

Types of Status

Answer 2

Master, Ascribed, Achieved

Question 3

Master Status

Answer 3

Position that dominates

Question 4

Ascribed Status

Answer 4

Position assigned to you by society regardless of effort

Question 5

Achieved Status

Answer 5

Position that is earned

Question 6

Role

Answer 6

Socially defined expectations about how a person will behave based on status

Question 7

Role Conflict

Answer 7

When two or more statuses are held by an individual and there is conflict between the expectations for each

Question 8

Role Strain

Answer 8

When you face conflicting expectations for a single role

Question 9

Role Exit

Answer 9

When you transition from one role to another

Question 10

Group

Answer 10

A collection of people that interact with one another

Question 11

Primary Group

Answer 11

Small social group, close personal relationships, long lasting relationships; family/childhood friends

Question 12

Secondary Group

Answer 12

Groups that someone chooses to be a part of, less personal, temporary, based on interest in activity; work groups

Question 13

Networks

Answer 13

Web of social relationships; direct and indirect links to people; no hierarchy

Question 14

Immediate Networks

Answer 14

Dense with strong ties to each other; friends

Question 15

Distant Networks

Answer 15

Loose with weaker ties to each other; acquaintances

Question 16

Organization

Answer 16

Large group of people w/ a common purpose, very complex, impersonal and lots of hierarchy

Question 17

Types of Organizations

Answer 17

Utilitarian, Normative, Coercive

Question 18

Utilitarian Organization

Answer 18

Members get paid for their efforts (jobs, businesses)

Question 19

Normative Organization

Answer 19

Members are motivated by morally relevant goals (doctors without borders)

Question 20

Coercive Organization

Answer 20

Members are forced to join (prison)

Question 21

Bureaucracy

Answer 21

Rational system of political organization, administration, discipline and control; less efficient due to their slow changing nature

Question 22

6 characteristics of a Bureaucracy

Answer 22

Paid Officials
Officials with rights and privileges
Regular salary increases
Seniority rights
Promotion upon passing exams
Response for meeting demands

Question 23

Iron Law of Oligarchy

Answer 23

Democratic or Bureaucratic systems naturally shift to being ruled by an elite group

Question 24

Self-Presentation

Answer 24

The process of displaying oneself to society through culturally accepted behaviors; people use strategies to shape what others will think of them

Question 25

Basic Model

Answer 25

There are universal emotion along with corresponding expressions which can be understood across culture

Question 26

Social Construction Model

Answer 26

Emotions are solely based on situational context of social interactions

Question 27

Display Rules

Answer 27

Unspoken rules that govern the expression of emotion

Question 28

Cultural Syndrome

Answer 28

A shared set of beliefs, norms, values and behaviors organized round a central theme

Question 29

How are emotions expressed and detected?

Answer 29

Through self-presentation, gender and culture

Question 30

Self-Presentation

Answer 30

The way people try to control or influence the perceptions of other people

Question 31

Gender Influence

Answer 31

``` Masculinity = aggressive and tough Femininity = ladylike and emotional ```

Question 32

Cultural Influence

Answer 32

Verbal expression, facial expression, non-verbal expressions

Question 33

Impression Management | Self-Presentation

Answer 33

Our attempts to influence how others perceive us

Question 34

The Authentic Self

Answer 34

Who the person actually is (positive and negative attributes)

Question 35

The Ideal Self

Answer 35

Who we would like to be under optimal circumstances

Question 36

The Tactical Self

Answer 36

Who we market ourselves to be when we adhere to others expectations of us

Question 37

Impression Management Strategies

Answer 37

``` Self Disclosure Managing Appearances Ingratiation Aligning Actions Alter-casting ```

Question 38

Self Disclosure

Answer 38

Giving information about oneself to establish an identity

Question 39

Managing Appearances

Answer 39

Using appearance, emotional expression or associations to create a positive image

Question 40

Ingratiation

Answer 40

Using flattery or conforming to expectations to win someone over

Question 41

Aligning actions

Answer 41

Making questionable behavior acceptable through excuses

Question 42

Alter-casting

Answer 42

Imposing an identity onto another person

Question 43

Dramaturgical Perspective/Approach

Answer 43

We imagine ourselves as playing certain roles when interacting with others and as a result of that we have a front and back stage self

Question 44

Front Stage Self

Answer 44

We perform according to the setting, role and script in order to conform to the image we want others to see

Question 45

Back Stage Self

Answer 45

We let down our guard and be ourselves, when we are not being observed by an audience, without having to worry about ruining his performance

Question 46

Verbal Communication

Answer 46

Transmission of information via the used of words, whether spoken, written or signed.

Question 47

Nonverbal Communication

Answer 47

How people communicate, intentionally or unintentionally without words.

Question 48

Animal Communication

Answer 48

Any behavior of one animal that affects the behavior of another; body language, rudimentary facial expressions (baring teeth in dogs), visual displays (peacocks plumage), scents (pheromones, skunks) and vocalization (bird calls, growling).

Question 49

Pheromones

Answer 49

Communication intraspecially (between members of the same species) and interspecially (between members of different species); they’re given off by members of a species to attract a mate. They can also be used to mark an animals territory or as a defense mechanism

Question 50

Altruism

Answer 50

Selflessness toward other people

Question 51

Game Theory

Answer 51

An attempt to explain decision-making behavior; game payoff refers to fitness

Question 52

Discrimination

Answer 52

A specific way of acting toward a group or its members; it's a specific type of behavior

Question 53

Individual Discrimination

Answer 53

When an individual treats another person/group negatively and different from others; involves exclusion or restriction of others

Question 54

Institutional Discrimination

Answer 54

When a legal system, government, corporation, school or some other institution intentionally differentiate members of a group

Question 55

What is the relationship between prejudice & discrimination?

Answer 55

They employ a circular relationship - one leads to the other

Question 56

Which process is the result of behavior? A. Stereotyping B. Prejudice C. Discrimination

Answer 56

C

Question 57

Which process is the result of attitude? A. Stereotyping B. Prejudice C. Discrimination

Answer 57

B

Question 58

What is Illusory Correlation?

Answer 58

When a relationship is perceived between variables evven when no such relationship exists

Question 59

What is Gemeinschaft?

Answer 59

A group unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs, ancestry or geography e.g. Family

Question 60

What is Gesellschaft?

Answer 60

A group unified by mutual self interest in achieving a goal | e.g. Company

Question 61

What is Groupthink?

Answer 61

It is when the desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in a consensual perspective without much though or alternative viewpoints

Question 62

How does the groupthink phenomenon affect the group?

Answer 62

The members begin to focus solely on ideas generated within the group while ignoring outside ideas