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Hormones Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Pineal Gland Hormones

A

Melatonin

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2
Q

Melatonin

A

Induces sleep

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3
Q

Thymus Gland Hormones

A

Thymosin

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4
Q

Thymosin

A

Stimulates T-cell Development

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5
Q

Thyroid Gland Hormones

A

T3 Triiodothyronine
T4 Tetraiodothyronine
Calcitonin

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6
Q

T3 & T4

A

Increase basal metabolic rate

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7
Q

Calcitonin

A

Causes the modeling of bone and decreases Ca levels in the blood

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8
Q

Parathyroid Gland Hormones

A

PTH

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9
Q

PTH

A

Causes the resorption of bone and increases Ca levels in the blood

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10
Q

Adrenal Cortex Hormones

A

Cortisol

Sex steroids

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11
Q

Cortisol

A

Responds to stress long-term, increases blood glucose, protein catabolism, decreases inflammation

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12
Q

Adrenal Medulla Hormones

A

Epinephrine

Aldosterone

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13
Q

Epinephrine

A

Rapid sympathetic stress response

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14
Q

Aldosterone

A

Increases sodium reabsorption to increase BP

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15
Q

Pancreas Hormones

A

Glucagon (alpha cells)
Insulin (beta cells)
Somatostatin (delta cells)

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16
Q

Glucagon

A

Results in an increase in blood glucose and decrease in glycogen and fat storage

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17
Q

Insulin

A

Results in a decrease in blood glucose and increase in glycogen and fat storage;

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18
Q

Somatostatin

A

Inhibits glucagon and insulin secretion

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19
Q

Ovarian Hormones

A

Estrogen

Progesterone

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20
Q

Estrogen

A

Develops secondary sexual characteristics

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21
Q

Progesterone

A

Develops the endometrium

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22
Q

Testicular Hormones

A

Testosterone

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23
Q

Testosterone

A

Develops secondary sexual characteristics

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24
Q

Anterior Pituitary Hormones

A 
Growth Hormone
Prolactin
TSH
ACTH
LH
FSH
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25
Growth Hormone
Increases bone and muscle growth, increases basal metabolic rate
26
Prolactin
Milk production
27
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Increases synthesis and release of thyroid hormone
28
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Increases growth and secretory activity of adrenal cortex
29
Luteinizing Hormone
Ovulation or Testosterone synthesis
30
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
Follicle development or spermatogenesis
31
Posterior Pituitary Hormones
ADH | Oxytocin
32
Antidiuretic Hormone
Water retention
33
Oxytocin
Milk letdown and uterine contractions
34
Heart Hormones
Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)
35
Atrial Natriuretic Factor
Increases urination to decrease BP
36
Kidney Hormones
Erythropoietin (acts on bone marrow)
37
Erythropoietin
Increases RBC synthesis
38
Hypothalamus Hormones | [Hypothalamic-adenohypophyseal axis]
``` Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Corticotropin-releasing Hormone Somatostatin Dopamine ```
39
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone | [Target: Thyroid]
Stimulates the release of TSH & Prolactin
40
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone | [Target: Adrenal Cortex]
Stimulate the release of ACTH
41
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone | [Target: Gonads]
Stimulate the release of FSH and LH
42
Dopamine | [Target: Breast Tissue]
Inhibit prolactin release; *Decrease in dopamine promotes prolactin secretion
43
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone
Stimulates the release of TSH & Prolactin
44
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
Stimulate the release of ACTH
45
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Stimulate the release of FSH and LH
46
Dopamine
Inhibit prolactin release; decrease in dopamine promotes prolactin secretion
47
Dopamine
Inhibit prolactin release
48
Somatostatin
Inhibit GH, TSH
49
Hypothalamus Hormones | [Hypothalamic-Neurohypophyseal Axis]
Oxytocin | Vasopressin
50
Oxytocin
Uterine contraction and lactation (letdown)
51
Vasopressin (ADH)
Increases the permeability to water of the distal tubule and collecting duct; increases water reabsorption and excretion of concentrated urine
52
Secretin
Regulates water homeostasis
53
Cholecystokinin
Stimulates digestion of fat and proteins
54
Ghrelin
Regulates hunger and energy usage
55
Leptin
Inhibits hunger and energy balance
56
Gastrin
Cleaves large proteins into smaller peptides
57
Trophic Hormones
Has a growth effect on the tissues they stimulate
58
Tropic Hormones
Have other endocrine glands as their target
59
Hormone Chemical Precursor
Peptide: Amino Acids/Polypeptides Steroid: Cholesterol
60
Hormone Location of Receptor
Peptide: Extracellular Steroid: Intracellular or Intranuclear
61
Hormone Mechanism of Action
Peptide: Stimulates an extracellular receptor affecting levels of a second messenger [cAMP]; initiates signal cascade Steroid: Binds to a receptor, induces conformational changes and regulates transcription at the level of DNA
62
Hormone Method of Travel in Bloodstream
Peptide: Dissolves & travels freely Steroid: Binds to a carrier protein
63
Hormone Rapidness of Onset
Peptide: Quick Steroid: Slow
64
Hormone Duration of Action
Peptide: Short-lived Steroid: Long-lived
65
Hormone Duration of Action
Peptide: Short-lived Steroid: Long-lived
66
Parafollicular Cells
Calcitonin
67
Adrenal Medulla
Catecholamines includes Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
68
Pancreatic Alpha Cells
Glucagon
69
Pancreatic Beta Cells
Insulin
70
Pancreatic Delta Cells
Somatostatin
71
Posterior Pituitary
ADH/Vasopressin | Oxytocin
72
Adrenal Cortex
Aldosterone (Mineralocorticoids)

MCAT (31 decks)

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