A&P CHAPTER 21: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Question 1

PROCESS OF GAS EXCHANGE BETWEEN ATMOPHERE AND CELLS

Answer 1

RESPIRATION

Question 2

MOVEMENT OF AIR IN AND OUT OF LUNGS

Answer 2

VENTILATION

Question 3

GAS EXCHANGE BETWEEN AIR IN LUNGS AND BLOOD

Answer 3

EXTERNAL RESPIRATION

Question 4

GAS EXCHANGE BETWEEN BLOOD AND THE CELLS

Answer 4

INTERNAL RESPIRATION

Question 5

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

Answer 5

NOSE, NASAL CAVITY, PARANASAL SINUSES, PHARYNX (NASO, ORO, AND LARYNG)

Question 6

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT

Answer 6

LARYNX, TRACHEA, LUNGS

Question 7

FLAP-LIKE STRUCTURE THAT ALLOWS LARYNX TO CONTROL WHETHER AIR OF FOOD PASSES

Answer 7

EPIGLOTTIS

Question 8

WHAT SPLITS INTO THE LEFT AND RIGHT BRONCHI

Answer 8

TRACHEA

Question 9

POINT WHERE TRACHEA BRANCHES INTO BRONCHI

Answer 9

CARINA

Question 10

TYPE 1 ALVEOLAR CELLS

Answer 10

ONE LAYER OF SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS OF THE ALVEOLI WALLS

Question 11

TYPE II ALVEOLAR CELLS

Answer 11

CUBOIDAL CELLS ON SURFACE OF ALVEOLI THAT SECRETE SURFACTANT (OILY SUBSTANCE THAT COATS AVEOLI)

Question 12

ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES

Answer 12

DUST CELLS
PHAGOCYTIZE PARTICLES IN ALVEOLAR EPITHELIUM THAT HAVE NOT ALREADY BEEN CAUGHT

Question 13

WHAT DOES SURFACTANT DO

Answer 13

KEEPS ALVEOLI OPEN AND REDUCES SURFACE TENSION

Question 14

WHAT ENZYME DO ALVEOLAR CAPILLARIES RELEASE

Answer 14

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME (CONVERTS ANGIOTENSIN I TO ANGIOTENSIN II THAT REGULATE BP AND VOLUME)

Question 15

PULMONARY EMBOLISM

Answer 15

WHEN BLOOD FLOW TO A GORUP OF ALVEOLI IS STOPPED WHEN BRANCH OF PULMONARY ARTERY IS BLOCKED BY LARGE BLOOD CLOTS

Question 16

VISCERAL VS PARIETAL PLEURA

Answer 16

VISCERAL: SEROUS MEMBRANE COVERING EXTERNAL LUNG SURFACES
PARIETAL: INNER LINING UNDER VISCERAL PLEURA

Question 17

WHAT DOES PLUERAL FLUID DO

Answer 17

REDUCES FRICTION AS PLEURAE MOVE AGAINST EACH OTHER

Question 18

VOLUME CHANGES ALWAYS LEAD TO ____

Answer 18

PRESSURE CHANGES

Question 19

PRESSURE CHANGES LEAD TO ___

Answer 19

FLOW OF GASES TO EQUALIZE PRESSURE

Question 20

WHAT DOES BOYLE’S LAW STATE

Answer 20

AT A CONSTANT TEMP, PRESSURE OF A GAS CHANGES INVERSELY WITH ITS VOLUME

Question 21

NORMAL RESTING RESPIRATION IS A ____ PROCESS

Answer 21

PASSIVE

Question 22

INHALATION CONTRACTS WHICH MUSCLES

Answer 22

DIAPHRAGM, EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES, ACCESSORY MUSCLES

Question 23

QUIET BREATHING IS KNOWN AS

Answer 23

EUPNEA

Question 24

WHAT HAPPENS DURING EXPRIATION

Answer 24

THE DIAPHRAGM AND RIBCAGE RETURN TO ORIGINAL POSITIONS (ELASTIC REBOUND)

Question 25

FORCED BREATHING IS KNOWN AS

Answer 25

HYPERPNEA

Question 26

WHAT IS TIDAL VOLUME

Answer 26

AMOUNT OF AIR MOVING IN AND OUT OF LUNGS WITH EACH BREATH DURING NORMAL BREATHING

Question 27

INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME

Answer 27

AMOUNT OF AIR THAT CAN BE FORCEFULLY INHALED BEYOND THE TIDAL VOLUME

Question 28

EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME

Answer 28

AMOUNT OF AIR THAT CAN BE FORCEFULLY EXPELLED AFTER THE NORMAL TIDAL VOLUME

Question 29

RESIDUAL VOLUME

Answer 29

AMOUNT OF AIR REMAINING IN LUNGS AFTER MOST FORCEFUL EXPIRATION OF AIR PREVENTS LUNGS FROM COLLAPSING AND KEEPING ALVEOLI OPEN "PATENT"

Question 30

FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY

Answer 30

AIR REMAINING IN LUNGS AFTER NORMAL TIDAL VOLUME EXPIRATION (ERV, RV)

Question 31

VITAL CAPACITY

Answer 31

TOTAL AMOUNT OF AIR FROM TV, IRV, AND ERV

Question 32

TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY

Answer 32

TOTAL OF ALL LUNG VOLUMES ADDED TOGETHER (TV, IRV, ERV, RV)

Question 33

MINUTE VENTILATION

Answer 33

TOTAL AMOUNT OF GAS FLOWING IN/OUT OF REPSIRATORY TRACT IN ONE MINUTE

Question 34

DALTON'S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURES

Answer 34

TOTAL PRESSURE FROM MIX OF GASES IS SUM OF THE PRESSURE THAT EACH GAS EXERTS INDEPENDENTLY

Question 35

HENRY'S LAW

Answer 35

WHEN GAS CONTACTS A LIQUID IT DISSOLVES IN THE LIQUID IN PROPORTION TO ITS PARTIAL PRESSURE

Question 36

4 COMPONENTS OF AIR BY PERCENTAGE (HIGHEST TO LOWEST)

Answer 36

NITROGEN, OXYGEN, WATER, CO2

Question 37

OXYHEMOGLOBIN

Answer 37

OXYGEN DISSOLVES IN BLOOD AND COMBINES WITH IRON ATOMS OF HEMOGLOBIN TO FORM THIS CARRIES OXYGEN TO NEARBY CELLS WHO NEED IT

Question 38

WHAT HAPPENS WITH MOGLOBIN WHEN PH CHANGES

Answer 38

IF PH DECREASES, HB MOLECULES CHANGE SHAPE TO RELEASE OXYGEN MORE EASILY

Question 39

WHAT HAPPENS WITH HEMOGLOBIN AS TEMP CHANGES

Answer 39

IF TEMP IS INCREASED MORE OXYGEN IS RELEASED

Question 40

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ADULT AND FETUS HEMOGLOBIN

Answer 40

MUCH LARGER AFFINITY FOR OXYGEN IN FETAL

Question 41

WHAT PART OF THE HEMOGLOBIN DOES CO2 BOND TO

Answer 41

THE AMINO GROUPS OR PROTEIN PORTION

Question 42

CARBAMINOHEMOGLOBIN

Answer 42

CARBON DIOXIDE BINDING TO HEMOGLOBIN

Question 43

WHAT DOES CARBON DIOXIDE REACTING WITH WATER FORM

Answer 43

BICARBONATE IONS

Question 44

WHAT ENZYME SPEEDS UP THE REACTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER

Answer 44

CARBONIC ANHYDRASE

Question 45

DAMAGE TO THE PHRENIC NERVE CAN CAUSE

Answer 45

INCREASED RESPIRATORY RATE

Question 46

DORSAL VS VETNRAL RESPIRATORY GROUP

Answer 46

DORSAL: INSPIRATION MUSCLES VENTRAL: EXPIRATION MUSCLES

Question 47

DEEP BREATHING IS REFERRED TO AS _____ SHALLOW BREATHING IS REFERRED TO AS ____

Answer 47

DEEP: VDIAPHRAGMATIC SHALLOW: COSTAL

Question 48

WHAT DO CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTORS DO

Answer 48

LOCATED IN MEDULLA OBLONGATA SENSE CO2 INCREASE IN CSF AND INCREASE RESPIRATORY RATE AND TIDAL VOLUME

Question 49

MOST IMPORTANT CHEMICAL REGULATOR OF RESPIRATION

Answer 49

CO2

Question 50

CONDITION IN WHICH CO2 ACCUMULATES IN BRAIN

Answer 50

HYPERCAPNIA

Question 51

PERIPHERAL CHEMORECEPTORS

Answer 51

IN CAROTID AND AORTIC BODIES HELP AND SENSE CHANGES IN BLOOD OXYGEN LEVELS IN EXTREME CASES AND CAN INCREASE BREATHING RATE