CHAPTER 13: PNS AND REFLEX ACTIVITY

Question 1

CHEMORECEPTORS

Answer 1

RESPOND TO CHEMICALS IN SOLUTION IN SMELL/TASTED MOLECULES AND IN CHANGES IN BLOOD/INTERSTITIAL FLUID

Question 2

MECHANORECEPTORS

Answer 2

RESPOND TO MECHANICAL FORCES LIKE PRESSURE, TOUCH VIBRATIONS

Question 3

NOCICEPTORS

Answer 3

RESPOND TO DAMAGING STIMULI LIKE EXTREME HEAT/COLD, EXCESSIVE PRESSURE, INFLAMMATORY CHEMICALS

Question 4

PHOTORECEPTORS

Answer 4

RESPOND TO LIGHT (RETINAS)

Question 5

THERMORECEPTORS

Answer 5

RESPOND TO TEMPERATURE CHANGES

Question 6

NONENCAPSULATED (FREE) NERVE ENDINGS

Answer 6

ENDINGS OF SENSORY NEURONS THAT ARE NON-MYELINATED
RESPOND TO TOUCH AND TEMPERATURE
COMMON IN EPITHELIA AND CONNECTIVE TISSUES

Question 7

ENCAPSULATED NERVE ENDINGS

Answer 7

CONTAIN ONE OR MORE FIBER TERMINALS OF SENSORY NEURONS
ENDINGS OF SENSORY NEURONS THAT ARE MYELINATED
MECHANORECEPTORS

Question 8

WHAT IS SENSATION

Answer 8

AWARENESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES EXTERNALLY AND INTERNALLY

Question 9

WHAT IS PERCEPTION

Answer 9

HOW SENSATION CHANGES ARE INTERPRETED

Question 10

RECEPTOR LEVEL VS. CIRCUIT LEVEL

Answer 10

RECEPTOR LEVEL: SENSORY RECEPTORS
CIRCUIT LEVEL: PROCESSING IN THE ASCENDING PATHWAYS

Question 11

TONIC VS PHASIC RECEPTORS

Answer 11

TONIC: ALWAYS ACTIVE
AKA SLOW-ADAPTING RECEPTORS

PHASIC: NORMALLY INACTIVE BUT BECOME ACTIVE FOR A SHORT TIME WHEN CHANGE OCCURS IN THE CONDITIONS THEY MONITOR
AKA FAST-ADAPTING RECEPTORS

Question 12

REFERRED PAIN

Answer 12

VISCERAL PAIN THAT APPEARS TO BE COMING FROM A DIFFERENT AREA OF THE BODY FROM WHERE IT’S ACTUALLY BEING STIMULATED (HEART ATTACK LEFT ARM)

Question 13

ACUTE VS CHRONIC PAIN FIBERS

Answer 13

ACUTE: MYELINATED NERVE FIVERS THAT CONDUCT IMPULSES FAST AND PRODUCE SHARP PAIN

CHRONIC: UNMYELINATED NERVE FIBERS THAT CONDUCT IMPULSES SLOW AND PRODUCE DULL ACHEY PAIN

Question 14

SENSORY VS MOTOR NERVES

Answer 14

SENSORY: AKA AFFERENT - CARRY IMPULSES TOWARD THE CNS

MOTOR: AKA EFFERENT - CARRY IMPULSES AWAY FROM CNS TO BODY

Question 15

OLFACTORY CRANIAL NERVE

Answer 15

1. SMELL

Question 16

OPTIC

Answer 16

2. VISION

Question 17

OCULOMOTOR

Answer 17

3. MOVEMENT OF EYE/EYELIDS IN ITS ORBIT

Question 18

TORCHLEAR

Answer 18

4. MOVEMENT OF EYES VIA EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLE

Question 19

TRIGEMINAL

Answer 19

5. LARGEST CRANIAL NERVE - CHEWING, TOUCH, TEMP, PAIN

Question 20

ABDUCENS

Answer 20

6. LATERAL EYE MOVEMENT

Question 21

FACIAL

Answer 21

7. FACIAL EXPRESSION, TEARS, SALIVA
   DAMAGE TO THIS CAN CAUSE BELL’S PALSY

Question 22

VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR

Answer 22

8. AUDITORY NERVE - HEARING/EQUILIBRIUM

Question 23

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL

Answer 23

9. SWALLOWING/TONGUE

Question 24

VAGUS

Answer 24

10. SPEECH/SWALLOWING, IMPULSES TO HEART, SMOOTH MUSCLE, THORACIC/ABDOMINAL GLANDS
    DAMAGE COULD BE FATAL

Question 25

ACCESSORY

Answer 25

11. SUPPLY MOTOR FIBERS TO TRAPS AND STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID AND TRANSMITS IMPULSES TO PHARYNX/LARYNX AND NECK/BACK

Question 26

HYPOGLOSSAL

Answer 26

12. TONGUE MOVEMENT FOR CHEWING/SWALLOWING/SPEECH COMPRESSION OF THIS NERVE CAUSES LOSS OF TONGUE MOVEMENT

Question 27

WHAT SUPPLILES THE SOMATIC REGION OF THE BODY

Answer 27

SPINAL NERVE RAMI AND THEIR MAIN BRANCHES

Question 28

CUTANEOUS VS PHRENIC NERVES

Answer 28

CUTANEOUS: SUPPLY THE SKIN PHRENIC NERVES: CONDUCT MOTOR IMPULSES TO DIAPHRAGM

Question 29

WHERE ARE CERVICAL PLEXUSES FOUND AND WHAT DO THEY DO

Answer 29

DEEP IN THE NECK SUPPLY THE SKIN AND CONDUCT DIAPHRAGM IMPULSES

Question 30

WHERE ARE BRACHIAL PLEXUSES FOUND AND WHAT DO THEY DO LARGEST NERVE IN BRACHIAL PLEXUS

Answer 30

SHOULDERS SUPPLY THE SKIN AND MUSCLE OF ARMS/HANDS COMMUNICATE WITH THE SYMPATHETIC TRUNK RADIAL NERVE

Question 31

WHERE ARE LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUSES FOUND AND WHAT DO THEY DO LARGEST NERVE IN LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS

Answer 31

LUMBAR, SACRAL, COCCYX AND INTO PELVIC CAVITY SUPPLY SKIN/MUSCLES OF ABDOMINAL WALL, BUTT, GENETALIA, LEGS, FEET SCIATIC NERVE

Question 32

LONGEST AND THICKEST NERVE IN ENTIRE BODY

Answer 32

SCIATIC NERVE

Question 33

HOW DOES A REFLEX ARC WORK

Answer 33

SENSORY IMPULSES FROM RECEPTORS CAN REACH THEIR EFFECTORS WITHOUT BEING PROCESSED BY BRAIN

Question 34

WHAT IS A MONOSYNAPTIC REFLEX

Answer 34

IN THE REFLEX ARC WHEN THE INTEGRATION CENTER ONLY USES A SINGLE SYNAPSE BETWEEN THE SENSORY NEURON AND MOTOR NUERON

Question 35

SOMATIC REFLEX

Answer 35

ACTIVATES SKELETAL MUSCLE FOR INVOLUNTARY CONTROL

Question 36

AUTONOMIC REFLEX

Answer 36

ACTIVATES VISCERAL EFFECTORS IN SMOOTH OR CARDIAC MUSCLE OR GLANDS

Question 37

LONG VS SHORT REFLEXES

Answer 37

LONG: COORDINATE ACTIVITIES IN ENTIRE ORGAN AND PROCESSED BY CNS SHORT: TARGET SPECIFIC PART OF ORGAN AND DO NOT USE CNS

Question 38

SPINAL REFLEXES

Answer 38

CAN OCCUR WITHOUT INVOLVEMENT OF BRAIN

Question 39

WHAT IS GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME AND HOW IS IT REPAIRED

Answer 39

DAMAGE TO THE MYELIN SHEATH MAY BE REPAIRED BY SCHWANN CELLS

Question 40

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE PNS WITH AGING

Answer 40

SENSORY RECEPTORS ATROPHY, MYELIN SHEATHS DEGENERATE, NEURONS ARE LOST AND HAVE FEWER SYNAPSES SLOWER CONDUCTION OF IMPULSES DECREASED SENSATION AND REFLEXES