Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PARAMEDIC SCHOOL > CHAPTER 9: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY > Flashcards

CHAPTER 9: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in cell size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase in cell size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hyperplasia

A

increase in cell number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

dysplasia

A

alteration of cell size, shape, and organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

metaplasia

A

reversible - one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

edema

A

swelling from excessive fluid trapped in body tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

isotonic fluid deficit

A

decrease in extracellular fluid with proportionate loss of sodium and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hypertonic fluid deficit

A

body losses water and not equal amount of sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hypernatremia

A

hypertonic fluid deficit (more water lost than sodium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

hypotonic fluid deficit

A

more sodium is lost than water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hyponatremia

A

hypotonic fluid deficit (more sodium is lost than water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hypokalemia

A

decreased potassium level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hyperkalemia

A

elevated potassium level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

hypocalcemia

A

decreased calcium level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hypercalcemia

A

increased calcium level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

hypophosphatemia

A

decrease in phosphate levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hyperphosphatemia

A

increase in phosphate levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

hypomagnesemia

A

decrease in magnesium levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

hypermagnesemia

A

increase in magnesium levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

acidosis

A

increase in H+ ions, pH below 7.35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

alkalosis

A

decrease in H+ ions, pH above 7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

respiratory acidosis
respiratory rate:
CO2 levels:
pH levels:

A

hypoventilation
high CO2 (above 45)
low pH (less than 7.35)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

respiratory alkalosis
respiratory rate:
CO2 levels:
pH levels:

A

hyperventilation
low CO2 levels (less than 35)
high pH (above 7.45)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

metabolic acidosis
pH levels:
HCO3 levels:

A

low pH (below 7.35)
low HCO3 (less than 22)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
metabolic alkalosis pH levels: HCO3 levels:
high pH (above 7.45) high HCO3 levels (above 22)
26
hypoxia
lack of oxygen
27
ischemia
lack of blood supply
28
virulence
measures disease causing ability of a microorganism
29
bacteria vs virus
bacteria produce exo/endotoxins and viruses do not
30
pyrogens
released by WBCs to result in fever
31
what do antibiotics affect
bacteria
32
apoptosis
normal cell death
33
what gene leads to apoptosis
caspases
34
perfusion
delivery of oxygen/nutrients to cells and tissues
35
hypoperfusion
level of tissue perfusion decreases below normal
36
what does the body release in response to hypoperfusion
catecholamines (epi and norepi)
37
inotropy
strength of cardiac contraction
38
2 types of central shock
cardiogenic and obstructive
39
2 types of peripheral shock
hypovolemic and distributive
40
cardiogenic shock and most common cause
heart cannot circulate enough blood to maintain adequate peripheral oxygen delivery cause: myocardial infarction
41
obstructive shock and common causes
blood flow becomes blocked in the heart or great vessels causes: pericardial tamponade, aortic dissection, pulmonary embolus, tension pneumothorax
42
hypovolemic shock and 2 types
circulating blood volume is insufficient to deliver adequate oxygen exogenous: external bleeding from wound, diarrhea, vomiting endogenous: fluid loss is contained within body
43
distributive shock and 3 types
widespread dilation of the vessels, blood pools in vascular beds anaphylactic, septic, and neurogenic
44
anaphylactic shock
type of distributive shock histamine and other vasodilators release after exposure to allergen causing widespread vasodilation and leaking of blood vessels
45
septic shock
type of distributive shock widespread infection (bacterial) causing overwhelming of mechanisms and increased vasodilation
46
neurogenic shock
type of distributive shock spinal cord injury leading to loss of sympathetic nervous system and vasodilation
47
MODS and primary vs secondary
multiple organ dysfunction syndrome concurrent failure of two or more organs primary: direct trauma secondary: slower more progressive
48
morbidity vs mortality
morbidity: prevalence of disease mortality: number of deaths from a disease
49
how are immunologic disordered caused
hyperactivity/hypoactivity of immune system
50
diabetes mellitus
partial or no insulin secretion
51
type 1 diabetes
insulin-dependent diabetes
52
type 2 diabetes
non-insulin dependent diabetes
53
hemolytic anemia and causes
increased destruction of RBCs causes: Rh factor blood transfusion reaction, immune system disorder
54
hemophilia
excessive bleeding (usually factor VIII is missing or in low amounts)
55
hemochromatosis
body absorbs more iron than it needs to
56
Long QT syndrome and what patients are at risk for
prolongation of QT interval in ECG at risk for: palpitations, ventricular dysrhythmias, torsades de pointes - syncope or sudden death
57
syncope conditions that can be life-threatening
exercise induced chest pain associated history of syncope in family member syncope associated with startle
58
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
excessive thickening of heart muscle
59
cardiomyopathy
disease of the myocardium
60
mitral valve prolapse
mitral valve balloon into left atrium during systole
61
coronary heart disease
impaired circulation to the heart from occluded coronary arteries (plaque buildup)
62
hypercholesterolemia
elevation of blood cholesterol level
63
gout
accumulation of uric acid in blood and joints (especially in big toe)
64
kidney stones
small masses of uric acid or calcium salts that form in urinary system
65
malabsorption disorders
defects in function of bowel wall that prevent adequate nutrient absorption
66
lactose intolerance
defect or deficiency of lactase enzyme
67
ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammatory disease of large intestine and rectum
68
Crohn disease
chronic inflammatory condition that affects areas of GI tract, especially small intestine
69
peptic ulcer disease
circumscribed erosions (ulcerations) of mucous membrane lining the GI tract
70
gallstones
stonelike masses in gallbladder or ducts caused by precipitation of bile substances (cholesterol/bilirubin)
71
Huntington disease
hereditary condition characterized by progressive chorea (involuntary rapid, jerky motions) and mental deterioration usually death within 15 years
72
muscular dystrophy
hereditary disease of muscular system that lead to weakness and wasting of groups of skeletal muscles
73
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
wasting of leg/pelvic muscles producing waddle gait and abnormal spine curvature usually die before 20 years old
74
multiple sclerosis
myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers of brain and spinal cord become damaged
75
Alzheimer disease
cortical atrophy and loss of neurons in frontal and temporal brain lobes
76
Schizophrenia
group of mental disorders characterized by gross distortion of reality (psychoses) withdrawl from social contacts, and bizarre actions, hallucinations
77
bipolar disorder
mental disorder characterized by episodes of mania and depression

PARAMEDIC SCHOOL (74 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions