CHP 30: TRAUMA SYSTEMS AND MOIs

Question 1

what is mechanical energy and its two types

Answer 1

energy from motion

kinetic (object in motion) and potential (non-moving object)

Question 2

what does barometric energy result from

Answer 2

radical sudden changes in pressure

Question 3

external factors that determine types of injuries

Answer 3

force and energy delivered

Question 4

spreading of impact without breaking skin is called what

Answer 4

blunt trauma

Question 5

what injury to suspect with cracked windshield

Answer 5

spinal injury

Question 6

velocity vs acceleration

Answer 6

velocity: speed
acceleration: change in velocity

Question 7

newton’s first law of motion

Answer 7

body at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by outside force

Question 8

newton’s second law of motion

Answer 8

force that an object can exert is equal to its mass x acceleration

Question 9

5 phases of MVA’s

Answer 9

deceleration of vehicle (vehicle hitting another)
deceleration of occupants
deceleration of internal organs
secondary collisions from objects within vehicle
additional impacts (from another vehicle hitting wreck)

Question 10

which type of MVA accident has the most survivors

Answer 10

rear impacts

Question 11

common airbag injuries

Answer 11

chemical burns and abrasions

Question 12

adult vs child vehicle vs pedestrian

Answer 12

adult: lateral and posterior injuries
kids: frontal injuries (freeze and stare at car)

Question 13

3 MOIs in vehicle vs pedestrian

Answer 13

first impact: person with bumper
second: person onto hood or grill
third: body strikes ground

Question 14

what is the Waddell triad

Answer 14

pattern of vehicle vs pedestrian injuries in kids

Question 15

5, 6, vs 7 story fall

Answer 15

5: questionable survivability
6: unlikely survival
7: rarely survivable

Question 16

how to adults vs kids fall

Answer 16

kids: head first and upper extremities from trying to break fall
adults: buttocks and wrists from trying to land on feet

Question 17

what is the Don Juan syndrome

Answer 17

potential injuries from vertical fall to standing position

Question 18

what is Colles fracture

Answer 18

fractures of forearm and wrist

Question 19

5 factors of falls

Answer 19

height, position, area, surface, physical condition

Question 20

examples of low and high velocity

Answer 20

low: knife
high: bullet

Question 21

severity of stab wound depends on what

Answer 21

anatomic area involved, depth, blade length, and angle

Question 22

3 primary firearm classifications

Answer 22

shotguns, rifles, handguns

Question 23

most critical factor when determining seriousness of gunshot wound

Answer 23

type of tissue through which it passes

Question 24

how to differentiate entrance from exit wound

Answer 24

entrance: can have powder burns
exit: usually larger and more ragged

Question 25

what is the primary blast injury

Answer 25

injuries due to blast pressure wave itself

Question 26

what is the secondary blast injury

Answer 26

injuries from missiles being propelled by blast force

Question 27

what is the tertiary blast injury

Answer 27

injuries due to impact with another object

Question 28

what is the quaternary blast injury

Answer 28

collateral injuries - burns, crush injuries, toxic inhalation

Question 29

what is quinary blast injury

Answer 29

long-term damage from biologic, chemical, or radioactive contaminants added to explosive device

Question 30

what on body is effected most by primary blast injury

Answer 30

lungs, eardrums, and compressible organs

Question 31

most common cause of death from blast injuries

Answer 31

neurologic and head trauma

Question 32

how does pressure waves from explosion effect vitals

Answer 32

hypotension and bradycardia from vagal nerve-mediated form of shock

Question 33

what is the platinum 10 minutes

Answer 33

on-scene time for trauma patients limited to under 10 mins

Question 34

what is the golden hour

Answer 34

hemorrhage control in critically injured patient within 1 hour after traumatic injury

Question 35

two major groups of trauma patients

Answer 35

isolated and multisystem

Question 36

what is deviated trachea indicative of

Answer 36

tension pneumo

Question 37

what is the trauma score used for and its scale

Answer 37

determine likelihood of patient survival 1-16, 16 best possible consisting of GCS score, RR, respiratory expansion, cap refill, and BP

Question 38

what is the revised trauma score and its scale

Answer 38

used to assess injury severity in patients with head trauma without multisystem injury 1-12, 12 best possible using GCS score, SBP, and RR

Question 39

what is the trauma lethal triad

Answer 39

significant contributor to death in patients with severe traumatic bleeding hypothermia, coagulopathy, acidosis

Question 40

MOI criteria for transporting to level 1 trauma center

Answer 40

fall more than 10 ft, high risk MVC, vehicle vs pedestrian more than 20mph

Question 41

parameters for high-risk MVC

Answer 41

12 inches intrusion to occupant side or 18 inches to any part of vehicle, extrication, ejection, unrestrained child, death of occupant in same vehicle

Question 42

contraindications for air transport

Answer 42

traumatic cardiac arrest, morbidly obese, barotrauma