FISDAP PREP QUIZZES Flashcards by Taylor O'Connell

What cartilage is an important visual landmark for endotracheal intubation?

Select one:
a. tracheal
b. thyroid
c. arytenoid
d. cricoid

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A 19 year old female complains of difficulty breathing. She is sitting upright and leaning forward in respiratory distress. Lung sounds are diminished in the distal lobes. Her father states that her asthma inhaler has not helped. What should you do?

Select one:
a. administer albuterol nebulizer
b. assist her ventilations
c. apply CPAP
d. prepare for intubation

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A 52 year old male complains of difficulty breathing after a long flight. He has bilateral chest rise but he complains of pinpoint chest pain on the right lateral aspect of his chest wall. What is the most likely cause?

Select one:
a. Asthma exacerbation
b. Anxiety attack
c. Pulmonary embolism
d. Myocardial infarction

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A 50 year old male complains of shortness of breath that awoke him in the middle of the night. His medications are furosemide, lisinopril, and digoxin. Vital signs are BP 150/80, P 88 and irregular, R 24 with crackles. What should you suspect?

Select one:
a. Pneumonia
b. Pulmonary edema
c. Upper airway obstruction
d. Bronchospasm

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A 30 year old male has overdosed on codeine. Vital signs are P 60, R 6 and shallow. What condition is developing?

Select one:
a. Respiratory acidosis
b. Metabolic acidosis
c. Respiratory alkalosis
d. Metabolic alkalosis

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Following placement of a dual lumen airway device your assessment reveals absent epigastric sounds. You note chest rise with each assisted ventilation. Where is the location of the airway device?

Select one:
a. Trachea
b. Hypopharynx
c. Right bronchus
d. Esophagus

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An 18 year old male is having an asthma exacerbation. He is becoming tired and drowsy. What finding should concern you the most about the severity of his exacerbation?

Select one:
a. High-pitched expiratory wheezing
b. Absence of breath sounds
c. Inspiratory and expiratory wheezing
d. Diffuse bilateral rhonchi and rales

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An 18 year old female had been on a carnival ride and became panic stricken when the ride stalled for 15 minutes at a high altitude. Now she complains of muscle pain in her fingers and toes. Vitals are BP 140/90, P 108, R 38. What should you suspect;

Select one:
a. Hypocarbia
b. Pulmonary embolism
c. Hypoxemia
d. Asthma attack

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A febrile 72 year old male complains of gradual onset of difficulty breathing. Lungs sounds reveal crackles in the left base. What is the most likely cause?

Select one:
a. Pneumonia
b. Pulmonary embolism
c. Cor pulmonale
d. Asthma

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A 56 year old female can only speak in 1 - 2 word sentences. She is on low-flow oxygen for congestive heart failure. Her shortness of breath started while cleaning the house. Vital signs are BP 180/102, P 126, R 28 with crackles, SpO2 82%. What should you do?

Select one:
a. Obtain IV access.
b. Apply high-flow oxygen.
c. Apply CPAP.
d. Apply a 3 lead ECG.

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A 49 year old female has a complete airway obstruction and just became unconscious. With a laryngoscope, you visualize the obstruction at the level of the glottic opening. What should you do?

Select one:
a. Perform needle cricothyrotomy.
b. Push the obstruction deeper with an endotracheal tube.
c. Remove the obstruction with Magill forceps.
d. Place an endotracheal tube around the obstruction.

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A 28 year old unconscious male had his torso trapped for 3 hours under heavy debris. His jaw is clenched and your hear gurgling in his airway. What medication should you administer to facilitate securing the airway?

Select one:
a. Ketamine
b. Vecuronium
c. Midazolam
d. Succinylcholine

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A 54 year old female is unconscious and unresponsive. She has a faint carotid pulse and snoring respirations. What should you do?

Select one:
a. Perform a head tilt chin-lift.
b. Determine a blood glucose level.
c. Start an IV of normal saline.
d. Establish an advanced airway.

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What causes a loss of lung elasticity and air to be trapped within the lobes?

Select one:
a. Pulmonary edema
b. Asthma
c. Emphysema
d. Chronic bronchitis

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A 4 year old male was hit by a car. He has unilateral lung sounds with asymmetrical chest rise. He is unconscious. Which of the following BEST indicates effective ventilation?

Select one:
a. SpO2 95%
b. Capillary refill
c. Mental status
d. ETCO2 37 mmHg

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A 59 year old male became ill while shopping. His eyes are open, but he does not respond to verbal stimulus. He has peripheral cyanosis with rapid and shallow respirations. What should you do?

Select one:
a. Administer oxygen and check the radial pulse.
b. Assist ventilations with high-flow oxygen by bag-valve mask.
c. Apply a 3 lead ECG and determine the heart rhythm.
d. Apply pulse oximetry to determine oxygen saturation.

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What patient would most likely have an ETCO2 of 20 mm Hg?

Select one:
a. A 22 year old male being hyperventilated by bag-valve mask
b. An unresponsive 81 year old female after a narcotic overdose
c. A 41 year old diabetic male with Kussmaul’s respirations
d. A 35 year old obese male who complains of angina

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A 56 year old male is supine in bed and is responsive only to painful stimulus. Vital signs are BP 108/64, P 52, R 6 and shallow, Sp02 78%. What should you do?

Select one:
a. Position him upright and reassess ventilations.
b. Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.
c. Perform endotracheal intubation.
d. Apply high-flow oxygen by non-rebreather mask

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An unresponsive 54 year old male is found slumped over the steering wheel in a parking lot. You can see empty medicine and alcohol containers in the front seat. Vital signs are P 130, R 6 and snoring. What should you do?

Select one:
a. Manually open his airway.
b. Insert an oropharyngeal airway.
c. Perform endotracheal intubation.
d. Apply high-flow oxygen.

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An 18 year old female is unconscious after an assault. Respirations are 4 and shallow. After inserting an airway adjunct she develops gurgling respirations. What should you do?

Select one:
a. Remove the airway adjunct.
b. Perform endotracheal intubation.
c. Suction the airway.
d. Continue to assist ventilations.

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What secondary method should you use to confirm correct endotracheal intubation placement?

Select one:
a. Positive epigastric sounds
b. ETCO2
c. Moisture within ET tube
d. SpO2%

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A barrel-chested, 59 year old male with a history of lung disease is in respiratory distress with diffuse expiratory wheezes. His complexion is still pink. What is the explanation for his complexion while being in respiratory distress?

Select one:
a. Atrial fibrillation
b. Cor pulmonale
c. Increased carbon dioxide levels
d. Polycythemia

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What respiratory problem is caused by bacterial infection?

Select one:
a. Emphysema
b. Cystic fibrosis
c. RSV
d. Epiglottitis

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An unresponsive 60 year old man has soot around his mouth following a house fire. He has a weak cough with minimal chest wall movement when he breathes. What should you do?

Select one:
a. Obtain IV access.
b. Support ventilations with CPAP.
c. Prepare for intubation.
d. Transport in position of comfort.

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Immediately after successful endotracheal intubation of a 66 year old female, you can only hear lung sounds on the right side. What should you do? Select one: a. Re-visualize tube placement through the vocal cords. b. Pull the tube back slightly. c. Insert the tube a little deeper. d. Pull the tube out and reattempt intubation.

During ventricular systole, what is the blood pumped through? Select one: a. Tricuspid and bicuspid valves b. Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valve c. Superior vena cava d. Ductus arteriosis

A 71 year old male with a history of Alzheimer's was found lying outside. He is apneic and pulseless. The overnight temperature was 12 degrees F, and his core temperature is 79 degrees F. What should you do? Select one: a. Withhold initiating resuscitative efforts. b. Provide basic resuscitative efforts. c. Administer epinephrine every 5 minutes. d. Double the dose of IV medications.

What other condition is commonly associated with atrial fibrillation? Select one: a. Chronic bronchitis b. Renal failure c. Peripheral vascular disease d. Congestive heart failure

What does ST-elevation indicate? Select one: a. Myocardial ischemia b. Cardiac tamponade c. Hypercarbia d. Hypokalemia

What type of p-waves should you expect to see with atrial flutter? Select one: a. Normal b. Sawtooth c. Rounded d. Absent

A 75 year old man complains of weakness and fatigue. He has dependent edema and jugular venous distension. Last year, he had 3 cardiac stents implanted. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Right ventricular failure b. Acute renal failure c. Tension pneumothorax d. Pulmonary edema

An ECG shows a wide complex rhythm at a rate of 36 beats per minute. What part of the heart's conduction system is acting as the pacemaker for this patient? Select one: a. Atrioventricular node b. Bachman's bundle c. Purkinje fibers d. Internodal tract

A 72 year old male complains of "heaviness" in the chest, generalized weakness, and epigastric pain. He is pale, cool and diaphoretic. Vital signs are BP 92/60, P 54, R 24. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Gastric-esophageal reflux b. Costochondritis c. Cerebrovascular accident d. Myocardial infarction

A 56 year old male complains of dizziness and weakness after 2 syncopal episode. He is pale, cool and diaphoretic. When he stands up his dizziness increases and he almost passes out. Vital signs are BP 98/48, P 104 and irregular, R 18. What should you do? Select one: a. Administer nitroglycerin. b. Obtain IV access. c. Obtain a 12 lead ECG. d. Begin transcutaneous pacing.

A 59 year old male complains of a severe headache and blurred vision. The symptoms have increased in the last 3 hours. He tells you, "I ran out of my heart medication last month and couldn't buy any more." Vital signs are BP 210/110, P 90, R 24. What should be your primary concern? Select one: a. Increasing cardiac output b. Relieving his headache c. Reducing his blood pressure d. Social services referral

What is the definitive treatment for ventricular fibrillation (v-fib) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (v-tach)? Select one: a. Defibrillation b. Oxygenation c. Amiodarone d. Chest compressions

What medication should be administered to patients with mild symptoms due to bradycardia? Select one: a. Aspirin b. Adenosine c. Atropine d. Albuterol

During atrial systole, what is the blood pushed through? Select one: a. Right and left coronary arteries b. Tricuspid and bicuspid valves c. Aortic semilunar valve d. Inferior vena cava

What is the most common cause of premature ventricular contractions? Select one: a. Hypovolemia b. Hypoxia c. Hypertension d. Hypoglycemia

When are coronary arteries perfused? Select one: a. Atrial diastole b. Ventricular systole c. Atrial systole d. Ventricular diastole

What ion is responsible for depolarization of the myocardium? Select one: a. Calcium b. Chlorine c. Potassium d. Sodium

A 43 year old female complains of 8/10 chest pressure that started while playing tennis. The pressure is substernal, non-radiating, and decreases to 6/10 with rest. Vital signs are BP 150/88, P 96, R 18. She is reluctant to go to the hospital. What should you do? Select one: a. Arrange for private transportation and document her refusal carefully. b. Recheck vital signs and thoroughly document her refusal. c. Convince her to accept transport and administer aspirin. d. Ask her to accept an albuterol nebulizer then recheck her vital signs.

What characteristic of chest pain is distinct to a myocardial infarction? Select one: a. Increased on palpation b. Unrelieved with rest c. Associated with leg pain d. Decreased when leaning forward

A 52 year old male complains of chest pain after mowing his lawn. He took 3 nitroglycerin tablets without relief prior to EMS arrival. Vital signs are BP 94/48, P 92, R 18, SpO2 97%. What should you do? Select one: a. Obtain IV access. b. Administer an additional nitroglycerin. c. Obtain a 12 lead ECG. d. Administer morphine sulfate.

A 51 year old male is in cardiac arrest. Bystander CPR is in progress and 1 shock from the AED was administered prior to your arrival. The second shock is indicated by the AED, but your monitor is not yet set up. What should you do? Select one: a. Continue CPR while the monitor is setup. b. Obtain IV access. c. Deliver the next shock using the AED. d. Perform endotracheal intubation.

A 62 year old female is in cardiac arrest and has just been intubated. She has bilateral breath sounds and absent epigastric sounds. What should you do? Select one: a. Ventilate with more force and confirm placement. b. Attach the quantitative end tidal CO2 monitor. c. Check for moisture on the inside of the endotracheal tube. d. Deflate the cuff and remove the endotracheal tube.

A 54 year old male pale and diaphoretic. The ECG monitor shows a narrow complex tachycardia at 180. What should you do? Select one: a. Administer epinephrine. b. Obtain a 12 lead ECG c. Administer adenosine. d. Perform unsynchronized cardioversion.

While transporting a 44 year old female, her heart rate suddenly rises to 200 beats per minute. She is talking in full sentences and denies chest pain. What should you do? Select one: a. Prepare to sedate the patient. b. Attempt vagal maneuvers. c. Administer adenosine. d. Perform synchronized cardioversion.

A 51 year old male is unresponsive and apneic. What should you do? Select one: a. Open the airway. b. Assess for breathing. c. Start compressions. d. Check his pulse.

Which patient meets the criteria for therapeutic hypothermia? Select one: a. An unresponsive 65 year old male with adequate perfusion b. An unconscious 78 year old male with hypotension and traumatic injuries c. A semi-conscious 45 year old female with hypotension d. A conscious 51 year old female with adequate perfusion

An 83 year old female was found submerged in a bath tub. She is pulseless and apneic. A nursing home attendant stated that she last saw her 1 hour ago taking a bath. Her heart rhythm is asystolic after 20 minutes resuscitation efforts. What should you do? Select one: a. Provide transcutaneous pacing. b. Administer 1 mg of Atropine. c. Discontinue resuscitation efforts. d. Check for loose ECG leads.

A 63 year old female complains of "funny heart beats" and dizziness when she stands. Vital signs are BP 122/82, P 188 and regular, R 20, SpO2 98%. What should you do? Select one: a. Obtain orthostatic blood pressure. b. Administer 12 mg adenosine. c. Perform synchronized cardioversion. d. Attempt a vagal maneuver.

A bariatric 42 year old female is in cardiac arrest. The EMR is having a hard time locating the correct landmarks for chest compressions. Vital signs are BP 0/0, P 0, R assisted, ETCO2 8 mmHg. What should you do? Select one: a. Discontinue resuscitative efforts. b. Perform endotracheal intubation. c. Obtain intraosseous access. d. Assess the quality of chest compressions.

A 66 year old female has refractory ventricular fibrillation after two shocks and 1 mg 1:10,000 epinephrine. What medication should you administer? Select one: a. 1 mg 1:1,000 Epinephrine b. 100 meq Sodium Bicarbonate c. 100 g Lidocaine d. 300 mg Amiodarone

What is the longest amount of time that fibrinolytic treatment can be provided after the initial onset of a stroke? Select one: a. 4.5 hours b. 1 hour c. 24 hours d. 9.5 hours

A 35 year old female is unresponsive after having a return of spontaneous circulation. Vital signs are BP 96/50, P 66, R assisted, blood glucose analysis 40 mg/dL. What should you do? Select one: a. Administer 25 g dextrose. b. Suction the endotracheal tube. c. Obtain a 12 lead ECG. d. Administer 5 mcg/kg dopamine.

A 56 year old male had a syncopal episode. He is hypotensive and responsive to verbal stimulus only. The ECG shows a third-degree block with a rate of 32 bpm. What should you do? Select one: a. Administer atropine 0.5 mg. b. Initiate transcutaneous pacing. c. Administer epinephrine 5 mcg/min. d. Provide a fluid bolus.

An 82 year old male is in ventricular fibrillation. What should you administer? Select one: a. Atropine 1mg b. Epinephrine 1 mg c. Furosemide 40mg d. Amiodarone 300 mg

A 50 year old female is in cardiac arrest. CPR is in progress, and the monitor shows a pulseless electrical activity at a rate of 70. What medication should you administer? Select one: a. Epinephrine 1 mg b. Amiodarone 300 mg c. Atropine 1 mg d. Magnesium sulfate 2 g

How does adenosine work? Select one: a. Increases parasympathetic effects on the heart b. Slows the firing rate of the SA node c. Competes for beta-1 receptor sites d. Slows conduction through the AV node

A 55 year old male complains of heart palpitations. While obtaining a history he becomes unresponsive. He is pulseless and apneic and the ECG monitor shows ventricular fibrillation. What should you do? Select one: a. Defibrillate immediately b. Perform CPR for 2 minutes c. Perform endotracheal intubation d. Obtain IV access and administer amiodarone

A 51 year old female is in cardiac arrest and CPR is being administered. What does an ETCO2 reading of less than 10 mmHg indicate? Select one: a. Hypoventilation b. Poor perfusion c. Return of spontaneous circulation d. Inadequate tidal volume

A 9 month old, 8 kg male remains in ventricular fibrillation after 5 min of ALS care. You are preparing to initiate a second defibrillation. What should you charge your cardiac monitor to? Select one: a. 24 b. 32 c. 38 d. 16

A confused 55 year old female complains of chest pain. Her ECG shows sinus bradycardia. Vital signs are BP 82/40, P 46, R 20. What should you administer? Select one: a. Epinephrine b. Dopamine c. Atropine d. Albuterol

A 62 year old male complains of shortness of breath. He has a history of congestive heart failure. Vital signs are BP 166/108, P 56, R 26, SpO2 64%. What should you do? Select one: a. Apply CPAP. b. Apply a 3 lead ECG. c. Obtain IV access. d. Assist his ventilations.

A 76 year old male is in cardiac arrest. Emergency Medical Responders have been performing high-quality CPR for 6 minutes. The ECG monitor shows monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. What is should you do? Select one: a. Deliver an unsynchronized shock at 200J. b. Administer amiodarone 300mg. c. Administer a round of epinephrine 1:10,000. d. Perform endotracheal intubation.

A 24 year old male with a history of sickle cell anemia complains of leg and lower abdominal pain. He is lying in the fetal position. Vital signs are BP 140/92, P 114, R 18, SpO2 98% with 15 lpm. What should you do? Select one: a. Administer a hypertonic saline solution. b. Administer morphine sulfate intravenously. c. Obtain a 12 lead ECG. d. Monitor vital signs and transport.

A febrile 54 year old female complains of nausea and vomiting with pain around her umbilicus. Her abdominal tenderness increases on palpation. Vital signs are BP 80/40 and P 130. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Acute pancreatitis b. Severe gastroenteritis c. Ectopic pregnancy d. Ruptured appendix

While transferring a 34 year old male receiving a blood transfusion, he begins to complain of difficulty breathing. His skin is red and warm with urticaria. Vital signs are BP 70/40, P120, R 24. What should you do? Select one: a. Establish an additional IV. b. Administer high-flow oxygen. c. Discontinue the blood transfusion. d. Administer a heparin infusion.

A 43 year old male tells you that he is a chronic alcoholic but that he quit drinking 3 days ago. He now complains of sweating, trembling, anxiety, and hallucinations. What is the most likely cause? Select one: a. Tremens syndrome b. Diaphoresis c. Status epilepticus d. Delirium tremens

A confused 39 year old male was found after being lost in the woods for 24 hours. His clothing is damp and he is shivering. He has blisters on his feet and hands. What should you do? Select one: a. Remove his clothing and cover him with blankets. b. Obtain IV access and administer a normal saline bolus. c. Obtain a full set of vital signs. d. Get him to drink warm fluids.

A 42 year old female complains of left sided facial weakness with slurred speech that started the day before. She is concerned because she has lost her sense of taste. What is the most likely cause? Select one: a. Cerebral vascular accident b. Trigeminal neuralgia c. Lyme disease d. Bell's palsy

A mother of a 17 year old male called EMS because her son has a depressed affect. While assessing him, he states, "I'm not sure if I can take this anymore." What should you do? Select one: a. Physically restrain him. b. Inquire about his suicidal ideations. c. Contact law enforcement. d. Obtain a list of his medications.

A 27 year old female complains of general weakness. She tells you that she feels "unstable" when she walks so she lay down in bed. She is supine in bed and was incontinent. She is out of her prescribed methylprednisolone. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Parkinson's disease b. Multiple sclerosis c. Huntington's disease d. Muscular dystrophy

An 80 year old male complains of a headache and nausea. He is confused with hot, dry skin. His house is hot and humid. Vital signs are BP 90/55, P 96, R 18, SpO2 88%, blood glucose analysis 88 mg/dL. What should you do? Select one: a. Initiate passive cooling measures. b. Check the blood glucose level. c. Begin active cooling measures. d. Administer a fluid challenge.

A 39 year old female complains of chronic left-sided flank pain that radiates to her hip. She called EMS because the pain is "unbearable." Vital signs are BP 133/86, P 104, R 16. What should you do? Select one: a. Administer 4 mg morphine sulfate. b. Listen to her bowel sounds. c. Assess for rebound tenderness. d. Administer 500 mg acetaminophen.

A 26 year old male complains of chest pain and hemoptysis. He has a productive cough with purulent discharge and a low-grade fever. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Tuberculosis b. Acute bronchitis c. Pulmonary embolism d. Cor pulmonale

What is a potential risk for patients who are delinquent for renal dialysis? Select one: a. Hyponatremia b. Hypocalcemia c. Hypermagnesiemia d. Hyperkalemia

A 31 year old female complains of diplopia and nausea with vomiting. She has a well-developed goiter and is sweating profusely. Vital signs are BP 132/92, P 104, R 18. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Organophosphate poisoning b. Hypothyroidism c. Radiation exposure d. Thyrotoxic crisis

A 46 year old female is vomiting blood. She is holding a bucket of approximately 1500 mL dark, purple blood by her bed. She has a history of peptic ulcer disease, reflux, and alcoholism. Her upper right quadrant is tender on palpation. Vital signs are BP 90/50, P 130, R 18, skin pale, cool, and moist. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Esophageal varices b. Acute gastroenteritis c. Hemorrhagic pancreatitis d. Gastric ulcer perforation

A 61 year old male is confused about the amount of atenolol he has taken. Which is a sign of an overdose? Select one: a. Hyperglycemia b. Productive cough c. Tachycardia d. Hypotension

A 48 year old male complains of right upper quadrant pain. He is malnourished with a general malaise. He tells you that he is an alcoholic and rarely has enough money for food. Vital signs are BP 112/66, P 112, R 24, blood glucose analysis 55 mg/dL. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Hepatitis b. Pancreatitis c. Esophageal varices d. Sickle cell crisis

Which drug causes a patient's pupils to constrict? Select one: a. Amphetamine b. Opiate c. Marijuana d. Barbiturate

A 25 year old male complains of watery eyes and localized edema to his eyelids. He has a peanut allergy and his friends had been eating peanuts. Vitals signs are BP 130/80, P 90, R 18. What should you administer? Select one: a. Epinephrine b. Diphenhydramine c. Terbutaline d. Albuterol

A 36 year old male complains of flank pain that radiates to his groin. He tells you that his "urine has been darker than normal." Vital signs are BP 136/86, P 100, R 16. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Aneurysm b. Gall stones c. Renal calculi d. Appendicitis

A 24 year old female is sitting in a chair slumped to one side. She has slurred speech and her skin is clammy. Vital signs are BP 118/70, P 80, R 20, blood glucose analysis 40 mg/dL. What should you administer? Select one: a. Naloxone b. Oral glucose c. Dextrose 50% d. Glucagon

A 20 year old female is postictal after having a 10 minute seizure. Her family states that the she had a traumatic brain injury 8 months ago. Vital signs are BP 144/82, P 92, R 16, SpO2 90%, blood glucose analysis 66 mg/dL. What should you do? Select one: a. Administer a benzodiazepine. b. Administer 50% dextrose. c. Perform a stroke scale assessment . d. Apply supplemental oxygen.

A 56 year old male is unconscious and jaundiced. He has peripheral edema and a shunt in his left upper arm. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Renal failure b. Hyperglycemia crisis c. Septicemia d. Chronic pancreatitis

A 52 year old male complains of sharp abdominal pain that radiates to his back for the past 5 days. He is nauseated with vomiting and diarrhea. He has right upper quadrant, mid-abdominal tenderness and Cullen's sign. He tells you that he has a history of alcoholism. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Gastroenteritis b. Hepatitis c. Pancreatitis d. Peptic ulcer disease

A 41 year old male returned from a scuba diving trip 12 hours ago. He complains of a gradual onset of stiff joints and a headache. His skin is mottled and his vital signs are BP 110/74, P 112, R 22, SpO2 82% on high-flow oxygen. What should you do? Select one: a. Assist his ventilations. b. Transport him to the closest hospital. c. Place him into the Trendelenburg position. d. Transport him to a hyperbaric facility.

A 68 year old female is confused, and her husband states that she has had a general malaise and loose stools. She has a history of diabetes for which she takes metformin. Vital signs are BP 82/54, P 98, R 18, blood glucose analysis 720 mg/dL. What should you suspect? Select one: a. HHNS b. Hyperglycemia c. DKA d. Hypoglycemia

A 46 year old female complains of shortness of breath. She has a history of alcohol abuse and presents with severe ascites. Her vital signs are BP 142/84, P 102, R 24 with crackles. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Gastroenteritis b. Congestive heart failure c. Liver failure d. Cholecystitis

A 28 year old female complains of a sudden onset of dyspnea while eating in a restaurant. Her tongue is swelling and she has urticaria on her neck. Vital signs are BP 86/44, P 116, R 18 with wheezing. What should you administer? Select one: a. Epinephrine b. Terbutaline c. Diphenhydramine d. Albuterol

While spraying pesticide on his crops, a 51 year old male started to feel lightheaded and had trouble breathing with excessive saliva production. What should you administer? Select one: a. Amyl nitrite b. Sodium nitrite c. Atropine d. Albuterol

Which condition would make a patient more prone to thyroid storm? Select one: a. Addison's disease b. Cushing's syndrome c. Graves' disease d. Myxedema coma

Why do patients with hyperglycemia have Kussmaul respirations? Select one: a. Excessive ketones b. Respiratory acidosis c. Insulin shock d. Hyperventilation syndrome

A 35 year old male is a diabetic. He is acting strangely and is unable to follow your commands. Vital signs are BP 140/88, P 102, R 18, blood glucose level 36 mg/dL. What should you do? Select one: a. Perform a prehospital stroke scale. b. Administer glucagon 1 mg. c. Obtain a 12 lead ECG. d. Administer dextrose 25 g.

A 52 year old male tells you that he took sildenafil within the last 12 hours. What medication is contraindicated? Select one: a. Dextrose b. Vasopressin c. Nitroglycerin d. Atropine

A 36 year old female is lethargic and has cool, clammy skin. She tells you that she took her diabetes medication that day but did not eat. Vital signs are BP 116/78, P 116, R 24, SpO2 98%, blood glucose analysis 36 mg/dL. What should you do? Select one: a. Administer a tube of oral glucose. b. Obtain IV access and administer dextrose. c. Administer glucagon. d. Obtain IV access and administer a normal saline bolus.

What is the effect of diltiazem? Select one: a. Suppresses phase 0 of cardiac cell b. Increases AV nodal conduction c. Increases intracellular calcium d. Decrease intracellular calcium

A 59 year old male complains of chest pain with shortness of breath. Vital signs are BP 88/48, P 60, R 22, SpO2 88% with 15 lpm. What should you do? Select one: a. Administer morphine 2 mg. b. Apply CPAP. c. Obtain a blood glucose analysis. d. Administer aspirin 325 mg.

A 40 year old female was found pulseless and apneic. The ECG shows ventricular tachycardia. After 3 cycles of CPR (6 minutes), there has been no change in the patient's condition. What should you do? Select one: a. Perform synchronized cardioversion b. Administer vasopressin. c. Administer adenosine. d. Administer amiodarone.

What long-acting medication should you administer for status asthmaticus that is refractory to initial medications? Select one: a. Methylprednisolone b. Albuterol c. Epinephrine d. Ipratropium bromide

How does amiodarone work within the cardiac system? Select one: a. Increases intracellular sodium b. Prolongs phase 3 of the cardiac action potential c. Inhibits actin and myosin receptors d. Decreases skeletal muscle electrical excitability

A 56 year old female is pulseless and apneic. After the first cycle of CPR and a defibrillation, her ECG is ventricular tachycardia. What should you administer? Select one: a. Epinephrine 1 mg b. Adenosine 6 mg c. Atropine 1 mg d. Amiodarone 300 mg

A 22 year old female is unresponsive after overdosing on heroin. What medication should you administer? Select one: a. Flumazenil b. Naloxone c. Dextrose d. Glucagon

What is the effect adenosine? Select one: a. Depresses action potential phase 0 b. Slows potassium mediated gates c. Inhibits ATP production d. Slows AV node conduction time

A 29 year old male was stung by a bee. He has severe wheezing, hives and is diaphoretic. Vital signs are BP 90/60, P 120, R 26 and weak. What should you administer? Select one: a. Epinephrine 0.3 mg IM b. Terbutaline 0.25 mg SQ c. Benadryl 50 mg IV d. Decadron 4 mg IV

What is the direct effect of glucagon? Select one: a. Mobilizes glycogen stores b. Signals beta cells to secrete insulin c. Inhibits gluconeogenesis d. Facilitates cellular uptake

What is Albuterol? Select one: a. Vasodilator b. Vasoconstrictor c. Bronchodilator d. Bronchoconstrictor

A 25 year old female is unresponsive in the back of the public bus. Bystanders thought she was sleeping and could not rouse her. Vital signs are BP 108/66, P 56, R 6, blood glucose analysis 86 mg/dL. What should you do administer? Select one: a. Naloxone 1 mg b. Glucagon 1 mg c. Epinephrine 0.3 mg d. Dextrose 25 g

Which sign or symptom should you anticipate after administering magnesium sulfate? Select one: a. Wheezing b. Seizure c. Hypercarbia d. Torsades de pointes

A 34 year old male is unresponsive to verbal stimuli but moans in response to pain. You are unable to obtain IV access. Vital signs are BP 88/50, P 130, R 16, blood glucose analysis 44 mg/dL. What medication should you administer intramuscular? Select one: a. Narcan b. Diphenhydramine c. Glucagon d. Dextrose

What is the effect of sodium bicarbonate? Select one: a. Binds to calcium ions b. Elevates blood pH level c. Decreased blood pH level d. Competes with Sodium channels

What is the effect of diphenhydramine? Select one: a. Smooth muscle relaxant b. Suppresses mucus production c. Blocks white blood cell release through chemically mitigated channels d. Blocks histamine release by competing with H-1 receptors

What medication may help prevent adverse reactions during a pediatric intubation attempt? Select one: a. Xylocaine b. Epinephrine c. Ketamine d. Atropine

What is the generic name for Atrovent? Select one: a. Terbutaline sulfate b. Proparacaine hydrochloride c. Albuterol sulfate d. Ipratropium bromide

An unresponsive 49 year old male is lying on the floor of his barn. His wife tells you that he had been complaining that morning of diarrhea, runny nose and eyes, and "not being able to see straight." He has copious amounts of drool draining from his mouth. Vital signs are BP 98/60, P 42, R 34. What should you administer? Select one: a. Narcan 0.4mg IV b. Glucagon 1 mg IM c. Dopamine drip 10 mcg/kg/min d. Atropine Sulfate 2-5 mg IV

Why is aspirin administered for pre-hospital treatment of chest pain? Select one: a. Vasodilates the coronary arteries b. Prevents platelet aggregation c. Increase thromboxane clotting cascade d. Provides pain relief

An 18 year old male is anxious after having been stung by a bee. He has localized redness and swelling at the sting site. What should you do? Select one: a. Administer 25 mg of diphenhydramine. b. Administer 0.3 mg of epinephrine. c. Raise the affected area above heart level. d. Apply a tourniquet distal to the sting site.

How long, in duration, should you administer adenosine? Select one: a. 20 seconds b. 1-3 minutes c. 5 minutes d. 1-3 seconds

What is the body's initial response to hemorrhage? Select one: a. Catecholamine release b. Vasoconstriction c. Fibrin formation d. Platelet aggregation

A 22 year old male has suffered blunt trauma to the sternum. He is awake and complains of severe chest pain. His ECG reveals a sinus rhythm with frequent multifocal premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) and ST elevation. Vital signs are BP 100/60, P 72, R 24. What is the most likely cause? Select one: a. Myocardial contusion b. Fractured sternum c. Pulmonary contusion d. Pericardial tamponade

A 43 year old male is unresponsive after being kicked in the chest by a horse. On inhalation a segment of his chest moves inward. Vital signs are P 130, R 24 and shallow. What should you do? Select one: a. Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask. b. Stabilize the segment with a bulky dressing. c. Obtain intravascular access. d. Apply high-flow oxygen by non-rebreather mask.

A 39 year old female was stabbed with a broken bottle in her left lower quadrant. Her bowels are protruding from the wound. What should you do? Select one: a. Place her supine with her legs elevated. b. Cover with a dry bulky dressing. c. Apply a moist sterile dressing. d. Push the bowels back into the abdomen.

A 29 year old male has a traumatic amputation of the left arm. Vital signs are BP 66/22, P 128, R 18. At what rate should you administer IV fluids? Select one: a. Until his BP reaches 120/80 b. 20 mL/kg c. Keep open rate (KVO) d. 500 mL

Why are circumferential full thickness burns of an extremity considered so serious? Select one: a. Blood flow to underlying and distal tissue may become restricted. b. Even if the extremity heals, it will lose most of its functional ability. c. The patient becomes more susceptible to systemic infection. d. The extremity will begin to utilize anabolic metabolism proximal to the burn site.

A 16 year old male complains of severe pain in his upper left quadrant after being hit in the stomach while playing football. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Lacerated liver b. Ruptured spleen c. Bruised ribs d. Pulmonary contusion

A 21 year old male has a Le Fort III fracture. What should you be most concerned about? Select one: a. Stabilizing the fractures b. Patency of the upper airway c. Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid d. Loose teeth

An 18 year old male opens his eyes when you talk to him, moans, and reaches for your hand when you pinch his shoulder. What is his GCS score? Select one: a. 11 b. 10 c. 9 d. 8

An altered 24 year old male has an evisceration. In which position should the patient be transported? Select one: a. Supine with knees flexed b. Left lateral c. Trendelenburg d. Reverse Trendelenburg

An unresponsive 31 year old female was found at the bottom of a stairwell. She has blood draining from her ears and nose and dry vomit on her face. Emergency Medical Responders are unsure how long she has been there. Vital signs are BP 202/122, P 54, R 10 and irregular, SpO2 81%. What should you do? Select one: a. Obtain IV access. b. Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask. c. Perform endotracheal intubation. d. Apply high-flow oxygen by non-rebreather mask.

A 46 year old male is only responsive to verbal stimuli after being stabbed. He has an open, bubbling chest wound. What should you do? Select one: a. Cover the wound with a gloved hand. b. Apply sterile gauze over the wound. c. Perform pleural chest decompression. d. Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.

A 25 year old male is unconscious after a car crash. His car struck a tree head-on at highway speeds. He has abdominal guarding upon palpation and bruising around the umbilicus. Vitals signs are BP 50/30, P 120 and weak, R 28. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Bilateral kidney contusions b. Gallbladder rupture c. Abdominal hemorrhage d. Ruptured diaphragm

A 51 year old female has a 4 inch laceration to her right leg. Bright, red blood is rapidly soaking through the initial dressings. What should you do? Select one: a. Administer high-flow oxygen. b. Warm her with a blanket. c. Apply an additional dressing. d. Apply a tourniquet.

A 22 year old female was thrown from a horse. She complains of back pain and dizziness. Her skin is warm and dry. Vital signs are BP 74/50, P 84 and R 20. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Neurogenic shock b. Cerebral contusion c. Hypovolemic shock d. Anterior cord syndrome

A 31 year old male was in a car crash at highway speeds. He has a contusion above his left breast and left lateral torso. Vital signs are BP 90/76, P 118 with diminished heart tones, R 24. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Pulmonary contusion b. Cardiac contusion c. Tension pneumothorax d. Cardiac tamponade

An 18 year old male screams in pain and has a large volume of bright, red blood spurting from his right wrist. What should you do? Select one: a. Apply a tourniquet. b. Apply high-flow oxygen. c. Apply direct pressure. d. Ensure an adequate airway.

What chemical do muscle cells release after being damaged? Select one: a. Sodium b. Magnesium c. Calcium d. Potassium

A 34 year old male has multiple lacerations on his neck and torso after a suspected explosion. His injuries most likely occurred during which phase of the blast? Select one: a. Trajectory b. Tertiary c. Primary d. Secondary

A 20 year old female complains of shortness of breath after being physically assaulted with a tennis racket. She has bruises on the midclavicular line of her chest. Vital signs are BP 120/80, P 80, R 22. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Cardiac contusion b. Simple pneumothorax c. Tension pneumothorax d. Pulmonary embolism

A confused 76 year old female complains of upper leg pain after falling on the sidewalk. She has a mid-shaft femur deformity and crepitus of the pelvis. She has a history of osteoporosis and kyphosis. What should you do? Select one: a. Stabilize her femur with long bone splints. b. Wrap her pelvis in a sheet. c. Stabilize her c-spine and secure her to a long back board. d. Apply a traction splint and administer pain medication.

A 20 year old male was involved in a fight. Bystanders report he was struck in the head and went unconscious. During the primary survey he was awake and complained of head pain. He loses consciousness while you obtain vital signs. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Subdural hematoma b. Concussion c. Alcohol intoxication d. Epidural hematoma

A 45 year old female was stabbed in the upper right chest. Her breath sounds are diminished on the right side. Vital signs are BP 70/48, P 150, R 32 and shallow. What should you do? Select one: a. Perform a needle decompression. b. Initiate rapid transport. c. Apply high-flow oxygen. d. Assist ventilations with a Bag-valve mask.

A 25 year old female has a gunshot wound to the medial aspect of her right thigh. She is disoriented and has profuse bleeding from the wound. What should you do? Select one: a. Apply a tourniquet. b. Apply high-flow oxygen. c. Establish 2 large bore IVs. d. Apply a pressure dressing.

An alert 19 year old female has a midshaft deformity to her right femur. Vital signs are BP 130/78, P 108, R 18. What should you do? Select one: a. Apply a traction splint. b. Move her with a scoop stretcher. c. Immobilize her to a padded back board. d. Stabilize her leg with long bone splints.

A 52 year old male has isolated and patchy third degree burns. Which classification method should you use to determine the percentage of body area burned? Select one: a. The Rule of Nines b. The Lund and Browder Chart c. Composite Burn Index d. The Rule of the Palm

A 42 year old male has circumferential burns on both legs and his genitals. What percent of the body surface area is burned? Select one: a. 45 b. 18 c. 37 d. 29

A 4 year old male has full thickness burns covering his arms, posterior trunk and right leg. What percent of his body surface area is burned? Select one: a. 36 b. 65 c. 50 d. 25

A 27 year old male has burns on his entire anterior chest and to the left upper extremity, circumferentially. What percent of his body surface area is burned? Select one: a. 48 b. 13.5 c. 27 d. 9.5

A 23 year old male has partial thickness burns to his anterior thighs and full thickness burns to his perineum. What percent of his body surface area is burned? Select one: a. 19 b. 13 c. 8 d. 11

A 6 month old male has full thickness burns to his head, right arm, and back. What percent of his body surface area is burned? Select one: a. 27 b. 36 c. 65 d. 45

How does a full thickness burn present? Select one: a. White, waxy and painless b. Dark red with painful blisters c. Mottled white and red areas that are sensitive to cold d. Red, blistered and extremely painful

A 21 year old male tripped and fell into a small campfire. He has burns to his hands, anterior forearms and upper chest. What percent of his body surface area is burned? Select one: a. 21 b. 9 c. 15 d. 27

A 49 year old male has burns on the front of both arms and his entire chest above the costal margin. What percent of the body surface area is burned? Select one: a. 27 b. 9 c. 18 d. 13.5

A 17 year old female has a second degree circumferential burn on her left lower leg and foot. What percent of her body surface area is burned? Select one: a. 21 b. 4 c. 9 d. 18

How does a superficial burn present? Select one: a. Pink or red with little or no swelling b. White or waxy without pain. c. Red with blisters d. Dark red that is sensitive to cold air

A 2 year old female has second degree burns on both palms and third degree burns on her chest and abdomen. What percent of her body surface area is burned? Select one: a. 29 b. 20 c. 18 d. 36

A 5 year old female has circumferential second degree burns reaching up to her knees on both legs. What percent of her body surface area is burned? Select one: a. 9 b. 18 c. 27 d. 13

A 60 year old male was burned in a house fire. He has partial and full thickness burns to the anterior surface of his neck, chest, and abdomen. What percent of his body surface area is burned? Select one: a. 14 b. 3 c. 19 d. 44

A 21 year old male fell asleep by the pool for 5 hours. He has bright red burns on his neck and down to his ankles. What percent of his body surface area is burned? Select one: a. 50 b. 27 c. 45 d. 36

A newborn's hands and feet are blue with a heart rate 120. She has little movement in her hands and crying vigorously. What is her APGAR score? Select one: a. 8 b. 7 c. 6 d. 9

A newborn has a weak cry and is curling his arms and legs. His extremities are blue and his body is pink. He has a pulse of 90 and weak respirations. What is his APGAR score? Select one: a. 7 b. 4 c. 5 d. 8

A newborn has a strong cry and is actively moving his blue extremities when stimulated. Vital signs are P 140, R 48. What is his APGAR score? Select one: a. 9 b. 10 c. 6 d. 5

One minute after birth, a newborn is actively crying in response to your bulb syringe. His body is pink, and he is moving his extremities which are blue. His heart rate is 110. What is his APGAR score? Select one: a. 8 b. 6 c. 7 d. 9

A newborn baby's body is pink, but his hands and feet are blue. Vital signs are P 98 and R rapid and irregular. He cries when stimulated and straightens his legs. What is his APGAR score? Select one: a. 6 b. 8 c. 9 d. 7

You are assessing the one-minute APGAR score for a newborn. She is pink all over and has a pulse of 130. As you dry her off she begins to cry vigorously and kick her legs. What is her APGAR score? Select one: a. 8 b. 10 c. 7 d. 9

What is a typical one-minute APGAR score for a newborn? Select one: a. 7-9 b. 6-8 c. 8-10 d. 5-7

After assisting in the delivery of a newborn, he is pale and limp, has a slow heart beat but shows some respiratory effort. What is his APGAR score? Select one: a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 0

A newborn has a blue torso with pale extremities. She grimaces in response to stimuli and has limited muscle movement. Vital signs are P 88, R 30. What is her APGAR score? Select one: a. 4 b. 9 c. 8 d. 6

Starting at which number on the APGAR score should you need to start resuscitation efforts? Select one: a. 8 b. 7 c. 6 d. 5

A newborn has a pink torso but blue hands and feet. Her pulse rate of 60 and does not respond to your attempts to stimulate her. She also appears to be limp and taking slow, gasping breaths. What is her APGAR score? Select one: a. 5 b. 2 c. 1 d. 3

A newborn has central cyanosis and limp. He has no respiratory effort and a pulse of 92. What is his APGAR score? Select one: a. 1 b. 3 c. 2 d. 5

What should you do immediately after the delivery of a newborn's head? Select one: a. Dry off the exposed part of the infant. b. Calculate an APGAR score. c. Suction the mouth then the nose. d. Guide the shoulders downward.

A 14 year old female was hit by a car while riding her bicycle. She has an open femur fracture and a depression at her left occipital region. Vital signs are P 120 faint, R 6 with snoring. What should you do? Select one: a. Perform endotracheal intubation. b. Insert an oropharyngeal airway. c. Tightly apply a c-collar. d. Splint the femur fracture.

During the delivery of a newborn, the head of the baby emerges but the amniotic sac is still intact. What should you do? Select one: a. Delay further progress of the delivery. b. Cut the sac with a scalpel. c. Allow the delivery to continue. d. Use your fingers to tear open the sac.

A 4 year old male is unresponsive with shallow breathing. Vital signs are BP 72/44, P 152, R 14, blood glucose analysis is 38 mg/dL. What should you do? Select one: a. Administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask and 1 tube of oral glucose. b. Perform endotracheal intubation and administer 1 mg of glucagon IM. c. Assist ventilations and transport immediately to the hospital. d. Assist ventilations and administer 1 g/kg of 25 g dextrose IV.

A 14 year old female spilled a pot of boiling water on her hands and feet. She has circumferential partial thickness burns to her hands and feet. What should you do? Select one: a. Wrap each of her fingers individually with moist dressings. b. Administer an analgesic and initiate transport. c. Administer midazolam to keep her calm. d. Apply dry sterile dressings and transport to a burn center.

An unresponsive 6 year old male at a day care center has a completely obstructed airway. The staff has been attempting to perform ventilations, but they have been unable to get air into his lungs. What should you do? Select one: a. Perform a blind finger sweep. b. Start chest compressions. c. Increase the force of ventilations. d. Initiate firm back blows.

An 8 year old female complains of a "fast heart beat." She had surgery for a patent foramen ovale at birth and cardiac ablation 2 years ago. She weighs 54 lbs. Vital signs are BP 106/54, P 190 with a narrow QRS, R 38. What should you do? Select one: a. Have her blow through a straw. b. Administer 3.5 mg of adenosine. c. Perform synchronized cardioversion. d. Search for other causes.

What is the most likely cause of lower airway obstruction in a pediatric patient? Select one: a. Asthma b. Tongue c. Epiglottitis d. Croup

A 16 year old male was hit in the chest with a baseball and immediately collapsed. He is apneic and pulseless. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Myocardial contusion b. Commotio cordis c. Cardiac tamponade d. Tension pneumothorax

A 2 year old male is in cardiac arrest. He weighs 33 pounds. What is the amount of joules at which you should defibrillate? Select one: a. 30 b. 200 c. 66 d. 120

A 3 month old female has a 3 day history of diarrhea. She makes good eye contact with you and cries as you approach. Vital signs are P 188, R 40, capillary refill 5 seconds. Which stage of shock should you suspect? Select one: a. Irreversible b. Neurogenic c. Decompensated d. Compensated

A febrile 3 year old male becomes irritable and starts crying during your primary survey. What should you do to obtain an accurate assessment? Select one: a. Carefully restrain the child and continue your assessment. b. Limit your assessment to a visual inspection of the child. c. Encourage a caregiver to hold the child. d. Ask any bystanders to leave the room.

A 14 year old male complains of severe abdominal pain around the umbilicus. He has a low-grade fever and is unable to sit upright. Vital signs are BP 92/40, P 112, R 18, SpO2 98%. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Appendicitis b. Cardiac ischemia c. Cholecystitis d. Renal calculi

A male newborn's 5 minute APGAR score shows central cyanosis, tachycardia and tachypnea. He is crying with vigorous extremity movement. What should you do? Select one: a. Administer a normal saline bolus. b. Provide tactile stimulation. c. Administer blow-by oxygen. d. Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.

A 4 year old male has a high fever, dyspnea, and excessive drooling. He is comfortable sitting upright. What should you suspect? Select one: a. FBAO b. Epiglottitis c. Asthma d. Pneumonia

What is the criteria for supraventricular tachycardia in a pediatric patient? Select one: a. Pulse greater than 100 with a QRS complex less than 0.10 seconds wide b. Pulse greater than 220/minute in infants c. Pulse greater than 150 in toddlers d. Pulse greater than 150 in all age groups

A newborn male was just delivered. He is apneic and shows no extremity movement. The amniotic fluid was stained with meconium and you note greenish fluid in his mouth. What should you do? Select one: a. Administer blow-by oxygen. b. Dry and warm the infant. c. Provide positive pressure ventilations. d. Suction the trachea.

A 2 year old female is in cardiac arrest. What should you do? Select one: a. Administer 1 mg/kg amiodarone. b. Defibrillate twice and administer atropine. c. Defibrillate at 4 joules per kilogram. d. Administer 0.01 mg/kg epinephrine.

A 4 year old male was intubated and is now bradycardic. Vital signs are BP 56/22, P 54, R assisted. He weighs 53 lbs. What should you administer? Select one: a. Ketamine 6 mg b. Atropine 0.48 mg c. Dextrose 12.5 g d. Epinephrine 0.24 mg

An 11 year old male is short of breath and has intercostal retractions. His ability to breathe is decreasing despite nebulizer treatment. He is tired and becomes less responsive. What should you do? Select one: a. Apply a 3 lead ECG and continue nebulizer treatment. b. Continue nebulizers and administer IM epinephrine. c. Assist ventilations with oxygen by bag-valve mask. d. Transport non-emergently in full Fowler's position.

A 12 year old male was hit by a car while riding his bike. He is in a prone position with weak respiratory efforts. After rolling him on his back he becomes apneic. What should you do? Select one: a. Perform a jaw thrust. b. Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask. c. Place padding under his torso. d. Perform orotracheal suctioning.

An 8 year old male complains of diffuse abdominal pain. He is bent over in pain and crying. His mother tells you that is started 3 hours ago. What should you do? Select one: a. Rely solely on the parent for information. b. Refrain from taking a blood pressure. c. Use a toe-to-head assessment approach. d. Talk to the child, not just the caregiver.

A 6 year old female was exposed to an allergen. Vital signs are BP 40/0, P 150, R 36 with wheezing. She weighs 50 lbs. What should you administer? Select one: a. 3 mg/kg methylprednisolone b. 2.2 mL of 1:10,000 epinephrine c. 0.15 mg of 1:1,000 epinephrine d. 50 mg diphenhydramine

A 4 year old male complains of sore throat and headache. His mom tells you that she has been unable to control his fever for the last 2 days. What can his prolonged fever cause? Select one: a. Epiglottitis b. Croup c. Infection d. Dehydration

An unresponsive newborn has a pulse of 82 beats per minute. What should you do? Select one: a. Establish intraosseous access. b. Administer blow-by oxygen. c. Assist ventilations with a BVM. d. Obtain a blood pressure.

At what heart rate should you start chest compressions on a newborn? Select one: a. 120 b. 80 c. 60 d. 100

An 18 month old girl has narrow complex tachycardia at a rate of 170. She presents with pale, clammy skin and decreased mental status. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Wolff-Parkinson-White b. Ventricular tachycardia c. SVT d. Sinus tachycardia

An alert 2 year old female has a low-grade fever, difficulty breathing, and a stridorous cough with mild sternal retractions. The cough has gotten progressively worse over the 3 days. What should you do? Select one: a. Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask. b. Administer an albuterol nebulizer. c. Administer racemic epinephrine. d. Obtain IV access.

A 13 year old female crashed her bicycle. She has an obvious deformity in her left forearm. Her arm is pulseless and cold. What should you do? Select one: a. Attempt once to realign the extremity. b. Stabilize the elbow and fracture site. c. Stabilize the wrist. d. Apply traction to the extremity.

A 2 year old female sustains blunt force trauma to her abdomen and presents with labored, tachypneic respirations, tachycardia, and a sunken abdomen. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Gastric rupture b. Diaphragmatic herniation c. Liver laceration d. Tension pneumothorax

A 28 year old female with a closed head injury moans and bends her arms towards her chest. She points her toes forward when you attempt to splint upper extremity fracture. What is her GCS score? Select one: a. 4 b. 7 c. 6 d. 5

A 17 year old male overdosed on narcotics. He looks around with an unfocused gaze, mumbles when you ask him questions, and pulls away from painful stimulus. What is his GCS score? Select one: a. 8 b. 7 c. 10 d. 9

A 64 year old male looks at you when you speak to him. When you ask him the date, he says, "Blue." He has left-sided weakness when he grips your fingers. What is his GCS score? Select one: a. 14 b. 13 c. 15 d. 12

A 21 year old male is extremely intoxicated. When you attempt to insert a nasal airway he slaps your hand away, curses at you, and then sits up. When you remove the airway, he lies back down on the stretcher. What is his GCS score? Select one: a. 11 b. 8 c. 10 d. 9

A 30 year old male was found on the sidewalk outside a homeless shelter. When you apply painful stimuli, he opens his eyes, tells you to go away, and then pushes your hand away. What is his GCS score? Select one: a. 10 b. 8 c. 12 d. 15

A 24 year old female overdosed on an unknown substance. She is staring off into space, writhing, and babbling. When you apply painful stimulus, she cries out incomprehensibly but does not pull away. What is her GCS score? Select one: a. 8 b. 10 c. 7 d. 9

An 85 year old male in a nursing home is walking around his room and greets you when you enter. He speaks clearly but his answers are confusing and rambling. What is his GCS score? Select one: a. 13 b. 12 c. 14 d. 15

A 6 year old male fell 6 feet from a tree. He is awake and has the ability to move all of his extremities. When you ask what happened, he tells you that he "fell" and then begins to tell you about his pet dog. What is his GCS score? Select one: a. 13 b. 15 c. 11 d. 9

An 81 year old male is pulseless and apneic. He is lying supine in bed with dried blood in his nose and ears. What is his GCS score? Select one: a. 6 b. 3 c. 5 d. 4

A 37 year old female is intoxicated and fractured her leg. When you apply a splint, she looks at you and withdraws her leg then grunts in pain. What is her GCS score? Select one: a. 11 b. 6 c. 8 d. 10

A 44 year old female fell off a roof. She answers your commands with incomprehensible sounds. When you pinch her trapezius, her eyes do not open but she moves her legs. What is her GCS score? Select one: a. 6 b. 8 c. 5 d. 7

A 56 year old male is supine in bed. He wife found him unconscious after she woke up. He does not respond to verbal or painful stimulus and has decorticate posturing. What is his GCS score? Select one: a. 5 b. 3 c. 6 d. 7

A 31 year old female fell 20 feet while rock climbing. When you apply a sternal rub, she extends her arms and legs, but shows no other response. What is her GCS score? Select one: a. 7 b. 5 c. 6 d. 4

A 28 year old female is in active labor. The umbilical cord is protruding from the vagina. What should you do? Select one: a. Clamp and cut the cord. b. Ask her to stop trying to push. c. Push cord back into vaginal opening. d. Insert a gloved hand into the vagina.

A 31 year old female is having an eclamptic seizure. What should you administer? Select one: a. Ketamine 5 mg/kg b. Magnesium sulfate 2 g c. Midazolam hydrochloride 10 mg d. Etomidate 20 mg

A 21 year old female was sexually assaulted. She has blood on arms and bite marks on her hands. She requests to go to the bathroom to wash the blood off. What should you do? Select one: a. Ask her to explain the details of the rape. b. Comfort her and wrap her in a blanket. c. Allow her to clean herself. d. Let her change her clothes and place them in a plastic bag.

A 26 year old female is in her second trimester. Today she woke up with chest pain and difficulty breathing. She is able to point to a spot where the chest pain increases on inspiration. Lung sounds are clear and she has developed a non-productive cough. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Myocardial infarction b. Diaphragmatic spasm c. Pulmonary embolism d. Simple pneumothorax

A 19 year old female complains of lower abdominal pain with purulent vaginal discharge. She has had a fever for 2 days accompanied with general malaise. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Pelvic inflammatory disease b. Appendicitis c. Cholecystitis d. Chlamydia trachomatis

A 41 year old female complains of headache, dark spots in her vision, and upper right quadrant pain. She is in her third trimester of pregnancy. Vital signs are BP 162/100, P 110, R 20. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Placental abruption b. Eclampsia c. Uterine rupture d. Preeclampsia

When should you suction the infant's mouth and nose? Select one: a. After the newborn has been fully delivered b. After the head and shoulders have been delivered c. After clamping the cord and drying the newborn d. When they are lethargic and meconium staining is present

A 29 year old female is 33 weeks pregnant. She complains of strong contractions and a foot is presenting. What should you do? Select one: a. Place her on her left side, have her breathe through contractions and transport rapidly. b. Pull gently on the leg until the second leg is delivered then advise her to push. c. Reach in with a gloved hand and help deliver the second leg and advise her not to push. d. Push the leg back in and then advise her to push with contractions.

A 22 year old female complains of general weakness with persistent nausea and vomiting. This is the first trimester and her first pregnancy. Vital signs are BP 94/52 P 104, R 18, blood glucose analysis 64 mg/dL. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Hyperemesis gravidarum b. Spontaneous abortion c. Pre eclampsia d. Gestational diabetes

A 19 year old female is 37 weeks pregnant. Her boyfriend assaulted her with a pool cue and she complains of vaginal bleeding. Her abdomen is extremely tender with periumbilical ecchymosis. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Uterine rupture b. Therapeutic abortion c. Placental abruption d. Placenta previa

What is a fluid filled sac that forms inside an ovary? Select one: a. Ovarian cyst b. Endometriosis c. Pelvic inflammatory disease d. Ectopic pregnancy

A 25 year old female is gravid 5 para 4. She is sitting in a bathtub and has the urge to push. Her due date is tomorrow. She tells you that her water broke and the fluid was green. What should you do? Select one: a. Prepare for delivery. b. Listen for fetal heart tones. c. Place mom in knee-chest. d. Establish IV access.

A 23 year old female had a "normal home delivery" yesterday. Today she is anxious and has significant vaginal bleeding. She is pale with cool, moist skin. Vital signs are BP 90/70, P 110, R 22. What should you do? Select one: a. Apply high-flow oxygen, perform a cervical exam and transport routine. b. Apply high-flow oxygen and transport rapidly while obtaining IV access. c. Obtain IV access, assist her ventilations and transport routine. d. Pack the vagina with sterile dressings and transport rapidly.

While delivering a newborn, you notice the umbilical cord is loosely wrapped around the neck. What should you do? Select one: a. Clamp the cord in two places and cut between the cord. b. Place the mother in Trendelenburg. c. Apply pressure on the head to prevent it from delivering any further. d. Attempt to slide the cord over the head.

How does placenta previa typically present? Select one: a. Hypertension with pedal edema and blurred vision. b. Tearing pain and dark red bleeding. c. Radiating abdominal pain and slight bleeding. d. Painless bright red bleeding.

A 35 year old female complains of an acute onset of pain to her left lower abdominal quadrant. She tells you that the pain moves around to her back and that she has dark, red vaginal bleeding. Vital signs are BP 86/44, P 128, R 24. What should you do? Select one: a. Obtain IV access and administer a fluid bolus. b. Pack the vaginal opening with sterile dressing. c. Obtain a detailed history and a list of her current medications. d. Apply a trauma dressing over the vaginal opening.

A 41 year old female suddenly complains of acute abdominal pain, chest pain, and dizziness after giving birth to a healthy baby. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Acute myocardial infarction b. Pulmonary embolism c. Prolapsed uterus d. Eclampsia

What is a sign or symptom of preeclampsia? Select one: a. Peripheral vasodilation b. Seizures c. Hypertension d. Gestational diabetes

What is the most important question to ask when obtaining a patient history from a pregnant patient who is having contractions in her third trimester? Select one: a. Is this your first pregnancy? b. Do you have gestational diabetes? c. Have you ever had a sexually transmitted disease? d. Do you have any specific current complaints?

A 25 year old female had a syncopal episode. She complains of sharp pain to the lower left quadrant of her abdomen. Vital signs are BP 86/40, P 100, R 20. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Pyelonephritis b. Hyperemesis gravidarum c. Ectopic pregnancy d. Appendicitis

A 24 year old female complains of abdominal cramping with vaginal bleeding. She is 8 weeks pregnant. What should you suspect? Select one: a. Spontaneous abortion b. Endometriosis c. Dysmenorrhea d. Abruptio placenta

A 40 year old female is gravida 3 para 2 and 37 weeks gestation. She complains of a sudden onset of painful vaginal bleeding. Vital signs are BP 102/60, P 100, R 24. What should you do? Select one: a. Determine percentage of blood loss. b. Perform a cervical exam. c. Apply high-flow oxygen by non-rebreather mask. d. Obtain IV access and administer a fluid bolus.

You have just assisted in delivery of a newborn girl. She has a strong cry and has peripheral cyanosis. What should you do? Select one: a. Document the infant's APGAR score. b. Administer 100% oxygen by non-rebreather mask. c. Assess the mother for perineal tearing. d. Dry the her vigorously with a towel.

A 36 year old female attempted to have an at home birth. Her midwife called EMS because she has been in labor for 26 hours. The baby's buttocks is presenting and the fetus has not descended. What should you do? Select one: a. Perform a perineum massage b. Assess for a prolapsed cord. c. Administer 10 u of Pitocin. d. Attempt to turn the baby around.

A 22 year old female is supine in bed and complains of abdominal pain that radiates to her right flank. The pain started 4 days ago but now it is "unbearable." She is febrile and jaundiced. Vital signs are BP 84/50, P 124, R 22 and labored. What should you do? Select one: a. Obtain an orthostatic blood pressure. b. Apply CPAP. c. Apply ETCO2. d. Obtain IV access.

What is your legal right to function as a Paramedic contingent upon? Select one: a. Acquiring medical direction b. Acting in an ethical manner c. Maintaining malpractice insurance d. Mastery of the necessary skills

A 49 year old male was stabbed. He is unable to describe the events leading up to your arrival. You need to speak loudly and repeat yourself in order for him to respond to your questioning. How should you document his mental status? Select one: a. Alert but disoriented b. Lethargic to respond c. Alert d. Responsive to verbal stimulus

What color has the highest treatment priority for an MCI? Select one: a. Red b. Black c. Yellow d. Green

Using the START triage system, what is the first patient triage technique? Select one: a. Ask the patient to tell you his name. b. See if the patient can follow a detailed commands. c. See if the patient has spontaneous breathing. d. Ask the patient to walk.

A 71 year old male collapsed and is unconscious on his living room floor. His son called 911 immediately. How should you obtain immediate pertinent information? Select one: a. Review the labels on medication bottles. b. Ask his son to provide a written medication list. c. Ask his son to give specifics about what happened. d. Perform a detailed physical exam.

What should you do when lifting a stretcher? Select one: a. Use an extra person on the heavier side. b. Bend at the waist. c. Use an even number of people. d. Stand with your feet close together.

An 88 year old female is apneic and pulseless. She has a significant medical history with chronic medical problems. Her daughter produces a document drawn up months earlier that outlines the type of treatment the patient would consent to. What type of document does the daughter most likely have? Select one: a. Health care power of attorney b. Full power of attorney form c. Do Not Resuscitate order d. Good Samaritan proclamation

What is the minimum area (in feet) recommended for a helicopter landing? Select one: a. 75 x 75 b. 40 x 40 c. 25 x 25 d. 100 x 100

Where should you stage resources at a hazardous materials scene? Select one: a. Uphill and upwind b. Uphill and downwind c. Across the street from the incident d. At least 1 mile away

A 42 year old female was battered and assaulted. During your assessment her husband walks up to you and yells, "I am not paying for you to treat her and you need to leave." What should you do? Select one: a. Leave the scene and contact law enforcement. b. Conclude your assessment and contact protective services. c. Calmly explain to him that he is acting inappropriately. d. Try to ignore him and complete your assessment.

What disease does an N-95 mask protect against? Select one: a. HIV b. Meningitis c. Mononucleosis d. Tuberculosis

Which patient has the right to refuse care? Select one: a. An 18 year old who is caring for her newborn. b. A 72 year old nursing home patient with advanced dementia. c. A 5 year old who is being cared for by his 15 year old sister. d. A semi-conscious 55 year old who is ventilator dependent.

A 39 year old male was ejected in a roll over car crash. He is unresponsive with decerebrate posturing. Vital signs are BP 220/114, P 54, R assisted. What should you do? Select one: a. Transport to a local hospital 5 minutes away. b. Transport to a local clinic 2 minutes away. c. Transport to a trauma center 10 minutes away. d. Request air medical support that's 20 minutes away.

At an MCI, a 6 year old male is unresponsive. His vital signs are P 150, R 30. What color triage tag should he receive? Select one: a. Red b. Black c. Green d. Yellow

What type of communication system allows for simultaneous radio and data transfer? Select one: a. Simplex b. Multiplex c. Duplex d. Trunked

While assessing a patient you inform him that you need to take a blood pressure. He sticks out his arm. How is this best described? Select one: a. Expressed consent b. Patient-paramedic relationship c. Informed consent d. Implied consent

What law is broken if you tell your coworkers patient information unrelated to the patient's treatment? Select one: a. Criminal law b. Defamation c. HIPAA d. Good Samaritan

What is the definition of a chief complaint? Select one: a. Your observations of the scene and the patient b. Why the patient called EMS c. The findings of your primary assessment d. What the family explains to you

A 19 year old female is anxious and tachycardic after receiving an albuterol nebulizer treatment. What should you do? Select one: a. Discontinue the nebulizer and place her on oxygen. b. Tell her this is an expected side effect of the albuterol. c. Sedate her and use paralytics to intubate her. d. Ask her if she has any allergies to latex.

How should you dispose of blood-soaked contaminated waste? Select one: a. Cardboard box sealed with duct tape b. Normal garbage bag into the trash c. Red biohazard bag with a seal d. The emergency department garbage

What is the preferred carrying device for moving a patient who is found in a stairwell with non-traumatic injuries? Select one: a. Stokes basket b. Stair chair c. Wheeled stretcher d. Basket stretcher

What is a benefit of the Incident Command System? Select one: a. The flexible structure can be used for various incidents. b. It is most effective for large-scale incidents. c. Rigid and direct oversight increases accountability. d. Responsibility is removed from state and local authorities.

A 15 year old female fell from a height of 20 feet. She is alert and oriented but refuses care. Her friend promises that she will take her to the hospital. Vital signs are BP 116/80, P 90, R 20. What should you do? Select one: a. Contact the patient's parent or guardian and obtain consent to treat and transport. b. Encourage the patient to go to the hospital immediately, then carefully document her refusal. c. Transport the patient to the nearest trauma center, using restraints if necessary. d. Request a police escort and transport the patient to the nearest community hospital.

An unresponsive 20 year old female is slumped across the steering wheel. She was the unrestrained driver of a roll-over car crash. She has an avulsion on her forehead that is bleeding into her airway. Vital signs are P 48, R 6 and shallow. What should you do? Select one: a. Place her in an upright position and suction her airway. b. Apply oxygen by non-rebreather mask. c. Position the airway using a head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver. d. Rapidly extricate her from the vehicle.

What type of patient care is based on the principle of "customer satisfaction?" Select one: a. Audit and review b. Quality improvement c. Quality assurance d. Citizen polling