CHP 31: BLEEDING Flashcards
(30 cards)
right side of the heart pumps blood to where
left side of heart pumps blood to where
right: lungs
left: body
circulatory system requires what three components to keep blood moving
pump (heart), pipes (blood vessels), fluid (blood)
what is preload
amount of blood returned to heart to be pumped out
what is afterload
pressure in aorta against which the left ventricle must pump blood
what is stroke volume
amount of blood pumped per contraction
what is cardiac output
amount of blood pumped in 1 minute
equation for cardiac output
CO = SV x HR
what is ejection fraction
heart pumps same percentage of blood returned
what is the Frank-Starling mechanism
venous return stretches ventricles which increases cardiac contractility
plasma makes up __% of blood
RBCs make up ___% of blood
55
45
what in the blood is responsible for blood clotting
platelets
what is perfusion
circulation of blood within organ or tissue to meet cell’s needs for oxygen, nutrients, and waste removal
what is hemostasis
platelets aggregate at site, sealing injured portions of vessel
3 steps of hemostasis
vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, fibrinogen weaving into clot and forming fibrin
what is hemophilia
lacking one or more blood clotting factors
what is shock
insufficient perfusion of organs and tissues
shock from inadequate blood volume
hypovolemic shock
two types of hypovolemic shock
hemorrhagic: internal/external bleeding
non-hemorrhagic: dehydration from vomiting, diarrhea, sweating
how to tell difference between decompensated and compensated shock in field
blood pressure
what medications interfere with body’s ability to compensate for shock
beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, antidysrhythmics, and nitro
what is a mass of blood in soft tissues beneath skin
hematoma
what is hematemesis
vomited blood
what is hemoptysis
coughed up blood
what is melena
black, tarry stool indicating lower GI bleed
