CHP 27: INFECTIOUS DISEASES Flashcards
(130 cards)
1
Q
what is the Ryan White CARE Act
A
law requiring medical facilities to notify EMS personnel of airborne diseases diagnosed in transported pts ASAP or within 48 hrs
2
Q
endemic, epidemic, and pandemic
A
endemic: disease remaining steady in geographic area
epidemic: rising caseload
pandemic: large number of people worldwide
3
Q
what is virulence
A
organism’s ability to invade and create disease in a host
4
Q
what is host resistance
A
your ability to fight off infection
5
Q
bacteria vs viruses
A
bacteria: grow/reproduce outside human
viruses: smaller than bacteria, only multiply inside host
6
Q
what is the incubation period
A
period between exposure to organism and first illness symptoms
7
Q
what is communicable period
A
period when person can transmit illness to someone else
8
Q
what does the respiratory tract secrete to destroy bacteria
A
lysozymes
9
Q
what lines the GI tract to protect against bacteria and what do they secrete
A
goblet cells
highly acidic and alkaline secretions
10
Q
what is sepsis
A
body’s overreaction to an infection or virus which can progress to shock
11
Q
S/S of sepsis
A
shivering, fever, extreme pain, clammy/discolored skin, confusion, SOB, tachycardia
12
Q
what is the sepsis assessment qSOFA
A
1 - resp rate greater than 22
2 - altered mentation GCS <15
3 - systolic BP <100
each is one point, 2 or more is associated with poor outcomes
13
Q
how much fluid to deliver for sepsis-induced hypoperfusion
A
30mL/kg IV in first 3 hrs
14
Q
what is meningitis and its two types
A
inflammation of meninges (membranes covering brain and spinal cord) - bacterial and viral
15
Q
which form of meningitis is communicable and how is it transmitted
A
bacterial - droplets
16
Q
most severe type of meningitis
A
meningococcal meningitis
17
Q
incubation period for meningococcal meningitis
A
2-10 days
18
Q
S/S of meningitis
A
sudden onset fever, severe headache, stiff neck, photosensitivity, pink rash, AMS, vomiting, Kernig sign, Brudzinski sign
19
Q
what is Kernig sign
A
pt can’t extend leg at knee when thigh is flexed
20
Q
what is Brudzinski sign
A
involuntary flexion of knees when head is flexed toward chest
21
Q
transmission and S/S of influenza
A
droplet-transmitted
systemic fever, shaking chills, headache, muscle pain, malaise, loss of appetite, dry protracted coughing, hoarseness, nasal discharge
22
Q
transmission and S/S of pertussis
A
droplet-transmitted
fever, thick nasal discharge, cough that progresses to coughing spasms, “whooping, vomiting, children develop black eyes from coughing
23
Q
two stages of pertussis and symptoms
A
catarrhal stage: runny nose, sneezing, and low-grade fever
paroxysms stage: coughing attacks
24
Q
transmission and S/S of mumps
A
droplet-transmitted
fever, headache, muscle aches, loss of appetite, swelling of salivary glands
25
complications from mumps
deafness, meningitis, encephalitis, pancreatitis, death
26
another name for mumps
infectious parotitis
27
transmission and S/S of rubella
droplet-transmitted
rash that begins in face and then spreads to rest of body, headache, mild pink eye, swollen/enlarged lymph nodes, cough, runny nose
28
transmission and S/S of Covid-19
droplets and direct contact
fever, cough, SOB, headache, loss of smell/taste, muscle aches, sore throat, chills
29
3 types of tuberculosis and which one is communicable
typical, atypical, extrapulmonary
typical
30
TB infection vs TB disease
TB infection: (latent) TB exposure but not active disease, not contagious
TB disease: active disease
31
transmission and S/S of tuberculosis
airborne
persistent cough of more than 3 weeks plus one or more of the following: night sweats, headache, fever, fatigue, extreme weight loss, hemoptysis, hoarseness, or chest pain
32
what is varicella zoster
chickenpox
33
reactivation of latent VZV causes what
shingles
34
where does latent VZV stay in the body
sensory nerve ganglia
35
transmission and S/S of chickenpox
direct contact or inhalation of aerosols from lesions
rash beginning on abdomen that spreads to other parts of body, fever and photosensitivity
36
how to help treat itching from chickenpox
antipruritic agents
37
what is a vector
organism that harbors pathogens that are harmless to the organism but cause disease when transmitted to human host
38
what is pertussis also known as
whooping cough
39
what is rubella also known as
GERMAN measles
40
tuberculosis MDR and XDR
MDR: resistant to two or more first-line meds
XDR: resistant to two first line oral meds and at least one injectable second line medication
41
what is rubeola also known as
measles
42
transmission and S/S of rubeola
coughing/sneezing
fever, conjunctivitis, coryza, coughing, blotchy red rash starting on head, white-gray spots on mouth mucosa
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what are Koplik spots
white-gray spots on mouth mucosa associated with rubeola/measles
44
common complications from rubeola
otitis media, bronchopneumonia, laryngotracheobrochitis, diarrhea
45
what is mononucleosis caused by
Epstein-Barr virus
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what is the Epstein-Barr virus also suspected of causing besides mono
chronic fatigue system
47
transmission and S/S of mononucleosis
saliva
sore throat, fever, secretions from pharynx, swollen lymph glands, malaise, anorexia, headache, rash, muscle pain, enlarged liver or spleen
48
complications from mononucleosis
anemia, dehydration, splenic rupture, seizures, pneumonia
49
transmission and S/S of gonorrhea
sexually transmitted
pus-containing discharge, pain on urination, can progress to PID in women
50
3 ways syphilis can be transmitted
across placenta from mom to fetus, sexually transmitted, or blood transfusion
51
what is a chancre
ulcerative lesion from syphilis
52
symptoms of syphilis
chancres, skin rash, patchy hair loss, swollen lymph glands
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complications of syphilis in tertiary stage
cardiac, ophthalmic, auditory, and CNS complications and lesions of tissues and bone
54
transmission and S/S of genital herpes
type 1 - oral secretions, type 2 - sexually transmitted
type 1 - oral lesions, type 2 - vesicular lesions
55
transmission and S/S of chlamydia
sexually transmitted
inflammation and gray/white urethral discharge
56
complications of chlamydia
women - PID
men - epididymitis, prostatitis, proctitis, proctocolitis
57
transmission and S/S of scabies
skin-to-skin, sexually transmitted, and sharing undergarments, towels, and linens
rash of small, raised red bumps causing intense itching especially at night, may developed sores from scratching rash
58
three types of lice
head, body, pubic
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transmission and S/S of lice
direct contact with infected person or objects
severe itching/irritation, sores, eggs can be seen in hair
60
what causes genital warts
HPV
61
what can HPV cause
cervical, vulvar, and anal cancers
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what happens if HPV is passed onto fetus
fetus can develop laryngeal papillomatosis (throat warts that block the airway)
63
what is chancroid known to facilitate transmission of
HIV
64
S/S of chancroid
painful sores usually in genitals, swollen lymph glands, and inguinal buboes in groin area
65
transmission and S/S of trichomoniasis
parasitic infection sexually transmitted
itching, frequent urination, burning, foul-smelling or pus discharge, spotting
66
what can untreated trichomoniasis cause
low birth weight, premature birth, and increased susceptibility to HIV
67
what is candidiasis
yeast infection
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what is viral hepatitis
inflammation of liver produced by a virus
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what is Hep B also known as and how is it transmitted
serum hepatitis
infectious blood and body fluids, sexually transmitted, blood transfusion, contaminated needles
70
S/S of Hep B
loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, malaise, low-grade fever, abdominal discomfort, joint aches, and later signs: darkened urine, jaundice, and icterus (yellowing of sclera)
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if a smoker have a sudden distaste for cigarettes, what is the probable cause
Hep B
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common routes of transmission of Hep C
needlesticks, sharing needles
73
S/S of Hep C
lack of appetite, nausea and vomiting, low-grade fever, abdominal distress, joint discomfort, dark urine, clay-colored bowel movements, jaundice, general feeling of illness
74
distribution of genotypes of hepatitis D
1: worldwide
2: Taiwan, Japan, northern Asia
3: South America
75
what must happen before pt can be infected with Hep D
must be infected by Hep B
76
transmission and S/S of HIV and AIDS
blood contact, sexually transmitted, blood transfusions
febrile illness, malaise, swollen lymph glands, headache, rash
77
how is HIV transitioned into AIDS
opportunistic infections: cytomegalovirus, Kaposi sarcoma, atypical TB, cryptococcal meningitis
78
what can cytomegalovirus cause
blindness
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what is Kaposi sarcoma
red or purple skin cancers
80
what fungal group are fungal infections commonly caused by
dermatophytes
tinea-
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S/S of fungal infections
scaly rash and itching
82
what is a helminth
parasitic worm
83
S/S of helminths
fatigue, weight loss, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting
84
tinea capitis
head, scalp
85
tinea corporis
body
86
tinea cruris
groin
86
tinea pedis
feet
86
tinea manuum
hands
86
tinea unguium
fingernails/toenails
87
tinea versicolor
trunk
88
common side effects of helminths medications
GI distress, headache, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension
89
transmission and S/S of hookworm
walking barefoot on contaminated soil
itching, localized rash, abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue
90
transmission of pinworm and S/S
fecal-oral route from crowded conditions like schools
itching
91
transmission and S/S of ebola
direct contact, blood, droplet, infected animals
sudden fever onset, intense weakness, muscle pain, headaches, sore throat, diarrhea, vomiting, rash, impaired kidney/liver function, internal/external bleeding
92
what causes most outbreaks of gastroenteritis and food-borne illnesses
norovirus
93
transmission and S/S of norovirus
direct contact, contact with contaminated surfaces, ingestion of food/water contaminated by feces
nausea, forceful vomiting, watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, weakness, low-grade fever
94
transmission and S/S of Hep A
fecal-oral route, contaminated drinking water, milk, sliced meats, and undercooked shellfish
fatigue, loss of appetite, fever, nausea, abdominal pain, smokers lose interest in smoking, jaundice, dark-colored urine, pale, clay-colored stools
95
what is Hep V also referrred to as
enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis
96
transmission of Hep E
fecal-oral
97
most common cause of vector-borne disease
ticks or mosquitoes
98
what are vector-borne diseases also called
zoonotic
99
transmission and S/S of West Nile Virus
mosquito bite
usually no symptoms but can have fever, headache, fatigue, weakness, joint pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and rash
100
transmission and S/S of dengue fever
mosquito bite
high fever, severe headache, severe pain behind eyes, joint pain, muscle/bone pain, rash, mild bleeding
101
transmission and S/S of chikungunya fever
mosquito bite
severe, possibly incapacitating joint pain
102
transmission and S/S of zika virus
mosquito bite
usually asymptomatic, can have fever, rash, joint pain, conjunctivitis, muscle pain, and headache
103
transmission of lyme disease
ticks
104
area and time of year prevalence for Lyme disease
northeast US in June-August
105
3 stages of Lyme disease and its symptoms
1. early localized stage - bull's eye rash (round, red skin lesion) warm to touch and may scab or blister
2. early disseminated stage - secondary lesions, fever, chills, headache, malaise, muscle pain, dry cough, testicular swelling, sore throat, enlarged spleen and lymph nodes
3. late manifestations - arthritis, intermittent joint pain, memory impairment, depression, severe fatigue
106
side effects of untreated Lyme disease
meningoencephalitis, cranial and peripheral neuropathy, pericarditis, myocarditis, and atrioventricular conduction difficulties
107
transmission and S/S of Rocky Mountain Spotted fever
tick-borne
fever, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, muscle pain, rash
108
hantavirus infection is also known as what
hemorrhagic fever with pulmonary syndrome
109
transmission and S/S of hantavirus
direct contact with rodent waste and aerosol inhalation during cleaning up infested areas
stage 1: fever, chills, headaches, muscle aches, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain
stage 2: productive cough, SOB, fluid accumulation within lungs, low BP and cardiac insufficiency
110
transmission and S/S of rabies
bite and saliva from infected animal
fever, chills, sore throat, malaise, headache, weakness, paresthesia (tingling skin) leading into neurologic phase
111
neurologic phase of rabies
hyperactivity, seizures, bizarre behavior, hydrophobia (fear of sight of water and spasms of throat when trying to drink water), paralysis, deteriorating mental status
112
transmission and S/S of MERS-CoV
nasal secretions and urine of camels and contact with infected person
fever, cough, SOB, GI disturbances, nausea, vomiting, reduced level of lymphocytes
113
transmission and S/S of tetanus
puncture wound contaminated with animal feces, street dust, or soil or contaminated street drugs
painful muscle contractions or rigidity in neck, face, jaw, and trunk muscles, abdominal rigidity, dysphagia, hydrophobia, drooling, and respiratory distress
114
what factors increase risk for developing MRSA
antibiotic therapy, prolonged hospital stays, stay in intensive care or burn unit and exposure to infected patient
115
transmission and S/S of MRSA
direct contact
soft-tissue infections like abscesses, empyema, endocarditis
116
people at risk to developing VRSA
multiple underlying health conditions, indwelling catheters, recent hospitalization, recent exposure
117
what is VRSA
vancomycin-resistant S aureus
118
S/S of VRSA
skin abscesses, pneumonia, bloodstream infections, meningitis, osteomyelitis, fever, chills, body weakness, pain, cough, chest pain, trouble breathing
119
cause and S/S of vancomycin-resistant enterococci
health care associated infection of already ill or immunocompromised patient
UTI or bacteremia evolving into sepsis
120
common cause of Cdiff
antibiotics
121
transmission and S/S of C diff
contact with surfaces contaminated with feces
frequent watery, green, foul-smelling diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, fever, loss of appetite, and abdominal discomfort
122
common cause of and what is carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
highly resistant to most antibiotics including carbapenem agents that are used as last resort for treating infections
medical tourism
123
S/S of CRE
fever, UTI, fatigue, chills, sepsis
124
how was SARS created
merger of two viruses, one from mammals and one from birds (bats from Hong Kong)
125
transmission and S/S of SARS
close personal contact
fever over 100.4, headache, discomfort, body aches, after 2-7 days dry cough and can progress to pneumonia
126
transmission and S/S of avian flu
close contact with infected birds
fever, sore throat, cough, muscle aches, eye infections, can progress to pneumonia and respiratory distress
127
