A&P CHAPTER 24: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Question 1

TWO MAJOR DIVISIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Answer 1

ALIMENTARY CANAL AND ACESSORY DIGESTIVE ORGANS

Question 2

ALIMENTARY CANAL

Answer 2

FROM MOUTH TO ANUS (ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, INTESTINES)

Question 3

ACCESSORY ORGANS

Answer 3

SALIVARY GLANDS, LIVER, GALLBLADDER, PANCREAS

Question 4

MUCOSA FUNCTIONS

Answer 4

SECRETE DIGESTIVE ENZYMES, HORMONES, MUCUS
ABSORB FINAL PRODUCTS OF DIGESTION INTO THE BLOOD
PROTECT AGAINST INFECTIONS

Question 5

SUBMUCOSA FUNCTIONS

Answer 5

NOURISHES GI TRACT WALL TISSUES AND CARRIES AWAY ABSORBED MATERIALS
ELASTICITY ALLOWS STOMACH TO RETURN TO NORMAL SHAPE

Question 6

MUSCULARIS EXTERNA

Answer 6

PRODUCES MOVEMENTS OF THE TUBE
SPHINCTERS ACT AS VALVES TO CONTROL PASSAGE OF FOOD AND PREVENT BACKFLOW

Question 7

SEROSA

Answer 7

OUTERMOST LAYER

Question 8

7 FUNCTIONS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Answer 8

INGESTION
PROPULSION
MECHANICAL BREAKDOWN
DIGESTION
SECRETION
ABSORPTION
DEFACATION

Question 9

INGESTION

Answer 9

FOOD ENTERING DIGESTIVE TRACT FROM MOUTH

Question 10

PROPULSION

Answer 10

MOVEMENT OF FOOD
VOLUNTARY: SWALLOWING
INVOLUNTARY: PERISTALSIS

Question 11

MECHANICAL BREAKDOWN

Answer 11

MATERIALS ARE BROKEN INTO SMALLER FRAGMENTS THROUGH: ENZYMES, CHEWING, MIXING MOTIONS OF STOMACH

Question 12

DIGESTION

Answer 12

CHEMICAL BREAKDOWN OF FOOD INTO PARTICLES SMALL ENOUGH TO BE ABSORBED BY EPITHELIUM

Question 13

SECRETION

Answer 13

RELEASE OF SUBSTANCES BY EPITHELIUM

Question 14

ABSORPTION

Answer 14

MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES ACROSS EPITHELIUM OF TRACT INTO INTERSTITIAL FLUID

Question 15

DEFACATION

Answer 15

REMOVAL OF WASTE PRODUCTS

Question 16

ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Answer 16

NERVE SUPPLY IN ALIMENTARY CANAL

Question 17

ENTERIC NEURONS

Answer 17

SEMI-AUTONOMOUS
REGULATE DIGESTIVE ACTIVITIES

Question 18

SHORT REFLEX ARCS

Answer 18

COMPLETELY UNDER ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM PLEXUS CONTROL
RESPOND TO GI TRACT STIMULI
CONTROL SEGMENTATION AND PERISTALSIS

Question 19

LONG REFLEX ARCS

Answer 19

CONTROLLED BY CNS AND AUTONOMIC NERVES FROM GI TRACT STIMULI
HANDLES IMPULSES THAT AFFECT DIGESTION

Question 20

PARASYMPATHETIC IMPULSES ____ DIGESTIVE ACTIVITY AND SYMPATHETIC IMPULSES ___ DIGESTIVE ACTIVITY

Answer 20

INCREASE
DECREASE

Question 21

PAROTID GLANDS

Answer 21

LARGEST SALIVARY GLAND BETWEEN CHEEK AND MASSETER MUSCLE

Question 22

SEROUS VS MUCOUS CELLS IN SALIVARY GLANDS

Answer 22

SEROUS: PRODUCE WATERY FLUID WITH DIGESTIVE ENZYME SALIVARY AMYLASE
MUCOUS: SECRETE THICK MUCUS THAT BINDS FOOD PARTICLES AND LUBRICATES THEM DURING SWALLOWING

Question 23

COMPONENTS OF SALIVA THAT PROTECT MOUTH FROM MICROORGANISMS (3)

Answer 23

IGA ANTIBODIES
LYSOZYMES
DEFENSINS

Question 24

MAIN CONTROLLER OF SALIVATION

Answer 24

PARAYMPATHETIC DIVISION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 25

WHERE ARE SALIVATORY NUCLEI LOCATED

Answer 25

PONS AND MEDULLA OBLONGATA

Question 26

DRY MOUTH IS CALLED

Answer 26

XEROSTOMIA

Question 27

BABY TEETH VS ADULT TEETH

Answer 27

BABY (PRIMARY): DECIDUOUS TEETH ADULT (SECONDARY): PERMANENT TEETH

Question 28

WHAT MAKES UP ENAMEL

Answer 28

CALCIUM SALTS

Question 29

WHAT IS CHEWING CALLED

Answer 29

MASTICATION

Question 30

WHAT IS SWALLOWING CALLED

Answer 30

DEGLUTITION

Question 31

HYDROCHLORIC ACID

Answer 31

PRODUCED BY PARIETAL CELLS OF GASTRIC GLANDS ACIDIC ENVIRONMENT TO CONVERT PEPSINOGEN TO PEPSIN

Question 32

INTRINSIC FACTOR

Answer 32

PRODUCED BY PARIETAL CELLS OF GASTRIC GLANDS AIDS IN ABSORPTION OF VITAMIN B12

Question 33

MUCUS

Answer 33

PRODUCED BY MUCOUS CELLS PROVIDES ALKALINE, VSCOUS PROTECTIVE LAYER ON INSIDE OF STOMACH WALLS

Question 34

PEPSIN

Answer 34

FORMED FROM PEPSINOGEN IN PRESENT OF HCL PROTEIN-SPLITTING ENZYME THAT DIGESTS PROTEIN

Question 35

PEPSINOGEN

Answer 35

PRODUCED BY CHIEF CELLS OF GASTRIC GLANDS INACTIVE FORM OF PEPSIN

Question 36

GASTRIN

Answer 36

VITAL FOR REGULATING STOMACH SECRETION AND MOTILITY INCREASES HCL SECRETION STIMULATES CONTRACTION AND MASS MOVEMENTS IN INTESTINES

Question 37

GASTRIC INHIBITORY PEPTIDE

Answer 37

INHIBITS HCL PRODUCTION STIMULATED INSULIN RELEASE FROM BETA CELLS OF PANCREAS

Question 38

MUCOSAL BARRIER

Answer 38

STOMACH'S SELF PROTECTION AGAINST ACIDIC GASTRIC JUICES

Question 39

WHAT IS PRODUCED FROM DEGRADING FOODS

Answer 39

CHYME

Question 40

ENTEROCYTES

Answer 40

ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS AND ELECTROLYTES WITHIN THE VILLI

Question 41

GOBLET CELLS

Answer 41

SECRETE MUCUS WHEN STIMUALTED BY CHYME

Question 42

ENTEROENDOCRINE CELLS

Answer 42

PRODUCE SECRETIN AND CHOLECYSTOKININ

Question 43

PANETH CELLS

Answer 43

RELEASE DEFENSINS, LYSOZYMES, AND OTHER ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

Question 44

HEPATOCYTES

Answer 44

LIVER CELLS ADJUST CIRCULATING LEVELS OF NUTRIENTS THROUGH SELECTIVE ABSORPTION/SECRETION

Question 45

WHERE IS BILE PRODUCED

Answer 45

LIVER

Question 46

WHAT DOES THE LIVER STORE

Answer 46

IRON, VITAMINS A/D/B12, AND GLYCOGEN

Question 47

BILE

Answer 47

SECRETED FROM HEPATIC CELLS (LIVER) AND EMULSIFIES FATS

Question 48

BILIRUBIN

Answer 48

PRIMARY BILE PIGMENT FROM BREAKDOWN OF RBC'S

Question 49

SECRETIN HORMONE

Answer 49

STIMULATES PANCREAS TO SECRETE FLUID WITH HIGH BICARBONATE IONS

Question 50

CHOLECYSTOKININ HORMONE

Answer 50

CAUSES GASTRIC GLANDS TO DECRETE SECRETIONS AND STOPS GASTRIC MOTILITY

Question 51

VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE

Answer 51

STIMULATES SECRETIONS OF INTESTINAL GLANDS STOPS STOMACH ACID PRODUCTION

Question 52

ENTEROCRININ HORMONE

Answer 52

STIMULATES MUCIN PRODUCTION

Question 53

PANCREATIC AMYLASE DIGESTS ____

Answer 53

CARBS

Question 54

PACREATIC LIPASE DIGEST ___

Answer 54

FATS

Question 55

WHEN GASTRIC JUICE SECRETION IS STIMULATED, WHAT IS ALSO STIMULATED TO RELEASE SOMETHING

Answer 55

PANCREAS RELEASES DIGESTIVE ENZYMES

Question 56

STOMACH PRODUCES ____ ION PANCREAS PRODUCES ___ ION

Answer 56

HCL BICARBONATE