CHP 33: BURNS

Question 1

the eye is more sensitive to what kind of chemical

Answer 1

alkali (basic - higher pH)

Question 2

why do burns cause hypovolemic shock

Answer 2

fluid loss from damaged skin and volume shifts within body

Question 3

thermal burns occur when skin is exposed to what temp or higher

Answer 3

118

Question 4

what state of matter causes more significant burns

Answer 4

solids over gases

Question 5

what type of burns do lightning strikes cause

Answer 5

flash burn

Question 6

zone of coagulation

Answer 6

area that sustains most damage, little to no blood flow

Question 7

zone of stasis

Answer 7

peripheral area surrounding zone of coagulation that has decreased blood flow and inflammation

Question 8

zone of hyperemia

Answer 8

area least effected by thermal injury

Question 9

superficial burn

Answer 9

1st degree - epidermis only, skin is red and swollen

Question 10

partial-thickness burn

Answer 10

2nd degree - epidermis and dermis - blisters and moisture present

Question 11

full-thickness burn

Answer 11

3rd degree - destroys epidermis and dermis - no pain

Question 12

subdermal burns

Answer 12

4, 5, and 6th degree - all layers of skin damaged and layers of fat, muscle, bone, or internal organs

Question 13

infraglottic and lower airway damage is associated with ___ and supraglottic airway damage is associated with ______

Answer 13

steam

superheated gases

Question 14

treatment for airway burns

Answer 14

humidified oxygen and nebulized epi

Question 15

what toxic gas is present in fires

Answer 15

hydrogen cyanide

Question 16

what does hydrogen cyanide smell like

Answer 16

bitter almonds

Question 17

how much easier does CO bind to hemoglobin than oxygen

Answer 17

250x

Question 18

what is an escharotomy

Answer 18

surgical cut through burned tissues to allow for swelling

Question 19

what burns to include in TBSA

Answer 19

partial and full-thickness burns (not superficial ones)

Question 20

rule of 9’s for adult

Answer 20

head: 9
back: 18
chest: 18
arms: 9 each
legs: 18 each
genitals: 1

Question 21

rule of 9’s for infant

Answer 21

head: 18
back: 18
chest: 18
arms: 9 each
legs: 13.5 each
genitals: 1

Question 22

rule of 9’s for child

Answer 22

head: 12
back: 18
chest: 18
arms: 9 each
legs: 16.5 each
genitals: 1

Question 23

major burn criteria

Answer 23

hands/feet, face, circumferential burns
full-thickness covering more than 10% of TBSA
partial-thickness burns covering 25% of TBSA between 10-50 years old and 20% under 10 years or over 50 years
inhalation burns
electrical or chemical burns

Question 24

Parkland formula

Answer 24

4mL x body weight (kg) x %TBSA burned

give one half of that amount in first 8 hours and other half over next 16 hours

Question 25

1% TBSA equals how long of inpatient treatment

Answer 25

1 day

Question 26

what type of injury do acid chemicals create

Answer 26

coagulation necrosis

Question 27

what type of injury do bases and alkalis create

Answer 27

liquefaction necrosis

Question 28

what type of injury do vesicants create

Answer 28

blister agents

Question 29

what to do with powder chemical exposure

Answer 29

brush off, do NOT use water

Question 30

treatment for sodium metal contact

Answer 30

cover will oil

Question 31

treatment for hydrofluoric acid exposure

Answer 31

calcium gluconate topical gel

Question 32

highly water soluble vs slightly water soluble irritant gases effects

Answer 32

high: immediate slightly: hours or days later

Question 33

management for inhaled gases

Answer 33

O2 and nebbed beta agonists

Question 34

low vs high voltage patterns in body

Answer 34

low: path of least resistance along blood vessels and muscles high: shortest path

Question 35

what type of current is most likely to induce vfib

Answer 35

alternating

Question 36

what is alternating current so dangerous

Answer 36

causes muscle contractions, causing patient to freeze to electrocution source

Question 37

at what milliamps is cardiac arrest and death probable

Answer 37

10,000

Question 38

at what milliamps does the patient "freeze"

Answer 38

9-30

Question 39

what is Ohm's law

Answer 39

current = voltage / resistance

Question 40

what is Joule's law

Answer 40

one joule is generated when 1 amp flows through 1 ohm of resistance for 1 second

Question 41

what's the amp that can provoke vfib

Answer 41

0.1 amp from hand to hand

Question 42

how many amps does a taser produce

Answer 42

3 milliamps

Question 43

what type of electricity does lightning carry

Answer 43

30,000 amps of direct current

Question 44

what stops alpha particles

Answer 44

skin

Question 45

what stops beta particles

Answer 45

clothing

Question 46

what stops gamma radiation

Answer 46

several inches of lead or concrete

Question 47

what is ARS

Answer 47

acute radiation syndrome - exposed to very high levels of radiation for brief period

Question 48

what is a predictor of poor outcomes with radiation sickness

Answer 48

onset of vomiting soon after exposure

Question 49

a burn and radiation affecting more than what percent of TBSA should affect your triage decisions

Answer 49

30

Question 50

what drug protects thyroid against radioactive isotopes and how soon must it be given

Answer 50

potassium iodide within 6 hours of exposure

Question 51

what is the inverse square law

Answer 51

exposure drops as distance from source increases