Chapter 1 Cells- Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards

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0
Q

Definition of cell wall?

A

Rigid outer layer made of peptidoglycan–> maintains shape and protects cell from damage or bursting

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1
Q

Draw and label a prokaryotic cell

A

Do it martha.

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2
Q

What does cell/plasma membrane definition?

A

Semi-permeable barrier that controls the entry and exit of substances

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3
Q

Definition of cytoplasm?

A

Fluid component which contains the enzymes needed for all metabolic reactions

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4
Q

Definition of nucleoid ?

A

Region of cytoplasm which contains genophore (prokaryotic DNA)

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5
Q

Definition of plasmid:

A

Additional DNA molecule that exist and replicate indepentally of the genophore l- it can be transmitted between bacterial species

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6
Q

Definition of ribosomes?

A

Complexes of RNA and protein that responsible for polypeptide syntheses

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7
Q

Definition of slime capsule?

A

Thick polysaccharide layer used for protection against drying out and phagocytosis

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8
Q

Definition of flagella?

A

Long, slender projection containing a motor protection which spins the flagella like a propellor enabling movement

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9
Q

Definition pilli? And the 2 types?

A

Hair like extensions: 2 types:

1) attachment pili: shorter in length allow bacteria to adhere to one another or to available surface
2) sex pilli: longer in length, alllow the exchange of genetic material (plasmids) via a process called bacterial conjugation

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10
Q

How do bacterial cells divide

A

Binary fission

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11
Q

What is binary fission a form of?

A

Form of asexual reproduction/ cell division used by prokaryotic cells

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12
Q

What is the process of binary fission?

A

Circular DNA is copied in response to replication signal

  • 2 DNA loops attach to membrane
  • membrane elongates and pinches off (cytokinesis) forming 2 separate cells
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13
Q

Electron microscopes have a much higher resolution than what?

A

Light microscopes

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14
Q

What’s resolution?

A

Making separate parts of an object distinguishable by eye

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15
Q

How many times greater is the resolution on an electron microscope than a light one?

A

200 time greater

16
Q

Prokaryotes have simple cell structures without what?

A

Compartments