Application - Chapter 6 Flashcards
Processes occurring in the small intestine that results in the digestions of starch and transport of the products of digestions to the liver
Explain digestion in small intestine into maltose and maltrotriose
Provided there is a chain of at least four 1-4 monomers the digestion process proceeds to produce a mixture of two and three model chains- maltose and moltotriose
Processes occurring in the small intestine that results in the digestions of starch and transport of the products of digestions to the liver
Explain digestion in small intestine- of 1-6 bonds
Amylase cannot catalysed reaction to break the 1-6 bonds of amylopectin - called dextrins
Digestion of starch is completed by 3 enzymes- maltose, glucosidase, and dectrinase into glucose
Glucose then absorbed by epithlieum
Use of dialysis using to model absorption of digested food in the intestine
Way 1- apparatus
1) 10 ml of 1% starch solution and 1ml of water in bag of dialysis tubing
2) 10 ml of 1% starch solution and 1ml of 1% amylase solution
3) water at 40•c
Use of dialysis using to model absorption of digested food in the intestine
Way 1 results- investigation the need for digestion using a model of the small intestine
Take bags out of each sac, open them and pour the solutions from them into separate test tubes - divide into 4 - 2 test sugar -2 test starch
Use of dialysis using to model absorption of digested food in the intestine
Investigation membrane permeability using ammodel of the small intestine
Use cola- contain mixture of particles with different particle sizes- if it works should diffuse out of the bag
William Harvey’s discovery of the circulation of the blood with a heart acting as a pump
1628- dissected bodies and looked at structure
Measure rate of flow of blood- discredited earlier theories of blood production and blood consumption
Predicted the presence of small vessels- capillaries to join arteries with veins- validated with development of microscope
Demonstrated that blood flow is unidirectional
Testing of leptin on patients with clinical obesity and reasons for the failure to control the disease
Human trials of 73 volunteers most obese patients became leptin resistant - some patients suffered skin irritation and sweeping and only 43 complete trial
The effect on leptin on the body doesn’t respond to high levels of leptin which normally triggers the release of appetite suppressant hormone
The use of IVF of drugs to suspend the normal secretion of hormones, following by the use of artificial doses of hormones to induce super ovulation and establish a pregnancy
1) down- regulation- woman takes a drug each day to stop pituitary gland secreting FSH or LH - secretion of estrogen and progesterone therefore stops
2) this stops natural menstrual cycle and allows doctors to control the timjng of egg production
3) injections of FSH and LH are then given for abut 10 days to stimulate follicles to develop
3) more then usual amount of follicles develop- super ovulation
4) follicles are 18 mm in diameter they are stimulated to mature by hcg injection
5) each egg is mixed with 50,000 to 100,000 sperm cells in sterile conjditjkns in a shallow dish
6) incubated at 37•c until next day
7) if fertilisation is successful then one or more embryos is placed into womb
William Harvey’s investigation of sexual reproduction in Deere
Didn’t believe that male ‘seed’ when mixed with menstrual cycle ‘seed and soil’ theory
Choose deer to study- deer breed seasonally so a know mating Time was obvious
Dissected animals but couldn’t find any evidence of developing embryos until 2/3 months after mating
Proved atrisotle was wrong but couldn’t prove his idea was correct- microscope helped
Deer are poor subjects- embryos are microscoically small for longer periods
Processes occurring in the small intestine that results in the digestions of starch and transport of the products of digestions to the liver
2 types of molecules in starch?
- amylase- has unbranched chains of alpha glucose linked by 1-4 bonds
- amylopectin- bad chains of alpha glucose linked by 1-4 bonds with some 1-6 bonds providing a branched structure
