Chapter 4-species, Communites And Ecosystem

Question 1

What is interbreeding?

Answer 1

Interbreeding is when two members of the same species mate and produce an offspring

Question 2

What is crossbreeding?

Answer 2

Crossbreeding is the members of different species breed together

Question 3

What are the offspring produced by crossbreeding usually?

Answer 3

infertile

Question 4

What is a population?

Answer 4

Population is a group of organisms of the same species live in the same area at the same time

Question 5

What happens if two populations of the species never interbreed?

Answer 5

They may gradually develop differences in the characters however even if they are recognisable differences they consider to be the same species and they cannot interbreed and produce fertile ofsspring

Question 6

What are the two methods of nutrition?

Answer 6

Autotrophic and heterotrophic

Question 7

What is autotrophic?

Answer 7

Autotrophic means self-feeding which is basically some organs make their own carbon compounds from carbon dioxide and other simple substances

Question 8

What is heterotrophic?

Answer 8

Heterotrophic means feeding on others - basically some organisms sometime in the carbon compounds from other organisms

Question 9

What are consumers?

Answer 9

Consumers are heterotrophs that feed on living organisms by ingestion

Question 10

Consume is ingest their food what does this mean?

Answer 10

This means that they take in undigested material from other organisms

Question 11

What are detritivores?

Answer 11

Detritivores I heterotrophs that obtain organic nutrients from detritus by internal digestion

Question 12

What are 3 examples of what detritivores/ saprotrophs eat?

Answer 12

1) Dead leaves and other parts of plants
2) feathers, hairs and Other dead parts of animals bodies
3) feces from animals

Question 13

What happens when detritivores ingest dead organic matter?

Answer 13

Digest it internally and They absorb the products of digestion

Question 14

What a saprotrophs?

Answer 14

Saprotrophs are heterotrophs that obtain organic nutrients from dead organic matter by external digestion

Question 15

How do saprotrophs digest?

Answer 15

They secrete digestive enzymes into the dead organic matter and digest it externally

Question 16

What is another word for saprotrophs and why are they called this?

Answer 16

Decomposes - as they break down carbon compounds in dead organic matter and release elements such as nitrogen into the ecosystem

Question 17

What are communities?

Answer 17

A community is formed by populations of different species living together and interacting with each other

Question 18

What all species dependent on?

Answer 18

All species are dependent on relationships with other species for the long-term survival

Question 19

The fact that all species are dependent on relationships other species long-term survival means what?

Answer 19

This means a population of one species can never live in isolation - groups of populations live together. a group of populations living together in an area and interacted with each other is a community

Question 20

How does the community form an ecosystem?

Answer 20

A community forms an ecosystem by interactions with the abiotic environment

Question 21

Why is a community dependent on a abiotic environment?

Answer 21

Because organisms cannot live in isolation, they depend on the nonliving surroundings of air, water soil and rock these are known as the abiotic environment

Question 22

What is in example of the Abiotic environment having power over organisms?

Answer 22

For example the way in action on a rocky shore create a very specialised habitat and only organisms adapted to it can survive. - on cliffs the rock type determines whether there are ledges on which birds can beat

Question 23

What is the example of an organism have an affect on the abiotic environment?

Answer 23

An example is sand dunes- they develop along the coast where sand is blow up the shore and specialised plants grow in the loose wind-blown sand- the roots of the plan stabilise the sand and their leaves break the wind and encourage more sand to be deposited

Question 24

Where’d autotroph’s heterotrophs obtain inorganic nutrients from?

Answer 24

The abiotic environment

Question 25

What are the supply of chemical element that living organisms need?

Answer 25

1) Carbon hydrogen and oxygen and Is needed to make carbohydrates, lipids another carbon compounds in which life is based
2) nitrogen and phosphorus see also needed to make these compounds
3) are others but not essential

Question 26

How’s the supply of inorganic nutrients maintained?

Answer 26

By the nutrient cycle

Question 27

What are the three requirements for sustainability and ecosystems?

Answer 27

Nutrient availability, detoxification of waste products, energy availability

Question 28

What is in example of nutrients being recycled indefinitely?

Answer 28

The waste products of one species are usually exploited as a resource by another species for example; ammonium ions released by decomposes are absorbed and used for energy source by bacteria in the soil

Question 29

What cannot be recycled?

Answer 29

Energy

Question 30

What is most energy supplied by?

Answer 30

As light from the sun

Question 31

What are species?

Answer 31

Species are groups of organisms that can potentially interbreed to produce fertile offspring