Chapter 12 Vocab Flashcards
(28 cards)
Instinct
A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
Motivation
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
Drive-reduction theory
The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state(a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Incentives
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Optimal Arousal Theory
Human motivation aims to seek optimum levels of arousal, not to eliminate it
Abraham Maslow
Theorist who developed Hierarchy of needs
Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
Glucose
The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When it’s level is low, we feel hunger
Set Point
The point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight
Basal metabolic rate
The body’s resting rate of energy expenditure
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder in which a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve
Bulimia Nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise
Alfred Kinsey
First researcher who studied sexual motivation
Sexual Response Cycle
The four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
Refractory Period
A resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm
Sexual Disorder
A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning
Estrogen
A sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity
Testosterone
The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
Sexual Orientation
An enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own sex or the other sex
Flow
A completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one’s skills
Industrial-Organizational Psychology
The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
Personnel Psychology
A subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development
Organizational Psychology
A subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change
