Flashcards in Chapter 15 Vocab Part 2 Deck (26):
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Terror-management theory
Proposes that faith in one's worldview and the pursuit of self-esteem provide protection against a deeply rooted fear of death
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Humanistic Perspective
Focuses on the role of healthy growth potential
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Abraham Maslow
Self-actualization; belief that we all have the ability to reach our full potential
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Self-actualization
According to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
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Carl Rogers
Believed that in order for self-actualization to occur; genuineness, acceptance, and empathy are required
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Unconditional Positive Regard
According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person
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Self-Concept
All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "who am I"
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Trait Perspective
Explains personality in terms of biology; a lo to four personality is predetermined. Characteristics that we are born with
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Traits
A characteristic pattern of behavior or disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports
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Gordon Allport
Came to define personality in terms of identifiable behaviors patterns; less concerned explaining traits than with identifying them
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Factor Analysis
Statistical procedure used to identify clusters of traits that go together
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Personality Inventories
A questionnaire on which people people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits
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MMPI
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; the st widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders, this test is now used for many other screening purposes
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Empirically Derived
A test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups
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The big five
OCEAN, CANOE
personality factors: conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extroversion
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Social-Cognitive Perspective
Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between persons and their social context
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Reciprocal Determinism
The interacting influences between personality and environmental factors
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Personal Control
Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless
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External Locus of control
The perception that chance or outside forces beyond ones personal control determine ones fate
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Internal Locus of control
The perception that one controls one's own fate
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Martin Seligman
Theory of learned helplessness and and positive psychology
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Learned Helplessness
The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
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Positive Psychology
The scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive
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Spotlight effect
Overestimating others' noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders
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Self-esteem
Ones feelings of high or low self-worth
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