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AP Psychology > Chapter 7 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Vocab Flashcards

(50 cards)

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0
Q

Biological rhythms

A

Periodic physiological fluctuations

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

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2
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle

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3
Q

Non-Rem Sleep

A

???

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4
Q

REM Sleep

A

Rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active

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5
Q

Alpha waves

A

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

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6
Q

Sleep

A

Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness- as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation

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7
Q

Hallucinations

A

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

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8
Q

Delta waves

A

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

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9
Q

Insomnia

A

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

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10
Q

Narcolepsy

A

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.

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11
Q

Sleep apnea

A

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

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12
Q

Night terrors

A

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified;unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during stage 4 sleep, within 2-3 hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered

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13
Q

Dream

A

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping persons mind. Notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamers delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it

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14
Q

Manifest Content

A

According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream

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15
Q

Latent Content

A

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream. Functions as a safety valve.

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16
Q

Dream Theories

A 
Freud's Wish-fulfillment  
Information-processing 
Physiological function 
Activation-synthesis
Cognitive theory
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17
Q

Freud’s Wish-fulfillment

A

Dreams provide a “psychic safety valve”- expressing otherwise unacceptable feelings- contain manifest content and a deeper layer of latent content-a hidden meaning

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18
Q

Information-processing

A

Dreams help us sort out the days events and consolidate our memories

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19
Q

Physiological function

A

Regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may help develop and preserve neural pathways

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20
Q

Activation-synthesis

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A

REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories, which our sleeping brain weaves into stories

21
Q

Cognitive theory

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A

Dream content reflects dreamers’ cognitive development-their knowledge and understanding

22
Q

REM rebound

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A

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

23
Q

Hypnosis

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A

A social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.

24
Anton Mesmer
Credited for the popularity of hypnosis
25
Posthypnotic suggestion
A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors
26
Social Influence Theory
Hypnotic subjects may simply be imaginative actors playing a social role
27
Theodore Barber
Credited with the Social influence theory
28
Dissociation | Divided-consciousness theory
A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.
29
Ernest Hilgard
Credited with the divided consciousness theory, or disassociation
30
Age Regression
?
31
Psychoactive drug
A chemical substance that affects perceptions and mood
32
Tolerance
The diminishing effect with with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drugs effect
33
Withdrawal
The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug
34
Physical Dependence
A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued
35
Psychological Dependence
A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions
36
Addiction
Compulsive drug craving and use
37
Depressants
Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
38
Barbiturates
Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement
39
Opiates
Opium and it's derivatives such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
40
Stimulants
Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
41
Amphetamines
Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes
42
Methamphetamines
A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels
43
Ecstasy(MDMA)
A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen, produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition
44
Hallucinogens
Psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distorts perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
45
LSD
A powerful hallucinogenic drug, known as acid
46
THC
The major active ingredient in marijuana, triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations
47
Near-death experience
An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death, often similar to drug-induced hallucinations
48
Dualism
The presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact
49
Monism
The presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing

AP Psychology (25 decks)

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