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Human Structure and Function II > Chapter 17 Endocrine Part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Endocrine Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what system works together with the nervous system

A

endocrine

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2
Q

common goal of the endocrine system

A

achieve/ maintain homeostasis

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3
Q

the endocrine system consists of

A

endocrine glands/ tissue throughout the body

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4
Q

endocrine glands secrete what

A

chemical messengers

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5
Q

what are chemical messengers

A

hormones

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6
Q

the endocrine system transports throughout the body via

A

blood

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7
Q

the endocrine system binds to

A

receptors on target tissue

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8
Q

what events does the endocrine and hormones control

A
  1. growth and development
  2. tissue formation
  3. metabolism and energy balance
  4. reproduction
  5. sexual development
  6. fluid, electrolyte and nutrition homeostasis
  7. behavior
  8. immune system
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9
Q

hormones stimulate osteocytes to secrete new matrix, neurons form and strengthen synapses and skeletal muscle fibers enlarge

A

growth and development

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10
Q

hormones stimulate glucose regulation
production of enzymes essential for food breakdown/ absorption
adjusrs HR, BP, RR to better adapt to current metabolic demand

A

metabolism

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11
Q

hormones regulate renal function, controlling which ions/ water retained or excreted, regulate pH of plasma, # and types of blood cells produced and the amount of proteins in blood plasma

A

blood compositioin

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12
Q

hormones regulates reproductioin via production of gametes
also role in milk production/ let down in breast feeding

A

reproduction

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13
Q

electronic signaling

A

nervous sytem

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14
Q

nervous system has wired or wireless system

A

wired

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15
Q

wired system=

A

localized effect

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16
Q

the response in the nervous system is rapid and brief duration or slower and long lasting

A

rapid and brief duration

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17
Q

the nervous sytem reacts to far or close proximity

A

close

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18
Q

can some molecules act as both neurotransmitters and hormones depending on the source

A

yes

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19
Q

is the endocrine system electronic or chemical signaling

A

chemical

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20
Q

produced by neurons, secreted into synapse, travels short distance ro adjacent cell= effector

A

neurotransmitter

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21
Q

neuron, gland or muscle=

A

paracrine agents

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22
Q

examples of neurotransmitters

A

acetylcholine and epinephrine

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23
Q

cell produces a hormone that act on itself

A

autocrine

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24
Q

example of autocrine

A

t lymphocytes with an infection

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25
cell produces hormone that acts on neighboring cells
paracrine
26
ductless, releases substance into the blood to a distant target cell
endocrine
27
hormones are produced and secreted by
endocrine glands
28
where do hormones travel
in the blood
29
at the target hormones stimulate a
response
30
hormone actions are usually
cell specifici
31
protein molecules bind specifically with hormones and trigger specific physiologic changes in target cell
receptor
32
chemical messengers created in response to
stimulation
33
hormones travel via blood to all
tissues in the body
34
can hormones turn things on or off when bind to receptor
yes stinulate or inhibit
35
hormones are regulated by what in the brain
hypothalamus
36
the action of a hormone at the target is established by
receptors on or in target organ cells
37
what is source tissue
where the hormone is released into the blood stream
38
what is a source tissue for insulin
pancreatic islet cells
39
what is target tissue
possesses receptors for the hormone and responds to the hormone by a specific action
40
major endocrine glands include
1. pineal gland 2. hypothalamus 3. pituitary gland 4. thyroid gland 5. parathyroid gland 6. thymus 7. pancreas 8. adrenal glands 9. testicles or ovaries 10. placenta during pregnancy
41
nontraditional hormone secreting organs
heart kidneys stomach intestines adipose tissue
42
what nontraditional hormone organ secretes atrial natruretic peptide
heart
43
what nontraditional hormone organ secretes erythropoietin
kidneys
44
what nontraditional hormone organ secretes renin
kidneys
45
what nontraditional hormone organ secretes gastrin
stomach
46
what nontraditional hormone organ secretes cytokines, incretins, ghrelin
intestines
47
what nontraditional hormone organ secretes leptin and adiponectin
adipose tissue
48
3 types of stimuli control hormone release
humoral, hormonal, neural
49
in humoral control, the production of hormone is controlled by the level of the controlled substance in the
blood flowing through the endocrine source tissue itself
50
example of humoral control
the control of glucose by insulin and glucagon production and release by the pancreas
51
in neural control, production of a hormone is controlled by the
direct neural stimulation of the source tissue
52
the only occurance of the neural control is
direct sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla to release catecholamines directly into the blood stream
53
in hormonal control, production of a hormone is controlled by the
blood level of a hormone produced by a different source tissue
54
hormones stimulate secretion of other hormones are called
tropic hormones
55
tropic means
endocrine to endocrine
56
most common tropic hormones is
anterior pituitary
57
inhibitory hormones are released from hypothalamus and
prevent tropic hormone release
58
also negative feedback=
no stimulus which decrease TH release
59
3 patterns to determine hormone blood levels
chronic acute episodic
60
constant blood levels over long timeframe
chronic
61
when hormone concentration sudden/ irregular changes short timeframe, circulating levels differ with each stimulus
acute
62
when hormone secreted at predictable intervals and concentrations, predictable bursts
episodic
63
fluctuate during month (cyclical)
reproductive hormones
64
can polar hormones pass through cell membrane
no
65
can polar hormones get through mucosa of gut
no
66
how do polar hormones need to be adminstered
by injection
67
how do polar hormoned act outside cell
act as second-messenger mechanisms
68
examples of polar hormones
catecolamines, melatonin, calcitonin
69
polar means
water soluble
70
lipophilic hormones include
steroid and thyroid hormones
71
can lipophilic hormones cross cell membrane
yes
72
how are lipophilic hormones adminstered
orally
73
most common controlling mechanism
negative feedback
74
hormones secretion is inhibited by
hormone itself
75
what senses that something is wrong
hypothalamus
76
pituitary hormone travels via
bloodstream
77
pituitary hormone travels via the bloodsteam to target organ to produce
new hormone
78
target organ hormone is produced which signals the
hypothalamus
79
hypothalamus senses balance and
stops signaling the pituitary
80
what is a rare mechanism
positive feedback
81
what does positive feedback do
acceletates original process
82
positive feedback continues until
certain action is complete

Human Structure and Function II (36 decks)

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