chapter 28 reproductive part 1

Question 1

male and female reproductive systems=

Answer 1

necessary for humans to reproduce

Question 2

when does the reproductive system activate

Answer 2

at puberty

Question 3

production of gametes

Answer 3

gemetogenesis

Question 4

male gonads= testes->

Answer 4

sperm production

Question 5

female gonads= ovareis->

Answer 5

egg production

Question 6

what is male delivery of sperm into female via sexual intercourse, then fertilization of oocyte by sperm

Answer 6

fertilization

Question 7

explain development and nourishment of the fetus=

Answer 7

female reproductive system provides for fetus until birth, then nourishment via milk after bith (gestation and parturition)

Question 8

hormones produced control development of

Answer 8

fetus

Question 9

hormones also play a role regarding reproductive what

Answer 9

function and behavior

Question 10

what are referred to as gonadotropins

Answer 10

FSH and LH

Question 11

FSH and LH act on what

Answer 11

gonads (ovaries and testes)

Question 12

what hormone does LH/FSH release

Answer 12

GnRN

Question 13

what hormone does follicle developmet in females and sperm production in males

Answer 13

FSH

Question 14

what hormone does ovulation in females and testosterone production in males

Answer 14

LH

Question 15

what hormone does endometrial growth and breast dev.

Answer 15

estrogen

Question 16

what hormone does uterus development

Answer 16

progesterone

Question 17

what hormone does virilization and anabolism

Answer 17

testosterone

Question 18

what hormone maintains corpus luteum-> maintains endometrium

Answer 18

hCG

Question 19

what hormones does milk production

Answer 19

prolactin

Question 20

what hormone does labor contractions, milk-lactation, bonding

Answer 20

oxytocin

Question 21

term for reproductive structures that have a common origin during development similar function in both sexes

Answer 21

homologous structures

Question 22

what are primary sex organs

Answer 22

testes and ovaries

Question 23

what is erectile tissue

Answer 23

penis and clit

Question 24

what are the protective enclosures

Answer 24

scrotum and labia majora

Question 25

what does fluid secretion

Answer 25

cowpers and bartholins gland

Question 26

what are secondary sexual characteristics for both sex

Answer 26

non reproductive, both sexes- pubic and axilla hair

Question 27

male sec char.

Answer 27

facial and chest hair deepening voice

Question 28

females sec sex char.

Answer 28

breast development

Question 29

process of gamete production= egg and sperm

Answer 29

gametogenesis

Question 30

type of cell division that produces gametes, only occurs in testes and ovaries

Answer 30

meiosis

Question 31

type of cel division that occurs in somatic cells

Answer 31

mitosis

Question 32

meiosis haploid or diploid

Answer 32

haploid

Question 33

is mitosis haploid or diploid

Answer 33

diploid

Question 34

meiosis forms 4 haploid cells which results in

Answer 34

genetic variability

Question 35

mitosis you have homologous chromosomes which means

Answer 35

1 from mom and 1 from dad

Question 36

mitosis form 2 identical what

Answer 36

diploid cells

Question 37

development of sperm cells and eggs

Answer 37

spermatogenesis/ oogenesis

Question 38

sperm cells are located where

Answer 38

seminiferous tubules

Question 39

eggs are located in the

Answer 39

ovary

Question 40

how long does it take for sperm to be produced

Answer 40

74 days

Question 41

what are two cell types

Answer 41

germ cells and sustentacular (sertoli) cells

Question 42

germ cells are from

Answer 42

sperm cells

Question 43

what do sertoli cells do

Answer 43

provide nourishment

Question 44

sertoli cells prevent what

Answer 44

immune cells from destroying haploid sperm as they would identify them as non-self, as haploid

Question 45

ovary is inactive until

Answer 45

puberty

Question 46

eggs are released monthly until

Answer 46

menopause

Question 47

meiosis 1 is completed by

Answer 47

1 primary oocyte per month- LH surge

Question 48

meiosis II completed only?

Answer 48

if fertilization occurs

Question 49

what is sac of skin outside the abdominopelvic cavity at root of penis

Answer 49

scrotum

Question 50

what does the scrotum contain

Answer 50

2 testes, sparse hairs, 2 muscles

Question 51

what are the two muscles in the scrotum

Answer 51

dartos and cremasteric

Question 52

what is smooth muscle in superficial fascia, wrinkes the scrotal skin

Answer 52

dartos muscle

Question 53

what is skeletal muscle bands that arise from internal oblique, elevate the testes

Answer 53

cremasteric

Question 54

spermaogenesis inhibition at

Answer 54

normal body temp

Question 55

since spermatogenesis inhibition ar normal body temp, what needs to happen

Answer 55

keep testes exterior to pelvic cavity or no fertility

Question 56

what does the cold do in male reproductive system

Answer 56

muscles contract and bring testes closer to the body, scrotal skin wrinkles, decreaseing surface area and increase thickness to reduce heat loss

Question 57

what happens in the warmth in male reproductive

Answer 57

hang lower from body

Question 58

what is pampiniform complex

Answer 58

(Aterial-venous network surrounding Testicular artery like a climbing vine) uses counter-current heat exchange to transfer heat from Vein to Artery & maintain lower testicular temperatures

Question 59

what is the cremasteric reflex

Answer 59

elevates ipsilateral testis on scratching upper medial thigh, also moves testis up with exposure to colder temperatures

Question 60

what does the reflex test

Answer 60

L1-L2 (genitofermoral nerve)

Question 61

what will usually be absent in testicular torsion

Answer 61

cremasteric reflex

Question 62

what are the two layers covering the testis

Answer 62

tunica vaginalis (outer) and tunica albuginea (inner)

Question 62

testes are mixed function organs which means

Answer 62

spermatogenesis and endocrine

Question 63

testis is divided into ~250- 300 lobules, each of which has what

Answer 63

1-3 seminiferous tubules

Question 64

what is the seminiferous tubules a site for

Answer 64

spermatogenesis

Question 65

tubules have both

Answer 65

spermatogenic cells and sustentacular cells

Question 66

there is a gradual descent of

Answer 66

testes into the scrotum

Question 67

if testes fail to descend it is called

Answer 67

cryptorchidism

Question 68

what side typically fails to descend

Answer 68

right

Question 69

cryptorchidism typically have an affect on

Answer 69

body temperature

Question 70

men who do not have descended testes are usually sterile unless

Answer 70

fixed with surgery

Question 71

treat cryptorchidism after?

Answer 71

6 months of age

Question 72

if you have cryptorchidism you have an increased risk of

Answer 72

testicular cancer

Question 73

what is the surgery for cryptorchisism called

Answer 73

orchipexy

Question 74

is testicular cancer common or rare

Answer 74

rare

Question 75

who is testicular cancer most common in

Answer 75

young men 15-35

Question 76

risk factors for testicular cancer

Answer 76

cryptorchidism, Hx of mumos/orchitis, maternal exposure to environmental toxins

Question 77

S&S for testicular cancer

Answer 77

painless solid mass in testes

Question 77

should u do self exams for testicular cancer

Answer 77

yes

Question 78

testicular cancer is curable with?

Answer 78

orchiectomy and combine with XRT and chemo