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Human Structure and Function II > Chapter 19 Blood Part 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Blood Part 2 Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

xs clot formation=

A

thromoboembolic disorders

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2
Q

thromboembolic disorders may occur due to

A

atherosclerosis or inflammation

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3
Q

atherosclerosis or inflammation affect what lining and what else

A

endothelium lining and hemostasis

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4
Q

what is a persistent blood clot in unbroken BV

A

thrombus

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5
Q

when may a thrombus form

A

when platelets and damages BV walls/ heart in same area

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6
Q

large clots can occluded BV’s and cause what downstream

A

ischemia

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7
Q

ischemia can cause

A

cellular death

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8
Q

term for when a thrombus breaks off and is free floating in the blood

A

embolus

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9
Q

when struck in BV too small to transverse what happens

A

embolism

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10
Q

embolus has the risk of blocking aterial BV’s to heart, brain, or lungs which cause

A

MI, CVA, PE

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11
Q

prevention of normal clot formation is

A

bleeding disorders

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12
Q

when do bleeding disorders occur

A

due to platelet deficiency, clotting factor deficit, liver dysfunction or hemophilia

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13
Q

blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually leg or pelis area

A

deep vein thrombosis

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14
Q

where is DVT rare

A

in the arm

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15
Q

symptoms of DVT

A

red, hot, pain, swelling, loss of function, enlarged veins in affected limbs, increased size

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16
Q

risk factors of DVT

A

restricted mobility, paralyzed, injury, sedentary, OCP/ smoking, post op, elderly, pregnant, vein obstruction, active cancer, long drive, flight, genetic, PH/FH of DVT

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17
Q

complications of DVT

A

recurrent VTE, post-thrombotic syndrome, risk of PE, death

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18
Q

diagnosis for DVT

A

ultrasound

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19
Q

prevention of DVT

A

exercise/ ambulate, healthy weight, anticoagulants, compression stockings, venodynes, ASA

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20
Q

treatment for DVT

A

anticoagulants, thrombolysis

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21
Q

what is a blood clot in the lung

A

pulmonary embolism

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22
Q

Is PE life threatening

A

yes

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23
Q

symptoms of PE

A

SOB, chest pain, cough

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24
Q

how does the body react to PE

A

body dissolves clot on own (weeks to months)

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25
what can help prevent PE
meds
26
ASA (acetylsalicylic acid)= antiprostaglandin drug- inhibits thromboxane A2 formation is what anticoagulant drug
aspirin
27
aspirin prevents what aggregation and what formation
prevents platelet aggregation and platelet plug formation
28
risks for taking aspirin
GI/ intracranial bleeding
29
what anticoagulant is injectable and IV form
heparin
30
the injectable and IV form of heparin is slow of rapid acting
rapid acting
31
what is used to prevent and treat venous thrombosis
heparin
32
when taking heparin you have a risk of HIT which does what
the antibodies destroy platelets
33
what does warfarin do
blocks action of vitamin k in produing certain clotting factors
34
is warfarin easy or difficult to regulate
difficult
35
what are the dietary restrictions for warfarin
green leafy veggies
36
examples of direct oral anticoagulants
rivaroxaban (xarelto) and apixaban (eliquis)
37
tPA is
tissue plasminogen activator
38
tissue plasminogen activator =
thrombolytics
39
what do thrombolytics do
dissolve blood clots
40
tPA have a risk of
brain bleeds
41
counts under 150,000/ul if <10,000= risk of spontaneous bleeding
thrombocytopenia
42
what disorder is due to bone marrow malignancy, certain drugs, ionizing radiation
thrombocytopenia
43
what are small pinpoints of hemorrhage seen on skin
petechiae
44
how do you treat thrombocytopenia
platelet transfusion
45
what disorder causes you to be unable to synthesize clotting factors and cause bleeding
impaired liver function
46
what is impaired liver function due to
vitamin k deficiency, hepatitis, or cirrhosis
47
A= factor VIII, B= factor IX, C= Factor XI A&B= males bleed into tissues and joints is what disorder
hemophilia
48
how do you treat hemophilia
transfuse fresh plasma or inject deficient clotting factor
49
rare blood clotting disorder with widespread clotting and severe bleeding
DIC - disseminated intravascular coagulation
50
2 ways DIC occurs
1. small blood clots occlude BVs which shuts down blood supply to major organs 2. platelets and clotting factors used up and there is uncontrolled bleeding
51
labs for DIC
prolonged coag times, thrombocytopenia, high FDP's and D-dimer levels and schistocytes on smear
52
causes of dic
preg complications septicemia incompatible blood transfusion burns liver disease pancreatitis cancer
53
symptoms of dic
uncontrollable bleeding bruising confusion fever >103
54
complications of dic
CVA, shock, xs bleeding
55
treatment for dic
supportive care with IV fluids and transfusions of plasma/RBC/ platelets , anticoagulants
56
need to compensate for blood loss to maintain blood's what?
bloods 02 carrying capacity
57
how do you maintain blood 02 carrying capacity
replace rbcs by increasing production of rbcs
58
when you have a loss of 15-30% of blood volume what happens
pale and weak
59
loss of >30% of blood volume what happens
severe shock-death
60
what is an infusion
replace of lost blood volume by replacing with normal saline or ringer's solution
61
what is a transfusion
replace of blood or blood components
62
whole blood transfusion is
rare
63
what are highly specific molecular markers on external surfaces
rbc antigen
64
exposure to antibody, form complex is what
agglutination
65
type a is what ag
a
66
type b is what ag
b
67
tybe ab is what ag
both a and b
68
ab is the universal
recipient
69
type o is what ag
no ag
70
type 0 is the universal
donor
71
rhesus blood group is
d antigen
72
mix blood with antiserum with ag and check agglutination is
test blood typing
73
if there is agglutination it means
ag presence
74
is rh - mom and rh + dad-
risk
75
exposure of rh- to rh+ blood via
placental exposure or transfusion
76
abs act against d antigen on rbc->
agglutination and hemolysis of rbcs
77
how do you treat hemolytic disease of the newborn
exchange transfusion (remove rh+ blood, give rh- blood within 6 weeks
78
how do you prevent HDN
rhogam- contains abs against rh antigens bind to rh ags and ianctivates fetal rh ag's prevents sensitization of mom injection given during pregnancy, prior to delivery, post delievery/miscarriage/ abortion

Human Structure and Function II (38 decks)

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