Chapter 18 Endocrine Glands Part 1

Question 1

what two glands integrate 2 body controlling systems and which systems

Answer 1

hypothalamus and pituitary gland

nervous and endocrine

Question 2

what regulates pituitary gland secretion in response to other hormones, sensory info, emotions

Answer 2

hypothalamus

Question 3

where is the hypothalamus located

Answer 3

base of brain witch direct connection to pituitary via infundibulum

Question 4

hypothalamus regulates anterior pituitary via what

Answer 4

blood vessels, where 2 capillary networks are connected by portal veins

Question 5

the hypothalamus regulates posterior pituiatary via what

Answer 5

neural pathway through infundibulum

Question 6

the tract in the posterior pituitary arises from what

Answer 6

neurons in paraventricular and suporaoptic nuclei of hypothalamus

Question 7

nerves or clusters of brain cells

Answer 7

nuclei

Question 8

what sits in sella turcica of sphenoid bone

Answer 8

pituitary gland

Question 9

the pituitary gland have arterial blood supply via what

Answer 9

hypophyseal branches of internal carotid arteries

Question 10

where do the veins in the pituitary gland drain into

Answer 10

dural sinuses

Question 11

what is an adenohypophysis

Answer 11

anterior pituitary

Question 12

Glandular epithelium develops as outpocket of roof of oral cavity (Rathke pouch / Pituitary diverticulum), Connection to oral cavity severed. ONLY vascular connection to Hypothalamus via Hypophyseal Portal Veins.

Answer 12

anterior pituitary

Question 13

anterior pituitary portal system

Answer 13

capillary bed to veins to 2nd capillary bed

Question 14

what is the role of the pituitary gland

Answer 14

releasing and inhibiting hormones in ventral hypothalamus to anterior pituitary quickly

Question 15

what borders post pituitary and has no function in adult, in fetus it produces MSH, role in lower vertebrates

Answer 15

pars intermedia

Question 16

Neurohypophysis with Infundibulum; Part of the Brain

Answer 16

posterior pituitary

Question 17

what is the posterior pituitary composed of

Answer 17

neural tissue pituicytes and nerve fibers

Question 18

what does neural tissue do

Answer 18

regulate release of hormones

Question 19

what is continous with hypothalamus

Answer 19

PP

Question 20

embryologic development=

Answer 20

outgrowth of the brain, infundibulum enlarges to form the posterior pituitary

Question 21

what does the PP release

Answer 21

neurohormones and neuropeptides

Question 22

the pituitary gland stores hormones but not a

Answer 22

endocrine gland

Question 23

what does the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract do

Answer 23

carry hormones to pituitary

Question 24

what do hypothalamic neurons synthesize

Answer 24

oxytocin and adh

Question 25

what controls secretion of posterior pituitary hormones

Answer 25

nerve stimulation in hypothalamus

Question 26

AP’s conducted by Axons of Hypothalamic Neurons through Hypothalamic-Hypophyseal Tract to

Answer 26

posterior pituitary

Question 27

what is transported down the Axons of Hypothalamic-Hypophyseal Tract to Posterior Pituitary

Answer 27

oxytocin and ADH

Question 28

where are oxytocin and ADH stored

Answer 28

in axon terminals in PP

Question 29

Hypothalamic Neurons fire & AP’s arrive at Axon terminals ->

Answer 29

oxytocin and ADH release into blood

Question 30

once oxytocin and ADH are in the blood what happens

Answer 30

travel through it and bind to receptors on target cells to influence tissue activity

Question 31

there are releasing and inhibiting hormones in anterior or posterior pituitary

Answer 31

anterior

Question 32

releasing hormones=

Answer 32

stimulate anterior pituitary hormone secretion

Question 32

inhibiting hormones=

Answer 32

inhibit anterior pituitary hormone secretion

Question 33

hypothalamic neurons synthesize what in anterior pituitary

Answer 33

synthesize releasing or inhibiting hormones

Question 34

neuron stimulation in hypothalamus controls secretion of releasing or inhibiting hormones into

Answer 34

primary capillary plexus of hypothalamus

Question 35

hypothalamic hormones travel through the

Answer 35

portal veins to anterior pituitary

Question 36

anterior pituitary secretes hormones into

Answer 36

secondary capillary plexus (in response to releasing hormones)

Question 37

if it is inhibiting hormones it causes

Answer 37

prevention of hormone secretion

Question 38

after it goes to capillary plexus

Answer 38

it travels via bloodstream and bind to receptors on target cells and influence tissue activity

Question 39

what does growth hormone releasing hormone do

Answer 39

increase GH level

Question 40

what does growth hormone inhibiting hormone do

Answer 40

inhibit GH and TSH secretion

Question 41

what does thyrotrophin releasing hormone do

Answer 41

increase tsh level

Question 42

what does corticotropin releasing hormone do

Answer 42

increase acth level

Question 43

what does gonadotropic releasing hormone do

Answer 43

increase fsh and lh levels

Question 44

what does prolactin inhibiting hormone do

Answer 44

inhibits prl secretion

Question 45

what is nervous tissue only

Answer 45

posterior pituitary

Question 46

antidiuretic hormone is also called

Answer 46

vasopressin

Question 47

vasopressin causes increase of what with signficiant secretion

Answer 47

BP

Question 48

what is ADH role

Answer 48

maintains water balance, causes water resorption and prevents urine formation

Question 49

what does ADH act on

Answer 49

kidney tubules

Question 50

ADH is triggered by

Answer 50

pain low bp nicotine morphine barbituates

Question 51

what is adh made by

Answer 51

neuron cell bodies in SO nuclei of hypothalamus, stores in post pit.

Question 52

inference of adh:

Answer 52

surgical removal of post. pit. which results in hormone shortage

Question 53

rate of secretion is dependent on response to changes in what?

Answer 53

blood osmolality and blood volume

Question 54

what detects changes in blood osmolality

Answer 54

osmoreceptors

Question 55

what detect changes in bp

Answer 55

baroreceptors

Question 56

if osmolality increases and bp decreases what happens to ADH secretion

Answer 56

ADH secreting neurons increase APs

Question 57

osmotic concentration = number of solute in 1 kg of water x number of particles into which solute dissociates- directly proportionate to concentration of solutes

Answer 57

osmolality

Question 58

APs go to the post. pit. causing ADH to be released into the blood and causes what to increase

Answer 58

kidney tubules increase water resoprtion

Question 59

kidney tubules increase water resoprtion which results in

Answer 59

reduced urine amount, increases urine osmalality and decreased loss of blood volume

Question 60

adh secretion is inhibited by

Answer 60

xs water, diurectics, alcohol

Question 61

what is from an ADH deficiency, extreme thirst and frequent urination with high urinary output

Answer 61

diabetes insipidus

Question 62

what causes diabetes insipidus

Answer 62

pit tumor head trauma = damage to hypothalamus or post pit

Question 63

if the patient with diabetes insipidus has the capacity to drink enough water to prevent dehydration then will they be ok

Answer 63

yes

Question 64

what causes a patient to have a life threatening cause of diabetes insipidius

Answer 64

the patient is compromised and unconscious or in a come

Question 65

what is SIADH

Answer 65

syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion

Question 66

what is SIADH due to

Answer 66

neurosurgery cancer certain meds general anesthesia

Question 67

symptoms of SIADH

Answer 67

brain edema-> fluid retention, headache, disoriented, weight gain, blood dilution

Question 68

how do you treat SIADH

Answer 68

fluid restriction follow Na level slowly correct level or central pontine myelinolysis

Question 69

what is made by neuron cell bodies in PV nuclei of hypothalamus and stored in post pit

Answer 69

oxytocin

Question 70

pos feedback for oxytocin

Answer 70

stimulates uterine contraction in childbirth breastfeeding used to stop postpartum bleeding

Question 71

what is a love hormone

Answer 71

oxytocin

Question 72

what stimulate other glands (endocrine to endocrine), regulate secretory action; basophil cells

Answer 72

tropic hormones

Question 73

what does thyroid stimulating hormones do

Answer 73

increase TH levels help with normal development maintain metabolism

Question 74

what does adrenocorticotropic hormones do

Answer 74

stimulates adrenal cortex to increase glucocorticoid hormone secretion

Question 75

when do levels of ACTH peak

Answer 75

in the AM

Question 76

what trippers ACTH

Answer 76

fever hypoglycemia stress

Question 77

what is a precursor for ACTH

Answer 77

proopiomelanocortin

Question 78

how many molecules in proopiomelanocortin cleaved into

Answer 78

four

Question 79

what does follicle stimulating hormone in females do

Answer 79

follicle maturation estrogen secretion in ovary

Question 80

what does FSH in males do

Answer 80

produce sperm in testes

Question 81

what does LH do in females

Answer 81

ovulation and progesterone secretion

Question 82

what does LH do in males

Answer 82

produce testosterone in interstitial cells stimulates gonads